Thorne system (1992)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system (1992) of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920- ). He replaced it in 2000 with a new system. These two systems were published in:
- R.F. Thorne (1968). "Synopsis of a putative phylogenetic classification of flowering plants". Aliso 6(4): 57–66.
- R.F. Thorne (1992). "Classification and geography of flowering plants". Botanical Review 58: 225–348.
- R.F. Thorne (1992). "An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants". Aliso 13: 365–389.
- R.F. Thorne (2000). "The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae". Botanical Review 66: 441–647.
The system is available online at two sites. Firstly, at the Center for the Study of Digital Libraries Texas A&M (CSDL, Texas). Secondly in the 1999 lecture notes by J.L. Reveal, at that time a professor at the Norton Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland (1, 2, 3; with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system). According to the latter site the main groups in the system are:
- class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms ]
- subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons ]
- superorder Magnolianae
- superorder Nymphaeanae
- superorder Rafflesianae
- superorder Caryophyllanae
- superorder Theanae
- superorder Celastranae
- superorder Malvanae
- superorder Violanae
- superorder Santalanae
- superorder Geranianae
- superorder Rutanae
- superorder Proteanae
- superorder Rosanae
- superorder Cornanae
- superorder Asteranae
- superorder Solananae
- superorder Loasanae
- superorder Myrtanae
- superorder Gentiananae
- subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons ]
- superorder Lilianae
- superorder Hydatellanae
- superorder Triuridanae
- superorder Aranae
- superorder Cyclanthanae
- superorder Pandananae
- superorder Arecanae
- superorder Commelinanae
- subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons ]
The Thorne system (1992) counts 440 families and 69 orders:
- class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms ]
- subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons ]
- superorder Magnolianae
- order Magnoliales
- family Winteraceae
- family Illiciaceae
- family Schisandraceae
- family Magnoliaceae
- family Degeneriaceae
- family Himantandraceae
- family Eupomatiaceae
- family Annonaceae
- family Aristolochiaceae
- family Myristicaceae
- family Canellaceae
- family Austrobaileyaceae
- family Amborellaceae
- family Trimeniaceae
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Monimiaceae
- family Gomortegaceae
- family Calycanthaceae
- family Lauraceae
- family Hernandiaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Saururaceae
- family Piperaceae
- order Ceratophyllales
- family Ceratophyllaceae
- order Nelumbonales
- family Nelumbonaceae
- order Paeoniales
- family Paeoniaceae
- family Glaucidiaceae
- order Berberidales
- family Menispermaceae
- family Lardizabalaceae
- family Sargentodoxaceae
- family Berberidaceae
- family Hydrastidaceae
- family Ranunculaceae
- family Circaeasteraceae
- family Papaveraceae
- order Magnoliales
- superorder Nymphaeanae
- order Nymphaeales
- family Cabombaceae
- family Nymphaeaceae
- order Nymphaeales
- superorder Rafflesianae
- order Rafflesiales
- family Hydnoraceae
- family Rafflesiaceae
- order Rafflesiales
- superorder Caryophyllanae
- order Caryophyllales
- family Caryophyllaceae
- family Portulacaceae
- family Hectorellaceae
- family Basellaceae
- family Didiereaceae
- family Cactaceae
- family Phytolaccaceae
- family Petiveriaceae
- family Agdestidaceae
- family Barbeuiaceae
