傘兵
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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本條目正在從en:Paratrooper翻譯成中文。 歡迎您積極參與翻譯與修訂，目前已翻譯50%。 |
Paratroopers are soldiers trained in parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. Paratroopers offer a tactical advantage as they can be inserted into the battlefield from the air, thereby allowing them to be positioned in areas not accessible by land. This ability to enter the battle from different locations allows paratroopers to evade fortifications that are in place to prevent attack from a specific direction, and the possible use of paratroopers forces an army to spread their defenses to protect other areas which would normally be safe by virtue of the geography. This ideology was first practically applied to warfare by the Soviets. During WWII, however, they were overstretched in their battle with Germany and the elite paratroopers were mainly used on land. Paratroopers were first used extensively in World War II (and in German service, were referred to as Fallschirmjäger.) A common use for paratroopers is to establish an airhead.
1927年，苏军使用运输机在中亚细亚地区空投部队，一举歼灭了巴土马赤匪徒等叛乱分子，是第一次出现的空降战。1930年，苏军空降兵正式建立世界上第一支正式的伞兵部队。第二次世界大战中，苏联，德国和美国都多次运用空降兵。歷史上最大規模的一次空降作戰，是1944年在歐洲戰場上進行的市場花園作戰，當時美軍投入了第82空降師與第101空降師，英國亦投入第1空降師，企圖奪取在德國控制下的安恆大橋，最後以失敗告終。
