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氰化钾

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氰化钾
化学式 KCN
摩尔质量 65.12 g/mol
CAS number [151-50-8]
EINECS number 205-792-3
密度 1.52 g/cm3
溶解度 (water) 71.6 g/100 ml (25°C)
沸点 634°C
Thermodynamic data
Standard enthalpy
of formation Δfsolid
−131.5 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy
solid
127.8 J.K–1.mol–1
Safety data
EU classification Very toxic (T+)
Dangerous for
the environment (N)
R-phrases R26/27/28, R32
R50/53
S-phrases S1/2, S7, S28, S29
S45, S60, S61
PEL (US: OSHA) 5 mg/m3 (TWA)
(as CN)
IDLH (US: OSHA) 25 mg/m3
(as CN)
RTECS number TS8750000
Disclaimer and references

氰化钾 (分子式:KCN)是氰化氢的钾盐。 它无色、有杏仁味、外观与糖相似并且易溶于水。 尽管有剧毒, 它是能与元素组成可溶化合物的极少数物质之一,因而它被用于珠宝的镀金和抛光。有时也用于采取化学萃取法淘金的金矿开采。(尽管 氰化钠 被应用的更普遍)。直到二十世纪七十年代,它有时还被用作老鼠药

目录

[编辑] 生理反应

像所有的氰化物一样,氰化钾是生理上有效力的劇毒。它透過與原子在 细胞色素中的亚铁血红素 上形成的 永久性绑定,阻止了细胞电子转移鏈的組成。 造成的结果就是使呼吸 丧失.

氰化钾对机体的作用与氰化钠相似. 一旦摄入 100–200 mg 的氰化钾后,意识会在1分钟,甚至10秒内丧失, 这取决于身体的免疫力的强弱和胃中所剩余的食物的多少. 在之后的45分钟左右内, 中毒者会陷入昏迷 或深度睡眠并且会因在两小时内得不到有效治疗而死亡. 在这个过程中,会出现抽搐的症状. 死亡原因多为心脏停止跳动.

[编辑] 解毒

国际化学品安全方案(化学品安全/中电联评价解毒系列). 這個测量名單列舉了以下的解毒劑和它們的效用: 氧氣,硫代硫酸钠、亞硝酸異戊酯 , 亚硝酸钠, 4-二甲,羟基钴、钴化合物(依地酸二钴), 以及其他几个[1]. 其他常用推荐的办法解毒,方案A和方案B.(溶液硫酸亚铁水柠檬酸、碳酸钠水溶液)、戊亚硝酸盐.

英国卫生安全局曾建议禁止使用办法A和B由于其保存期有限,有可能造成铁中毒,使用受限(只有在有效氰化物吞食,而中毒的主要方式是皮肤接触和摄入). 健康安全的质疑,也有用硝酸戊由于存货/供应问题,遭受虐待、缺乏证据显着的好处,而不推荐依地酸二钴.[2].

[编辑] 葡萄糖

Template:Sectfact There is evidence from animal experiments that coadministration of glucose protects against cobalt toxicity associated with the antidote agent dicobalt edetate. For this reason, glucose is often administered alongside this agent (e.g. in the formulation 'Kelocyanor').

It has also been anecdotally suggested that glucose is itself an effective counteragent to cyanide, reacting with it to form less toxic compounds that can be eliminated by the body. One theory on the apparent immunity of Gregory Rasputin to cyanide was that his killers put the poison in sweet pastries and madeira wine, both of which are rich in sugar; thus, Rasputin would have been administered the poison together with massive quantities of antidote. One study found a reduction in cyanide toxicity in mice when the cyanide was first mixed with glucose[3]. However, as yet glucose on its own is not an officially acknowledged antidote to cyanide poisoning.

[编辑] 自杀

氰化钾有时让人联想到自杀. 它曾经用在士兵身上,以使得他们能够从敌人残酷的拷打中解脱而不至于泄漏军事机密。 纳粹德国赫尔曼·戈林阿道夫·希特勒以及海因里希·希姆莱是使用氰化钾胶囊或者药丸自杀的著名的例子(希特勒在自杀时同时使用了手枪)。

[编辑] 在漫画中的氰化钾

Potassium cyanide plays an important role in the Swedish classic novel Doctor Glas by Hjalmar Söderberg.

It is also used to kill two people in And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie

[编辑] 参看

[编辑] 外部链接

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu