Supernatural fiction
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Supernatural fiction is a classification of literature used to describe fiction exploiting or requiring as plot devices or themes some contradictions of the commonplace natural world and materialist assumptions about it. It includes the traditional ghost story, and was propelled to prominence in Europe by the eighteenth century explosion of popular Gothic fiction. It includes both fiction with a religious message, and some that is directed against the religious concepts of natural law by postulating anti-natural phenomena and beings.
Most but not all supernatural fiction would be taken to be genre fiction; The Turn of the Screw by Henry James is an example of a work of literary fiction that is also largely concerned with supernatural fiction elements, making play of the possibility that they are psychological at root, but requiring the option that they are not for effect. John Banville is a contemporary writer of supernatural literary fiction.
While a great deal of supernatural fiction was written in the century up to 1950, the genre arguably died around then, except for stilted imitation and children's literature. The bulk of fiction dealing with the occult had been posed as supernatural, but somewhere between Arthur Machen and a writer like Dennis Wheatley the effects had become threadbare. On this argument, Charles Williams was one of the last innovators of supernatural fiction.
This dwindling of supernatural fiction can be attributed to a number of causes. The newer genres of horror fiction and fantasy fiction, while growing out of some of the basic propositions and generic conventions, were more energetic, attracted talented authors, and disposed gradually of the older arch style and fusty Edwardianisms. Surrealism was similarly against 'natural law', wholeheartedly, but postulated that the daily world we live in contains the very 'decadent' elements, which in the older supernatural fiction were shown as breaking through some barrier to meet us. After Sigmund Freud, and in a general realignment of thinking on mythology post-1945 (courtesy for example of Northrop Frye, Robert Graves and numerous art historians), European thought had less need to be reminded of the supernatural in the form of repressed Somethings.
Sometimes the form of supernatural fiction is arrived at by following religious themes. Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time takes vaguely Christian references forward in a supernatural theme (as well as being considered children's literature). Maya Kaathryn Bohnhoff has written The Meri series of novels of supernatural fiction centered around a progression in the understanding of a people in relation to the role and position of women. Unknown to the people of the story, women have always been instrumental to their religion as agents of God and a chosen few have always acted as the personification of the Holy Spirit. The story focuses on a young girl destined to take on that role.
Some examples of the genre include:
- William Hope Hodgson's Carnacki, The Ghost Finder (short stories)
- Shirley Jackson's The Haunting of Hill House
- Richard Matheson's Hell House
- Dorothy Macardle's The Uninvited (original British title Uneasy Freehold)
- Tamara Thorne's Haunted
- Paul Gallico's Too Many Ghosts
- Barbara Michael's Stitches In Time and The Walker In Shadows
- Stephen King's Bag of Bones and The Shining
- Jennifer Gostin's Peregrine's Rest
- James Herbert's Haunted
- Stuart Neild's A Haunted Man
- M. R. James's Ghost Stories of an Antiquary
- Sheridan Le Fanu's In a Glass Darkly
Supernatural fiction continues to be a staple of comic book and graphic novel writing, and the basis for films. That is, it is only its purely prose expression that sagged, mid-twentieth century.
[edit] Reference
- The Supernatural in Fiction (1952) Peter Penzoldt