- family Achatocarpaceae
- family Stegnospermataceae
- family Nyctaginaceae
- family Aizoaceae
- family Halophytaceae
- family Molluginaceae
- family Chenopodiaceae
- family Amaranthaceae
- order Caryophyllales
- superorder Theanae
- order Theales
- family Dilleniaceae
- family Actinidiaceae
- family Paracryphiaceae
- family Stachyuraceae
- family Theaceae
- family Asteropeiaceae
- family Tetrameristaceae
- family Pellicieraceae
- family Chrysobalanaceae
- family Symplocaceae
- family Caryocaraceae
- family Marcgraviaceae
- family Oncothecaceae
- family Aquifoliaceae
- family Phellinaceae
- family Sphenostemonaceae
- family Sarraceniaceae
- family Pentaphylacaceae
- family Clethraceae
- family Cyrillaceae
- family Ochnaceae
- family Quiinaceae
- family Scytopetalaceae
- family Medusagynaceae
- family Strasburgeriaceae
- family Ancistrocladaceae
- family Dioncophyllaceae
- family Nepenthaceae
- family Bonnetiaceae
- family Clusiaceae
- family Elatinaceae
- family Lecythidaceae
- order Ericales
- family Ericaceae
- family Epacridaceae
- family Empetraceae
- order Fouquieriales
- family Fouquieriaceae
- order Styracales
- family Ebenaceae
- family Lissocarpaceae
- family Sapotaceae
- family Styracaceae
- order Primulales
- family Theophrastaceae
- family Myrsinaceae
- family Primulaceae
- family Plumbaginaceae
- order Polygonales
- family Polygonaceae
- order Theales
- superorder Celastranae
- order Celastrales
- family Celastraceae
- family Goupiaceae
- family Lophopyxidaceae
- family Stackhousiaceae
- family Corynocarpaceae
- order Celastrales
- superorder Malvanae
- order Malvales
- family Sterculiaceae
- family Huaceae
- family Elaeocarpaceae
- family Plagiopteraceae
- family Tiliaceae
- family Monotaceae
- family Dipterocarpaceae
- family Sarcolaenaceae
- family Sphaerosepalaceae
- family Bombacaceae
- family Malvaceae
- order Urticales
- family Ulmaceae
- family Moraceae
- family Cecropiaceae
- family Barbeyaceae
- family Urticaceae
- family Cannabaceae
- order Rhamnales
- family Rhamnaceae
- family Elaeagnaceae
- order Euphorbiales
- family Euphorbiaceae
- family Aextoxicaceae
- family Simmondsiaceae
- family Dichapetalaceae
- family Gonystylaceae
- family Thymelaeaceae
- order Malvales
- superorder Violanae
- order Violales
- family Bixaceae
- family Cochlospermaceae
- family Cistaceae
- family Violaceae
- family Flacourtiaceae
- family Physenaceae
- family Lacistemataceae
- family Salicaceae
- family Dipentodontaceae
- family Peridiscaceae
- family Scyphostegiaceae
- family Passifloraceae
- family Turneriaceae
- family Malesherbiaceae
- family Achariaceae
- family Caricaceae
- family Tamaricaceae
- family Frankeniaceae
- family Cucurbitaceae
- family Begoniaceae
- family Datiscaceae
- order Brassicales
- family Resedaceae
- family Capparaceae
- family Brassicaceae
- family Salvadoraceae
- family Gyrostemonaceae
- order Batales
- family Bataceae
- order Violales
- superorder Santalanae
- order Santalales
- family Olacaceae
- family Opiliaceae
- family Medusandraceae
- family Santalaceae
- family Misodendraceae
- family Loranthaceae
- family Eremolepidaceae
- family Viscaceae
- order Balanophorales
- family Balanophoraceae
- family Cynomoriaceae
- order Santalales
- superorder Geranianae
- order Linales
- family Humiriaceae
- family Ctenolophonaceae
- family Hugoniaceae
- family Ixonanthaceae
- family Linaceae
- family Erythroxylaceae
- family Zygophyllaceae
- family Balanitaceae
- order Rhizophorales
- family Rhizophoraceae
- order Geraniales
- family Oxalidaceae
- family Geraniaceae
- family Balsaminaceae
- family Tropaeolaceae
- family Limnanthaceae
- order Polygalales
- family Malpighiaceae
