俄罗斯联邦主体

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俄罗斯是由89个联邦主体（俄语：субъе́кт(ы)）组成的一个联邦国家。

Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. subyekt). These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:

[编辑] 俄罗斯联邦行政地图

Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:

	21 自治共和国 (республики, sing. республика; respubliki, sing. respublika)—nominally autonomous, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is supposedly home to a specific ethnic minority.
	48 州 (oblast) (области, sing. область; oblasti, sing. oblast)—most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after the oblast center—the largest city in the oblast, its administrative center.
	7 边疆区 (krai) (края, sing. край; kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being less common)—similar to oblasts but usually more peripheral.
	1 自治州 (автономная область; avtonomnaya oblast).
	9 俄罗斯民族自治区 (автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug)—more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
	2 俄罗斯联邦直辖市 (cities under direct jurisdiction of the Federation) (федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod)—major cities that function as separate regions.

[编辑] 联邦主体的合并

There are plans to merge many of these subjects into larger territories, starting in 2005. The first new one to be formed will be the Perm Krai, comprising the current Perm Oblast and the Autonomous District of the Komi-Permyaks. The merger was approved by referendum on 7 December 2003; the new territory is scheduled to come into being on December 1 2005. The second one will be a merger of the Autonomous districts of the Evenks and the Taymyrs and the Krasnoyarsk Krai, incorporating the two former into the latter. This decision was approved by referendum on 17 April 2005, and the merger is to take place on January 1 2007.

On 23 October 2005, a referendum is to be held on the merger of the Kamchatka Oblast and the Autonomous District of Koryakia.

Other proposals include:

• merging the Irkutsk Oblast with the Autonomous District of the Ust-Ordinsk Buryats into an Irkutsk Krai;
• merging the Tyumen Oblast with the Yamal Nenetses into a Tyumen Krai;
• merging the Chita Oblast with the Autonomous District of the Aga Buryats;
• merging the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg with the oblasts surrounding them (Moscow and Leningrad Oblast, respectively));
• and even merging the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts, the Komi Republic and the Autonomous District of the Nenetses into a proposed Northern/Arctic Krai or a Republic of Pomor-Nenetses.

[编辑] 相关条目

• 俄罗斯行政区划

俄罗斯行政区划

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