Dormitory
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In the US, dormitory typically refers to sleeping quarters or buildings primarily housing sleeping quarters for large numbers of people, often boarding school and college students. The UK equivalent is Halls of Residence.
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[edit] College and university dormitories
Most colleges and universities provide (usually for a fee) single or multiple occupancy rooms for their students. These buildings consist of many such rooms, like an apartment building, and the number of rooms varies quite widely from just a few to hundreds. The largest dormitory building is Bancroft Hall at the United States Naval Academy.
College and university dormitory rooms vary in size, shape, facilities and number of occupants. Typically, a US dorm room holds two students with no bathroom. This is usually referred to as a "double." Often, dormitories have communal bathroom facilities.
Many colleges and universities no longer recognize the word "dorm" and are now using the term residence hall (UK: halls of residence) instead. This is promoted by residence life staff that the term "residence hall" better describes a living and learning community that is part of the larger academic institution. When the word "dorm" was first adapted for universities and colleges, the atmosphere of the buildings were just a place for students to sleep. Often times students had a curfew to be in the building for "lights out" and a "dorm mother" was in charge of running the building. This is no longer true as residence halls today provide a better and more inclusive community for residents. Things such as cafeterias, academic centers, active and passive programming, resident assistants, and hall coordinators have given a new experience to living on campus. Students applying to be resident assistants quickly learn to not use the word "dorm" when interviewing for the position, as eyebrows of the current staff quickly raise whenever the word is uttered.
In Japan, however, many of the larger companies still offer to their newly graduated freshmen a room in a dormitory. A room in such a dormitory often comes with a communal cook (for the men) or rooms with furnished kitchen blocks (for the women). Usually the employees pay a very small amount of money to enable especially the men to save money to buy a house when they get marrried.
In the U.S., dormitories are most often segregated by gender, with males living in one group of rooms, and females in another. Some dorms are single-sex with varying limits on visits by persons of each gender. For example, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana has a long history of Parietals, or cross-gender visiting hours. Most colleges and universities offer co-ed dorms, where either males and females reside on separate floors but in the same building or where both sexes share a floor but with individual rooms being single sex. In the early 2000s, dorms that allowed people of opposite sexes to share a room became available in public universities. [1]. Some colleges and university co-ed dorms also feature co-ed bathrooms.
Most dorms are much closer to campus than comparable private housing such as apartment buildings. This convenience is a major factor in the choice of where to live since living physically closer to classrooms is often preferred, particularly for first-year students who may not be permitted to park vehicles on campus.
Halls located away from university facilities sometimes have extra amenities such as a recreation room or bar. As with campus located residence halls, these off-campus halls commonly also have Internet facilities, either through a network connection in each student room, a central computer cluster room, or Wi-Fi. Catered halls may charge for food by the meal or through a termly subscription. They may also contain basic kitchen facilities for student use outside catering hours. Most halls contain a laundry room, sometimes overcrowded.
[edit] Sleeping dormitory
In the UK a dormitory has a different meaning, and is used for a room, of varying sizes, with more than one single bed. Examples are found in British boarding schools and many rooming houses such as hostels. In hostels the room typically has very few furnishings except for beds. Such rooms can contain anywhere from three to approx 50 beds (though such very large dormitories are rare except perhaps as military barracks). Such rooms provide little or no privacy for the residents, and very limited storage for personal items in or near the beds.
[edit] Dormitory buildings
In American boarding schools, colleges, and universities, the word dormitory is used to describe the entire building used to house students, although university staff frequently prefer to use the term "residence hall" or simply "hall". In UK universities these buildings are usually called Halls of residence (commonly referred to as halls), except at Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, St Andrews, York, Lancaster and Kent where the residential accommodation is incorporated in each college's complex of buildings, and there is no specific term for it (members of the college who live in its own buildings are usually said to be "living in", or "living in college").
Formerly, many companies in the U.S. and elsewhere housed employees in dormitories. This practice has dwindled, but continues in many other countries. In the Netherlands the law forbids companies to offer housing to their employees, because the government wants to prevent people to end up in a stressful situation in which people, who just lost their job, need to search for different housing too.
Dormitories have replaced barracks at many U.S. military installations.
Typically, these dorm rooms have about 15 by 15 ft (21 square meters) of floor space, and provide the following minimal furnishings:
- Twin XL bed (sometimes in a bunk-bed configuration)
- Desk (frequently with a built-in lamp and phone or internet jack)
- Mirror
- Closet space (sometimes)
- Drawers (clothes storage) (sometimes)
- Window
- Sink with running water (rarely)
Most often, bathrooms are provided for a group of rooms, which provide shower, toilet, and sink facilities. Centralized bathrooms may be provided for an entire floor, or bathrooms may be located between pairs of rooms. Rarely do dormitories provide individual bathrooms.
[edit] Hall governments
At some schools, each residence hall has its own hall council. Where they exist, such individual councils are usually part of a larger organization called, variously, Residence Hall Association, Resident Students Association, or Junior Common Room Committee which typically provides funds and oversees the individual building council. Hall councils plan social events and voice concerns for their residents to the university or college staff responsible for overall management of halls.
[edit] Examples
Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, USA has the largest residence hall system in the United States. 16,000 students live within 23 different undergraduate buildings, 1 graduate hall, and 3 apartment villages. Freshman are required to live on the 45,000+ student campus for at least their first year.[citation needed]
The Watterson Towers at Illinois State University are among the tallest residence halls in the world. The 28-story complex, which was built in 1967 holds over 2,200 students and its buildings are 91 meters tall.
New York University in Manhattan has the largest freshman residence hall in the United States. Third North, located on Third Avenue, houses 931 freshman in three towers on 13 floors per tower.
Dobie Center, an off-campus, 27-story private dormitory next to The University of Texas at Austin, stands at 112 meters. In addition to being a private residence for students, Dobie also contains a 2 story mall, a movie theatre, restaurants, and specialty stores.
The Valkendorfs Kollegium at the University of Copenhagen is a very old dormitory, founded in 1589. Though not as old as some of the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, it is among the oldest dormitories in the world.
The Stone Frigate at Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario was constructed in 1820 to store part of the dismantled fleet from the War of 1812. The former warehouse was converted into a dormitory and classrooms when the college was established in 1874. The Stone Frigate, a designated heritage building, was closed for more than 18 months for major renovations to the interior and exterior of the dormitory.
East Halls at Penn State located in State College, Pennsylvania has the largest dormitory complex in the world.
[edit] Staffing
[edit] USA
University residence halls are normally staffed by a combination of both students and professional residence life staff. Student staff members or Resident Assistants, act as liaisons, counselors, mediators,and policy enforcers. The student staff is supervised by a graduate student or a full-time residence life professional. Staff members frequently arrange programming activities to help residents learn about social and academic life during their college life.
[edit] UK
UK halls often run a similar setup to that in the USA, although the resident academic responsible for the hall is known by the terms of 'warden' and is often supported by wardenial team consisting of vice-wardens, sub-wardens or senior-members. These are often students or academic staff at the relevant university/college. The facilities in the hall are often managed by an individual termed the Bursar.
University halls typically have housekeeping staff to maintain the cleanliness of common rooms including lobbies and bathrooms. Students are normally required to maintain the cleanliness of their own rooms and private or semi-private bathrooms, where offered.
[edit] Correctional dormitories
Housing units in correctional facilities that house more than the one or two prisoners normally held in cells are referred to as "dormitories" as well. Housing arrangements can vary widely. In some cases, correctional dormitories in low-security institutions may almost resemble their academic counterparts, with the obvious differences of being locked at night, being administered by corrections officers, and subject to stricter institutional rules and fewer amenities. In other institutions, dormitories may be large rooms, often converted from other purposes such as gymnasiums in response to overcrowding, in which hundreds of prisoners have bunks and lockers.
[edit] References
[edit] See also
- ACUHO-I
- NACURH
- Watterson Towers
- The Old Dormitories of the University of Copenhagen
- University
- College
- Bedspace
- Residence Hall Association
- Scholarship hall