- family Trigoniaceae
- family Vochysiaceae
- family Polygalaceae
- family Krameriaceae
- order Linales
- superorder Rutanae
- order Rutales
- family Rutaceae
- family Rhabdodendraceae
- family Cneoraceae
- family Simaroubaceae
- family Picramniaceae
- family Ptaeroxylaceae
- family Meliaceae
- family Burseraceae
- family Anacardiaceae
- family Leitneriaceae
- family Tepuianthaceae
- family Coriariaceae
- family Sapindaceae
- family Sabiaceae
- family Melianthaceae
- family Akaniaceae
- family Bretschneideraceae
- family Moringaceae
- family Surianaceae
- family Connaraceae
- family Fabaceae
- order Rutales
- superorder Proteanae
- order Proteales
- family Proteaceae
- order Proteales
- superorder Rosanae
- order Hamamelidales
- family Trochodendraceae
- family Eupteleaceae
- family Cercidiphyllaceae
- family Platanaceae
- family Hamamelidaceae
- order Casuarinales
- family Casuarinaceae
- order Balanopales
- family Buxaceae
- family Didymelaceae
- family Daphniphyllaceae
- family Balanopaceae
- order Bruniales
- family Roridulaceae
- family Bruniaceae
- family Geissolomataceae
- family Grubbiaceae
- family Myrothamnaceae
- family Hydrostachyaceae
- order Juglandales
- family Rhoipteleaceae
- family Juglandaceae
- family Myricaceae
- order Betulales
- family Ticodendraceae
- family Betulaceae
- family Nothofagaceae
- family Fagaceae
- order Rosales
- family Rosaceae
- family Neuradaceae
- family Crossosomataceae
- family Anisophylleaceae
- order Saxifragales
- family Tetracarpaeaceae
- family Crassulaceae
- family Cephalotaceae
- family Penthoraceae
- family Saxifragaceae
- family Francoaceae
- family Grossulariaceae
- family Vahliaceae
- family Eremosynaceae
- family Lepuropetalaceae
- family Parnassiaceae
- family Stylidiaceae
- family Droseraceae
- family Greyiaceae
- family Diapensiaceae
- order Podostemales
- family Podostemaceae
- order Cunoniales
- family Cunoniaceae
- family Davidsoniaceae
- family Staphyleaceae
- order Hamamelidales
- superorder Cornanae
- order Hydrangeales
- family Hydrangeaceae
- family Escalloniaceae
- family Carpodetaceae
- family Griseliniaceae
- family Alseuosmiaceae
- family Montiniaceae
- family Brexiaceae
- family Columelliaceae
- family Desfontainiaceae
- order Cornales
- family Vitaceae
- family Gunneraceae
- family Haloragaceae
- family Cornaceae
- family Curtisiaceae
- family Alangiaceae
- family Garryaceae
- family Aucubaceae
- family Aralidiaceae
- family Eucommiaceae
- family Icacinaceae
- family Metteniusaceae
- family Cardiopteridaceae
- family Peripterygiaceae
- order Pittosporales
- family Pittosporaceae
- family Byblidaceae
- family Tremandraceae
- order Araliales
- family Helwingiaceae
- family Torricelliaceae
- family Araliaceae
- family Hydrocotylaceae
- family Apiaceae
- order Dipsacales
- family Caprifoliaceae
- family Adoxaceae
- family Valerianaceae
- family Triplostegiaceae
- family Dipsacaceae
- family Morinaceae
- order Hydrangeales
- superorder Asteranae
- order Asterales
- family Calyceraceae
- family Asteraceae
- order Campanulales
- family Menyanthaceae
- family Pentaphragmataceae
- family Sphenocleaceae
- family Campanulaceae
- family Goodeniaceae
- order Asterales
- superorder Solananae
- order Solanales
- family Solanaceae
- family Duckeodendraceae
- family Goetzeaceae
- family Nolanaceae
- family Convolvulaceae
- family Hydrophyllaceae
- family Boraginaceae
- family Hoplestigmataceae
- family Lennoaceae
- family Tetrachondraceae
- family Polemoniaceae
- order Solanales
- superorder Loasanae
- order Loasales
- family Loasaceae
- order Loasales
- superorder Myrtanae
- order Myrtales
- family Lythraceae
- family Alzateaceae
- family Rhynchocalycaceae
- family Penaeaceae
- family Oliniaceae
- family Trapaceae
- family Crypteroniaceae
- family Melastomataceae
- family Combretaceae
- family Onagraceae
- family Myrtaceae
- order Myrtales
- superorder Gentiananae
- order Gentianales
- family Loganiaceae
- family Rubiaceae
- family Dialypetalanthaceae
- family Apocynaceae
- family Gentianaceae
- family Saccifoliaceae
- order Scrophulariales
- family Oleaceae
- family Buddlejaceae
- family Stilbaceae
- family Bignoniaceae
- family Pedaliaceae
- family Martyniaceae
- family Myoporaceae
- family Scrophulariaceae
- family Gesneriaceae
- family Globulariaceae
- family Plantaginaceae
- family Lentibulariaceae
- family Acanthaceae
- family Callitrichaceae
- family Hippuridaceae
- family Verbenaceae
- family Phrymaceae
- family Symphoremataceae
- family Nesogenaceae
- family Avicenniaceae
- family Lamiaceae
- order Gentianales
- superorder Magnolianae
- subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons ]
- superorder Lilianae
- order Liliales
- family Melanthiaceae
- family Campynemataceae
- family Alstroemeriaceae
- family Colchicaceae
- family Liliaceae
- family Trilliaceae
- family Iridaceae
- order Burmanniales
- family Burmanniaceae
- family Corsiaceae
- order Asparagales
- family Asparagaceae
- family Luzuriagaceae
- family Asphodelaceae
- family Aphyllanthaceae
- family Phormiaceae
- family Tecophilaeaceae
- family Lanariaceae
- family Hemerocallidaceae
- family Asteliaceae
- family Hanguanaceae
- family Agavaceae
- family Hostaceae
- family Blandfordiaceae
- family Dasypogonaceae
- family Xanthorrhoeaceae
- family Ixioliriaceae
- family Hyacinthaceae
- family Alliaceae
- family Amaryllidaceae
- family Hypoxidaceae
- family Velloziaceae
- family Cyanastraceae
- family Eriospermaceae
- order Dioscoreales
- family Philesiaceae
- family Rhipogonaceae
- family Petermanniaceae
- family Smilacaceae
- family Dioscoreaceae
- family Trichopodaceae
- family Stemonaceae
- family Taccaceae
- order Orchidales
- family Orchidaceae
- order Liliales
- superorder Hydatellanae
- order Hydatellales
- family Hydatellaceae
- order Hydatellales
- superorder Triuridanae
- order Triuridales
- family Triuridaceae
- order Triuridales
- superorder Alismatanae
- order Alismatales
- family Butomaceae
- family Alismataceae
- family Hydrocharitaceae
- order Potamogetonales
- family Aponogetonaceae
- family Scheuchzeriaceae
- family Juncaginaceae
- family Potamogetonaceae
- family Posidoniaceae
- family Cymodoceaceae
- family Zannichelliaceae
- family Zosteraceae
- order Alismatales
- superorder Aranae
- superorder Cyclanthanae
- order Cyclanthales
- family Cyclanthaceae
- order Cyclanthales
- superorder Pandananae
- order Pandanales
- family Pandanaceae
- order Pandanales
- superorder Arecanae
- superorder Commelinanae
- order Bromeliales
- family Bromeliaceae
- order Philydrales
- family Philydraceae
- family Pontederiaceae
- family Haemodoraceae
- order Typhales
- family Typhaceae
- order Zingiberales
- family Musaceae
- family Strelitziaceae
- family Lowiaceae
- family Heliconiaceae
- family Zingiberaceae
- family Costaceae
- family Cannaceae
- family Marantaceae
- order Commelinales
- family Rapateaceae
- family Xyridaceae
- family Commelinaceae
- family Mayacaceae
- family Eriocaulaceae
- order Juncales
- family Thurniaceae
- family Juncaceae
- family Cyperaceae
- order Poales
- family Flagellariaceae
- family Joinvilleaceae
- family Restionaceae
- family Ecdeiocoleaceae
- family Centrolepidaceae
- family Poaceae
- order Bromeliales
- superorder Lilianae
- subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons ]
