Duane Gish

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Duane Tolbert Gish (born February 17, 1921) is an American biochemist, a young earth creationist, former vice-president of the Institute for Creation Research, and debator of evolutionary scientists. Gish is one of the most prominent and outspoken members of the creationist movement.^[1]

Contents 1 Biography 2 Debates 3 Controversy and criticism 4 Quotes 5 Trivia 6 Citations 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External links

[edit] Biography

Gish, a twin, was born in White City, Kansas, the youngest of nine children. He received a BS degree from UCLA in 1949 and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1953. He is the author of several books and articles espousing the tenets of creationism.

Gish was an Assistant Research Associate at Berkeley, and an Assistant Professor at Cornell University Medical College, before joining the Upjohn Company as a Research Associate in 1960. He joined the faculty at San Diego Christian College (originally called Christian Heritage College) in 1971, one year after its inception, and worked for its research division, the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). The ICR became independent in 1981.

Gish initially regarded the Earth's age as irrelevant,^[2] but later became convinced of a Young Earth, in line with other ICR members.^[3] Gish relished debating evolutionary scientists, and has been called "the T.H. Huxley of creationism."^[4]

[edit] Debates

Gish relished scientific debates, and has been called "the T.H. Huxley of creationism."^[5] Gish has frequently debated prominent and well-known evolutionary scientists.

At a debate at the University of Sydney with Professor Ian Plimer from the University of Newcastle in 1985, Plimer refused to argue genteelly, and instead viewed the debate as political and not scientific.^[6] Gish described the debate as "the most disgusting performance I've ever witnessed in my life."^[6] According to observers, Plimer debated in a street-fighting manner.^[6]

“

For more than 20 blistering minutes, Professor Plimer mocked, ridiculed, and challenged every tenet the movement holds dear, and made a string of blunt personal allegations about some of its more prominent members. At one point he even donned insulating gloves, took a live electric wire and offered Dr. Gish the opportunity to electrocute himself.[6]

”

Gish responded to the electrocution challenge by contrasting the testability of electricity with the "untestability" of evolution.^{[citation needed]} Plimer claimed victory.^{[citation needed]}

Critics object to the often unstructured nature of the debates, what they call a "shotgun" approach to presenting many arguments, bouncing from one issue to another by continually throwing out new claims without bothering to answer previous objections, each of which would require considerable time and information to refute, a technique which has been referred to as the "Gish gallop." [1] [2] [3] Another criticism is that creationists "load" the audience with supporters, although Gish has debated in front of hostile university audiences too.^{[citation needed]}

Gish publicly stated he would never debate Professor Plimer again because of Plimer's concentration on abusive ad hominem arguments.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Controversy and criticism

Though his critiques of chemical evolution^[7] are viewed favorably among fellow creationists,^{[citation needed]} they have not found acceptance within the mainstream scientific community.

Richard Trott wrote an article rebutting many of the arguments Duane Gish made during a presentation at Rutgers University in 1994.^[8] Trott wrote that "if Gish is one of the world's leading experts" on creation science then "evolutionary scientists have nothing to fear from [creation] science."

Trott has pointed out that Gish has "stated that there are no fossil precursors to the dinosaur Triceratops... for at least 12 years now," but this "is absolutely untrue." In fact, ceratopsian precursors of Triceratops include, "for example, Monoclonius and Protoceratops."^[8] Furthermore, "this lineage appears in proper sequence in the fossil record" and "shows the expected developmental change in body size, size of the bony frill, and number of horns." Trott concludes "unfortunately, it is likely that none of Gish's audience was aware that his statement was completely contrary to fact. Gish promulgated similar falsehoods about the fossil record all night long."^[8]

Trott also claimed that Gish "emphasized that there were no 'transitional forms' in the fossil record but he did not explain what characteristics he would accept as 'transitional' (with the exception of a ludicrous gloss on what one would expect to see in the horns of Triceratops)."^[8] With bird fossils "Gish has, for example, declared that the reptile-bird transition Archaeopteryx was not a transition because it had feathers and flew and was, therefore, a bird." Trott noted "to make the absurd assertion that Archaeopteryx did not show features of a reptile, Gish must conceal from his audience facts about Archaeopteryx such as that it possessed a pubic peduncle and a long bony tail. These are features found in reptiles that are never found in birds."

Gish also claimed "Lord Solly Zuckerman, writing in 1970 that Australopithecus was probably not an ancestor of Homo sapiens, had more or less all the evidence that we have today."^[8] Trott noted that this statement "showed either incredible ignorance or a stunning lack of integrity" because "the field of physical anthropology underwent a revolution in the 1970s due to new discoveries." Indeed, Zuckerman wrote that his conclusions on Australopithecines were made at least three years before Lucy was discovered, and that he "didn't work with any of the original Australopithecine fossils. His conclusions were based on a cast of one half of the pelvis of a single specimen)."^[8]

Gish claims "that Neanderthals are now accepted as 'fully human Homo sapiens just like you and me.')."^[8] Yet, Trott wrote "Neanderthals were not 'just like you and me,' A Neanderthal had a longer and lower skull, a larger face and larger teeth, no chin or a slight chin, and a massive brow ridge in front of a differently shaped brain, as well as a distinctive skeletal structure."

