Albert Bandura
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Albert Bandura (born December 4, 1925 in Mundare, Canada) is a Ukrainian-Canadian psychologist most famous for his work on social learning theory (or Social Cognitivism) and self efficacy. He is particularly noted for the Bobo doll experiment. Bandura graduated at the University of British Columbia, and then obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1952.
He has spent much of his career at Stanford University, where he was soon (1965) joined by fellow psychologist and researcher Walter Mischel and has been elected as the president of the American Psychological Association (1974). He has received various awards and honours throughout his career including the William James Award from the Association for Psychological Science and the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award from the American Psychological Association.
[edit] Modeling
Under Bandura, there were a few ways in which one learns. One of these is modeling. In this case learning is done by observing others behavior through reinforcement. Positive or negative reinforcement can be displayed or duplicated. This model of learning technique can be enriched by a number of practices. One, being if the behavior that one is setting is catching the attention of the observer. Another is if the observer is retaining the action of the model and actually following the model to produce a change of behavior. Lastly, if the observer is displaying the actions of the model they are presented with the right reinforcement to continue this behavior. Bandura believed that this was on a basis of P, B, E. P is for the person and what they are thinking. B is for the behavior and what they are doing. E is for the environment and the interactions with the world and society. P, B, E all of these interact with each other and will question one another in the real world society. Bandura referred to this as triadic reciprocal determinism is his 1989 work "Social Cognitive Theory." Behavior, cognitive factors, and the environment all interact in a continuous reciprocal relationship. This concept implies that you must examine all components if you want to completely understand human behavior, personality, and social ecology. He also had a theory of "self-efficacy" which is the belief that one can perform adequately in a particular sitaution. Your sense of self efficacy influences your perceptions, motivation, and performance in many ways. There are several self-efficacy judgements: 1) vicarious experience- your observations of the performance of others 2) persuasion- others may convince you that you can do something, or you may convince yourself 3) Monitoring of emotional arousal- you may convince yourself to think about it as you appraoch a task ie: anxiety suggest low expectations of efficacy; excitement suggests expectations of success
[edit] External link
[edit] References
- Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.)(2003). Educational psychology: A century of contributions. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum.
- Bandura, A. (1989). Social Cognitive Theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development, Vol. 6. Six theories of child development (pp. 1-60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
| Preceded by Leona Tyler |
President of the | Succeeded by Donald Campbell |
