克里斯多佛·雷恩
维基百科，自由的百科全书
克里斯多佛·雷恩，1711年奈勒（Godfrey Kneller）繪
克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士（Sir Christopher Wren、1632年10月20日 - 1723年2月25日），英國天文學家、建築師。
目录 |
[编辑] 生平
出生於宗教世家，父親為溫莎（Windsor）副主教，叔父為伊利（Ely）主教，他就讀於威斯敏斯特學院及牛津華德漢學院，學習天文科學，又成於藝術，對繪畫有很高的天份。1666年9月英國發生倫敦大火，燒毀了當時為黑死病所苦的倫敦市。1666年10月1日，建築師雷恩爵士（Sir Christopher Wren）提出了全倫敦市災後的修復方案，受到大地主的反對而未能實現。但是他擔任了災後復興委員會的要員，大舉修護毀損文物，他重建了51座教堂，其中的聖保羅大教堂工程從1675年開始重建，直到1710年才告完工，共花費了75萬英鎊。他參與的建築工程還包括皇家的肯辛頓宮、漢普頓宮、紀念碑、皇家交易所、格林威治天文臺。最後他在距起火點普丁巷61公尺處設立了一個紀念碑（The Monument），高61.5公尺，共有311階，頂端為火焰飾圍繞的圓球。1723年去世，死後葬於聖保羅教堂。
[编辑] 主要建設
[编辑] 禮堂
- Pembroke College Chapel, Cambridge
- Emmanuel College Chapel, Cambridge
- Catholic Chapel, Whitehall Palace
[编辑] 教堂
半毀
- St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe, London
- St Andrew, Holborn, London
- St Anne and St Agnes, Gresham Street, London
- St Benet Fink, Threadneedle Street, London
- St Benet Paul's Wharf, Queen Victoria Street, London
- St Bride, Fleet Street, London
- St Clement Danes, Strand, Westminster
- St Clement Eastcheap, London
- St Dunstan in the East, London
- St Edmund the King, Lombard Street, London
- St James Garlickhythe, Garlick Hill, London
- St James's Piccadilly, Westminster
- St Lawrence Jewry, London
- St Magnus Martyr, Lower Thames Street, London
- St Margaret Pattens, London
- St Margaret, Lothbury, London
- St Martin Ludgate, London
- St Mary Abchurch, London
- St Mary Aldermary, Bow Lane, London
- St Mary-at-Hill, Thames Street, London
- St Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, London
- St Michael, Cornhill, London (tower and upper half of main building)
- St Michael, Paternoster Royal, College Hill, London
- St Nicholas, Cole Abbey, London
- St Paul's Cathedral
- St Peter upon Cornhill, Cornhill, London
- St Stephen Walbrook, London
- St Vedast alias Foster, Foster Lane, London
- Enlarged the Protestant Church in the Savoy, London
- Ingestre Church, Staffordshire
全毀
- All Hallows the Great, Lombard Street, London
- All Hallows, Bread Street, London
- All Hallows, Lombard Street, London
- Christ Church Newgate, Newgate Street, London
- St Alban, Wood Street, London
- St Anne's Church, Soho
- St Antholin, Watling Street, London
- St Augustine with St Faith, Watling Street, London
- St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange, Exchange, London
- St Benet, Gracechurch Street, London
- St Christopher-le-Stocks, Threadneedle Street, London
- St Dionis Backchurch, Fenchurch Street, London
- St George, Botolph Lane, London
- St Mary Aldermanbury*, London
- St Mary Magdalene, Old Fish Street, London
- St Mary Somerset, Thames Street, London
- St Matthew, Friday Street, London
- St Michael Queenhithe, Upper Thames Street, London
- St Michael, Crooked Lane, London
- St Michael, Wood Street, London
- St Mildred, Bread Street, London
- St Mildred, Poultry, London
- St Olave Old Jewry, London
- St Stephen Coleman, Coleman Street, London
- St Swithin London Stone, Cannon Street, London
[编辑] 學校宿舍
- Garden Quadrangle, Trinity College, Oxford
- Williamson Building, The Queen's College, Oxford
[编辑] 法院
- Court House, Windsor
[编辑] Gateways & entrances
- Temple Bar, London
- Tom Tower, Christ Church, Oxford
[编辑] 政府行政機關
- The Custom House, London
- The Navy Office, Seething Lane, London
[编辑] 警衛室
- Guard House, Windsor Castle
[编辑] 醫院
- The Royal Hospital, Chelsea
- Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich
- Morden College, Blackheath, London (like Greenwich Hospital intended as a retirement home, but for retired merchants rather than sailors)
[编辑] 房屋
- Tring Manor House, Hertfordshire
- Thoresby House, Nottinghamshire
- Bridgewater Square Development, London
- Winslow Hall, Buckinghamshire
- Marlborough House, St James's, London
- 2 King's Bench Walk, Inner Temple, London
[编辑] 圖書館
- Lincoln Cathedral Library, Lincoln
- The Wren Library of Trinity College, Cambridge
[编辑] 紀念碑
- The Monument, Fish Street Hill, London
[编辑] Observatories & scientific buildings
- The Royal Observatory, Greenwich
- Repository, Royal Society, Crane Court, Fleet Street, London
[编辑] 宮庭
- Winchester Palace, Winchester
- Catholic Chapel, Council Chamber and Privy Gallery, Whitehall Palace
- Queen's Apartment and Terraced Garden, Whitehall Palace
- South and East Ranges, Hampton Court Palace
- Reconstruction of Kensington Palace
[编辑] 學校與學院
- Upper School, Eton College, Berkshire
- Writing School, Christ's Hospital, London
- St John Moore's School, Appleby, Leicestershire
- The Wren Building of the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
[编辑] 戲院
- Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford (not for plays but for concerts and University ceremonies)
- Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (since replaced)