In 1997 Michael Shermer devoted a partial chapter of his book Why People Believe Weird Things to Gish's arguments. Regarding research Shermer made for a public debate with Gish, Shermer noted that in every debate "Gish delivered the same automated presentation- same opening, same assumptions about his opponent's position, same outdated slides, and even the same jokes." In the debate itself, Shermer opened his argument by explaining at length that he was not an atheist and that he was willing to accept the existence of a divine creator, but Gish's rebuttal concerned itself primarily with proving that Shermer was an atheist and therefore immoral.^[9]

In 2002 Massimo Pigliucci, who debated Gish five times, noted Gish ignores evidence that is contrary to Gish's religious beliefs.^[10] Moreover, Pigliucci criticized the organizations Gish runs, the personal attacks Gish makes, the pseudoscience Gish teaches, and even Gish's claim that Adam in Genesis 1 had a belly button.^[11]

In 2004, Gish appeared on Penn and Teller's Showtime television show Bullshit! on the episode "Creationism." On the show Gish explained that "neither creation nor evolution are scientific theories. Evolution is no more scientific than creation." The scientific proof Gish offered for creationism was that the Grand Canyon was created in one day when a natural dam burst an the resulting floodwaters cut through layer that had been deposited during the Biblical flood that involved Noah's Ark. As for Gish's claim that there are no fossils to demonstrate evolution, Dr Eugenie Scott of the National Center for Science Education noted "part of the problem is Dr. Gish hasn't kept up with the scientific literature." The host, Penn Jillette, concluded that "Duane doesn't want to find anything that will shake up his world view" and "his God lives only in the margins of science and he wants to keep those margins wide."

Scott also noted Gish has done no professional research in his field since his work at Upjohn, instead producing only creationism-related work for a popular audience.

Gish is also one of the creationists most responsible for propragating the false assertion that evolution by natural selection is rendered impossible by the second law of thermodynamics. In addition to the usual scientists' criticisms, this has also received criticism from the comedian Dave Gorman, who personally met Gish during 2003 (see also Trivia below).

[edit] Quotes

• "God used processes which are not now operating anywhere in the natural universe. This is why we refer to divine creation as special creation. We cannot discover by scientific investigation anything about the creative processes used by God." (Evolution: The Fossils Say No, page 42)
• "Neither evolution nor creation qualifies as a scientific theory." (Creation, Evolution, and Public Education)

[edit] Trivia

• Duane Gish is mentioned in the best selling non-fiction book Dave Gorman’s Googlewhack Adventure by the British comedian Dave Gorman. In the book, Gorman had been challenged to find 10 googlewhacks in a row. This journey led him to the googlewhack "Dripstone Ingles," AKA Dr. Gish. However, after Gorman met him, Gish could not comprehend the concept of a googlewhack and that that chain ended with Gish. Coincidentally, Gorman met another Googlewhack, "Hydroids Souvlaki," AKA Dr. M. Dale Stokes, who is a prominent and vocal critic of Dr. Gish. Stokes had even written a paper which debunked a pamphlet which Gish had given Gorman when they met.

[edit] Citations

[edit] References

• Hayward, James L. (1998), The Creation/Evolution Controversy : an Annotated Bibliography, Scarecrow Press/Salem Press, ISBN 0-8108-3386-7
• Numbers, Ronald L. (1992), Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., ISBN 0-679-40104-0

[edit] Bibliography

• The Amazing Story of Creation: From Science and the Bible (1996) ISBN 0-89051-120-9
• The Battle for Creation: Acts, Facts, Impacts, Vol. 2 (1976) ISBN 0-89051-020-2
• Creation Scientists Answer Their Critics (1993) ISBN 0-932766-28-5
• Creationist Research 1964-1988, (1989) ISBN 0-940384-06-X
• Dinosaurs: Those Terrible Lizards (1978) ISBN 0-89051-039-3
• Dinosaurs by Design (1992) ISBN 0-89051-165-9
• Evidence Against Evolution (1972) ISBN 0-8423-0790-7
• Evolution: The Fossils Say No! (1986) ISBN 0-89051-057-1
• Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No! (1995) ISBN 0-89051-112-8
• Manipulating Life, Where Does it Stop: Genetic Engineering (1981) ISBN 0-89051-071-7
• Speculations and Experiments on the Origins of Life (1972) ISBN 0-89051-010-5
• Teaching Creation Science in Public Schools (2000) ISBN 0-932766-36-6
• Up with Creation!: ICR Acts/facts/impacts, 1976-1977 (1978) ISBN 0-89051-048-2

[edit] External links

• Brief biography of Duane Gish
• The Saladin-Gish II Debate (1988)