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Suzhou

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the city in Jiangsu. See also Suzhou, Anhui, and Jiuquan (formerly Suzhou), Gansu
苏州市
City of Suzhou
(Sūzhōu Shì)
Suzhou is highlighted on this map
Administration Type Prefecture-level city
City Seat Jinchang District
( 31°39′N, 120°37′E)
Area
- Total
- Urban center
 
8,488 km²
1,560 km²
Population
- Total
- Urban center
 
6,062,200 (2004)
2,245,300 (2004)
GDP
- Total
- Per Capita
 
¥482.02billion (2006)
¥78,236 (2006) $10,087(2006)
Major Nationalities Han
County-level divisions 12
Township-level divisions --
CPC Committee Secretary Wang Rong (王荣)
Mayor Yan Li (阎立)
City Flower Osmanthus
City Tree Camphor tree
Regional dialect Wu: Suzhouhua (苏州话)
Area code 512
Postal Code 215000
License Plate Prefix 苏E
Classical Gardens of Suzhoua
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Close up of Zhuozheng Garden in Suzhou.
State Party China
Type Cultural
Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, v
Identification #813
Regionb Asia-Pacific

Inscription History

Formal Inscription: 1997
21st Session
Extension/s 2000

a Name as officially inscribed on the WH List
b As classified officially by UNESCO

Suzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Sūzhōu; ancient name: 吳) is a city with a long history on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu, China. The city is renowned for its beautiful stone bridges, pagodas, and meticulously designed gardens, which has become a great tourist attraction. Suzhou has also been an important center for China's silk industry since the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and continues to hold that prominent position today. It is part of the Golden Triangle region. The GDP per capita was ¥66,826 (ca. US$7649) in 2004, ranked no. 5 among 659 Chinese cities.

Contents

[edit] History

Suzhou, the cradle of Wu culture, is one of the oldest towns in the Yangtze Basin. 2500 years ago, local tribes who named themselves "Gou Wu" in the late Shang Dynasty lived in the area which would become Suzhou.

In 514 BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Helu (阖闾) of Wu established "Great City of Helu", the ancient name for Suzhou, as his capital. In 496 BC, Helu was buried in Huqiu (Tiger Hill 虎丘).

The Humble Administrator's Garden
The Humble Administrator's Garden

In 473 BC, Wu was defeated by Yue, another kingdom to the east that was soon annexed by Chu in 306 BC. The golden era of Suzhou was over. Remnants of this culture include the remainders of the 2,500 year old wall and the gate through it at Pan Gate.

By the time of the Qin Dynasty, the city was known as Wu County. Xiang Yu (项羽) staged his historical uprising here in 209 BC, which contributed to the overthrow of Qin.

During the Sui Dynasty, the city was renamed Suzhou in 589 AD.

When the Grand Canal was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route. In the course of the history of China, it has been a metropolis of industry and commerce in the south-eastern coast of China.

During the Tang Dynasty (825 AD), the great poet Bai Juyi (白居易) constructed the Shantang Canal (called "Shantang Jie" or 山塘街) to connect the city with Huqiu for the tourists. In 1035 AD, the temple of Confucius was founded by the great poet and writer Fan Zhongyan (范仲淹). It became the venue for imperial civil examinations.

In February 1130, the advancing Jin army from the north sacked and massacred the city. This was followed by the Mongol invasion (1275) and destruction of the royal city (in the centre of the walled city) in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1367).

Thereafter, the city had a more prosperous time. Many of the famous private gardens were constructed by the gentry of the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, the city was to see another disaster in 1860 when Taiping soldiers advanced on and captured the city. In November 1863 the Ever Victorious Army of Charles Gordon recaptured the city from the Taiping forces.

The next crisis that met the city was the Japanese invasion (1937). Many gardens were devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s, restoration was done on Zhuo-Zheng Yuan (Humble Administrator's Garden), Dong Yuan (East Garden), and others, to bring them back to life.

In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou and Guilin) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage as well as natural scenery should be treated as a priority project. Since then, with suburban economic projects, Suzhou has developed into one of the most prosperous cities in China.

Classical gardens in Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000. It is possible to make a virtual tour at the UNESCO site in panographics through the wonderful Classical Gardens of Suzhou. [1]

[edit] Districts and satellite cities

Being one of the most prosperous cities in China, Suzhou's development has a direct correlation with the growth of its satellite cities, most notably Kunshan, Taicang, and Zhangjiagang. Suzhou's jurisdictional areas are home to many high-tech development enterprises.

