Angiopathy
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| ICD-10 | E10.5, E11.5, E12.5, E13.5, E14.5 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 250.7 |
Angiopathy is the generic term for a disease of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The best known and most prevalent angiopathy is the diabetic angiopathy, a complication that may occur in chronic diabetes.
There are two types of angiopathy: macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. In macroangiopathy, fat and blood clots build up in the large blood vessels, stick to the vessel walls, and block the flow of blood. In microangiopathy, the walls of the smaller blood vessels become so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood through the body. The decrease of blood flow through stenosis or clot formation impair the flow of oxygen to cells and biological tissues (called ischemia) and lead to their death (necrosis and gangrene, which in turn may require amputation). Thus, tissues which are very sensitive to oxygen levels, such as the retina, develop microangiopathy and may cause blindness (so-called proliferative diabetic retinopathy). Damage to nerve cells may cause peripheral neuropathy, and to kidney cells, diabetic nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome).
Macroangiopathy, on the other hand, may cause other complications, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease which contributes to the diabetic foot ulcers and the risk of amputation.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of adult kidney failure worldwide. It also the most common cause of amputation in the US, usually toes and feet, often as a result of gangrene, and almost always as a result of peripheral vascular disease. Retinal damage (from microangiopathy) makes it the most common cause of blindness among non-elderly adults in the US.
"Diabetic dermopathy" is a manifestation of diabetic angiopathy. It is often found on the shin.
There is also Neuropathy; also associated with diabetes mellitus; type 1 and 2.
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thyroid Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease, Toxic multinodular goitre) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis)
pancreas Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
parathyroid Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary hyperparathyroidism, Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Tertiary hyperparathyroidism)
pituitary hyperfunction (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) - Hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Simmonds' disease, Growth hormone deficiency) - Diabetes insipidus - Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
adrenal Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism
gonads Polycystic ovary syndrome - 5-alpha-reductase deficiency - Hypogonadism - Delayed puberty - Precocious puberty
other Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Laron syndrome - Psychogenic dwarfism - Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Progeria
