Livno
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| Livno Ливно |
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| Municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||
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| General Information | |||
| Entity | Federation | ||
| Canton | 10 | ||
| Land area | 994 km² | ||
| Population (2003 census) | 32,454 | ||
| Population density | |||
| Coordinates | |||
| Area code | +387 34 | ||
| Mayor | Luka Čelan (HDZ) | ||
| Website | http://www.livno-online.com | ||
Livno (Cyrillic: Ливно) is a town in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč and Bosansko Grahovo.
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[edit] Demographics
In 2003, the municipality of Livno was populated by 32,454 people (down from 39,526 in 1991).
Ethnic groups in the municipality include:
- 27,244 Croats 83.4% (28,456 or 71.99% in 1991)
- 4,189 Bosniaks 12.9% (5,927 or 15% in 1991)
- 725 Serbs 2.2% (3,782 or 9.57% in 1991)
- 296 others 0.9% (in 1991, there were 1122 Yugoslavs and 239 others)
The city of Livno itself had 10,925 residents in 1991.
[edit] Geography
The territory of the municipality is 994 km². Livno is the center of the canton, both cultural and industrial. It is the biggest city in the canton and the city is situated 730 meters over the sea. The river Bistrica flows through the city Livno and the river itself is 3 km long, which means that it is a very small river. Livno is also situated in the Livno fields which is the largest field in the entire country. The field is situated between the mountains Dinara and Kamesnica in the south, Tusnica in the east, Cincara in the north and Satora in the west. The livno field is 405 km² which is almost a half of the livno municipality.
[edit] Climate
Livno has a stable continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. It is situated between big mountains like Cincar and Kamesnica which make the climate more continental than the climate in Mostar and Capljina for example. The winters in that part of the country is not that cold as it is in Livno.
[edit] History
The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC, and well into the Roman era. Livno celebrates its founding as being September 28, 892 due it being mentioned in a document of the Croatian Duke Mutimir released at that time. Settlement at Livno certainly existed prior to this date as South Slavs arrived to the region over a hundred years before this.
From 1326 until 1463 Livno was part of the Bosnian banate. This changed as the Ottoman Empire invaded and administrated most of Bosnia for the next 400 years. In 1878 Livno came to belong to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by way of the Berlin Congress.
The 20th century was very tumultuous for the region. From 1918 it was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1929 the kingdom was renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia and divided into nine banates (banovine). Livno was divided into the Primorje banate, with its centre in the city of Split. This division brought Livno politically closer to Croatia proper than it had been in over 600 years. In 1939, the banates were further redrawn so that there was a Croatian banate (Banovina Hrvatska) which Livno was also a part of. From 1941 to 1945 Livno was part of the Independent State of Croatia. During this time, renowned Croatian writer Ivan Goran Kovačić wrote his epic poem Jama (The Pit) near the city.
With the end of World War II, Livno was part of Yugoslavia, and again a part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1992 the republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina gained independence, but was the scene of intense ethnic conflict until 1995.
[edit] Miscellaneous
In recent years there has been some debate over whether Livno is part of the historical region of Bosnia, or of Herzegovina. Whatever the case, the city is culturally on the crossroads between Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Recently, however, local courts have ruled that using Herzeg or Herzegovina to describe Canton 10 is unconstitutional and disallowed it on the grounds that no part of the Canton including Livno is a part of Herzegovina.[1]
The city's main landmark is a monument to King Tomislav, who was crowned at the nearby fields of Duvno.
Livno is also known for its cheese, Livanjski Sir or Livno cheese, and that cheese was first made during the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary.
[edit] Sport
The local football club is NK Troglav.
[edit] Famous residents
- Gabrijel Jurkić, artist.
[edit] External links
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| Bosansko Grahovo | Drvar | Glamoč | Kupres | Livno | Tomislavgrad |