Suzhou has jurisdiction over (at county level):

[edit] Landmarks

Entrance into one of the gardens in Suzhou
Entrance into one of the gardens in Suzhou
  • Pan Gate is 2,500 years old and was first built by the state of Wu in the Warring States Period. It is renowned for its unique structure as a combined water and land gate.
  • Tiger Hill (Huqiu) [2]
  • Xuanmiao Guan (originally built in 276 AD, rebuilt in 1584)
  • Huqiu Temple (originally built in 327, rebuilt in 1871)
  • Cold Mountain Temple (Hanshan Si) [3] (built in 503, destroyed and rebuilt many times, last reconstruction in 1896)
  • Baodai Bridge (built in 816, rebuilt in 1442)
  • Shantang Canal (built in 825)
  • Yunyan Pagoda (built in 961)
  • Ruiguang Pagoda (built in 1009)
  • Lingering Garden (Liu Yuan) [4] (built in 1525, rebuilt in 1953)
  • Master of the Nets Garden (Wang Shi Yuan) (built in the Song Dynasty)
  • Blue Wave Pavilion (Canglang Ting) [5] (built in 1696)
  • Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty
  • Lion Grove Garden (built in 1342)
  • Garden of Cultivation
  • The Retreat & Reflection Garden
  • Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) [6] (built in 1513, rebuilt in 1860)
  • Gate of the Orient, the city's tallest building due for completion in 2007

[edit] Transportation

The 8 lane cross section of the HuNing Expressway. 显示双向8车道
The 8 lane cross section of the HuNing Expressway. 显示双向8车道

Suzhou is conveniently located on the Jinghu Railway linking Shanghai and Nanjing, the provincial capital, to both of which there is hourly railway service. Suzhou Railway Station is among the busiest passenger stations in China, having 139 trains stopping daily. T-Trains only take 45 minutes to Shanghai and an hour and half to Nanjing. Driving options include the Jiangsu-Shanghai Expressway, the Yangtze Riverine Expressway, the Suzhou-Jiaxin-Hangzhou Expressway. In 2005, the new Suzhou Outer Ring was completed, linking the peripheral county-level cities of Taicang, Kunshan, and Changshu. By water, Suzhou is connected with Zhangjiagang, Luzhi, Liujia and Changshou.

Although Shuofang Airport and Guangfu United Airlines Airport serve as two municipal airports, and the State Council approved of the construction of an airport exclusively serving Suzhou in 2003, air transportation from Suzhou continues to be located at Shanghai's Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. It is a great place to go.

[edit] Culture

ThebYunyan Pagoda, an inclined tower.
ThebYunyan Pagoda, an inclined tower.

[edit] Notable people from Suzhou

Canal in Suzhou
Canal in Suzhou

[edit] Quotes

A exhibition of Bonsai/Penjing in one of the gardens in Suzhou.
A exhibition of Bonsai/Penjing in one of the gardens in Suzhou.
"A very great and noble city... It has 1600 stone bridges under which a galley may pass." - Marco Polo
"Capital of Silk", "Land of Abundance", "Gusu city", "Oriental Venice", "Venice of the East"(because of its numerous canals), "Cradle of the Wu Culture", and "World of Gardens" - nicknames of Suzhou
"In heaven, there is paradise. On earth, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou." - Chinese saying
"Born in Suzhou, live in Hangzhou, eat in Guangzhou, and die in Liuzhou." - Chinese saying.
This saying is also heard as "Marry in Suzhou..." because it is said that Suzhou is the birthplace and home of the most beautiful people in China.
"Beautiful or not beautiful, nothing is more beautiful than the waters of Taihu. Related or not related, we are all the people of the same village." - Chinese saying

[edit] Education

Public institutions having full-time Bachelor's degree programs include

Postgraduate Institution

  • Suzhou Graduate Town (National University of Singapore and Fudan Joint Graduate School, Nanjing University Graduate School, etc.)

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:


Prefecture-level divisions of Jiangsu
Sub-provincial cities: Nanjing
Prefecture-level cities: Changzhou | Huai'an | Lianyungang | Nantong | Suqian
Suzhou | Taizhou | Wuxi | Xuzhou | Yancheng | Yangzhou | Zhenjiang
List of Jiangsu County-level divisions



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