George Lincoln Rockwell

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George Lincoln Rockwell

Born	March 9, 1918 Bloomington, Illinois, USA
Died	August 25, 1967 Arlington, Virginia, USA

George Lincoln Rockwell (March 9, 1918 - August 25, 1967) was a U.S. Naval Commander and founder of the American Nazi Party.[1] Rockwell was a major figure in the National Socialist movement in post-war America and his beliefs and writings are still influential among White Nationalists and National Socialists today.

[edit] Biography

[edit] Early life

Rockwell was born in Bloomington, Illinois, the oldest of three children. His father, George Lovejoy "Doc" Rockwell, was of English and Scottish descent and his mother, Claire Schade Rockwell´s background was German and French. Both parents were vaudeville comedians and actors. Some of his father's friends in entertainment included Fred Allen, Benny Goodman, Walter Winchell, Jack Benny, and Groucho Marx.[2] Rockwell would later claim he acquired his skills in speaking and playing to crowds from his early upbringing. His parents were divorced when Rockwell was six. This led to his youth being split between his mother's family in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and his father's family in Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Here, he developed a passion for sailing and fishing.

[edit] College and ideas

Rockwell applied to Harvard but failed to get in. He had another "free year," and his father sent him to a boarding school, Hebron Academy, near Lewiston, Maine. Here he began to read philosophy and "socially significant" novels.

His intellectual explorations led him to re-examine religion. In the past he thought of himself as being "highly religious," but after rereading the Bible he declared himself to be an atheist. Later, he reversed his non-religious views. He began to see religion not as an "opiate of the masses," but instead a necessary pillar of civilization. Upon further reflection, he contemplated the possibility of a "total intelligence" existing somewhere in the universe and thought a better description of his view to be agnostic. In his later years, he would equate himself with Saint Paul and promoted Christian Identity, a racist sect, hoping to obtain conservative Christian support.

In 1938 Rockwell entered Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and majored in philosophy. In his sociology courses at Brown, Rockwell rebelled against the idea that man was made by his environment or that all human beings had the same potential in life. Rockwell instinctively rejected the concept of equality although, at the time, he had no personal philosophy or ideology to support his beliefs. Among his fellow students, he discussed ideas and argued in endless "bull sessions," particularly over topics such as social themes in popular novels. He realized he was taking the "conservative" position in nearly every argument against his "liberal" opponents. Here he learned the art of controversy and the tactics of debate.

[edit] Military

In his sophomore year Rockwell left Brown University and join the U. S. Navy.

In 1940 he was sent to flight school in Massachusetts and Florida. After getting his flight wings he was shipped off to Norfolk, Virginia.

During the war, blacks were segregated in the Navy and Rockwell at the time was not hostile toward them. On VJ Day, when the war ended with America's victory over Japan, he gave a bottle of champagne to some black sailors for the celebration.

Rockwell served in the South Atlantic aboard the USS Omaha looking for enemy subs. Rockwell flew old Curtiss biplanes which were launched by aircraft catapults from the Omaha. Off the coast of Africa, Rockwell helped in the sinking of two Axis subs when he was part of a carrier killer group.

On April 24, 1943, Rockwell married Judy Aultman, whom he had met while attending Brown University. Miss Aultman was a student at Pembroke—the female half of Brown University.

After his marriage, Rockwell studied at the Navy's aerial photography school in Florida. Upon completing his training, he served in the Pacific. His most notable action being the coordinating of air support in the retaking of Guam.

[edit] Career

After the war ended, Rockwell become a commercial artist. He applied to the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, and was accepted for the following year. To make ends meet Rockwell and his wife moved to Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Here, in the spring of 1946, he built a photography studio and found work painting commercial signs. Later that year they moved to New York City where Rockwell started his studies at Pratt.

While at Pratt, Rockwell was introduced to the modern art movement. Rockwell saw modern art as something foreign—"Communist" would be the word he would place upon it even though he did not fully understand the significance of his label. Also, he saw Jews as promoters of the movement and mistakenly believed cubist Pablo Picasso was Jewish.

In 1948 he won the first prize of $1,000 for an ad he did for the American Cancer Society. The contest was sponsored by the National Society of Illustrators in New York.[3] Rockwell left Pratt before finishing his final year and started an advertising agency in Maine.

Rockwell's career as a commercial artist was interrupted when he was recalled to duty as a lieutenant commander at the start of the Korean War. He moved his wife and two children to San Diego, California, where he trained Navy and Marine pilots in close air support tactics.

[edit] Entering Politics

It was during his time in San Diego when Rockwell began to pay close attention to politics. Rockwell was influenced by the radio broadcasts of Senator Joseph McCarthy's stance against Communism and supported General Douglas MacArthur's Republican candidacy for President of the United States. For the duration of his life, Rockwell maintained an admiration for both Senator McCarthy and General MacArthur. Rockwell adopted the corncob pipe following MacArthur's example.

[edit] Shift to extremism

Rockwell began to move away from conservative Republican positions and toward political extremism. He attended a Gerald L.K. Smith rally in Los Angeles, and read Conde McGinley's Common Sense, a political newspaper that introduced him to anti-Semitism and the Jewish Question. He read Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf and the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion," and adopted National Socialist beliefs.

Rockwell became a follower of National Socialism and published an Animal Farm type of parody, "The Fable of the Ducks and the Hens."[4] This was Rockwell's interpretation of Jewish power in twentieth century America. In 1952 Rockwell began working with pre-existing anti-semitic and anti-communist groups. That year he attended the American Nationalist Conference which was formed by Conde McGinley’s Christian Educational Association. This group viewed Communism as a political expression of Judaism. (Preliminary Report on Neo-Fascist and Hate Groups (PDF file, 3 Meg), Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., 1954)

[edit] Iceland

After several months upon his return to Iceland, Rockwell attended a diplomatic party in Reykjavík, Iceland's capital. At the party Rockwell met Thora Hallgrimsson, who would become the new love in his life and eventually his wife.

[edit] Publishing

Upon returning a second time to civilian life, Rockwell saw a business opportunity in starting a new magazine that would appeal to United States servicemen's wives. In September 1955, he launched the publication U. S. Lady. After presenting the idea to generals and admirals who headed public relations departments for the various military services, Rockwell began his publication efforts in Washington, D.C.. The new enterprise would also incorporate Rockwell's political causes: his opposition to both racial integration and communism. Rockwell financed the operation through stock sales and subscriptions. With a staff of 30, Rockwell could only promise to pay his employees before the successful launch of the first issue. The publication continued to have financial troubles and Rockwell would later sell his interest in the magazine. However, Rockwell still hoped to become a publisher.

For a while, Rockwell worked for William F. Buckley, Jr., and promoted Buckley's magazine National Review among conservative college students. Later, Rockwell decided conservatives were "human ostriches" who would never take a stand against his enemy, the Jews. Rockwell failed to start his conservative newspaper or the right-wing unity organization he envisioned.

[edit] Commander Rockwell

Rockwell's activism became known to other white extremists. One day he received a large package in the mail from one of his supporters which contained an eighteen-foot-long swastika flag. He placed the flag on the wall of his home and made an altar with Adolf Hitler's photo in the center lighted with three candles in front.

Rockwell and a few supporters fashioned themselves some uniforms, armed themselves with rifles and revolvers, and paraded about his home on Williams Street in Arlington, Virginia. [5] The window to his home was left open showing the huge swastika flag.

[edit] Formation of the American Nazi Party

In March 1959, Rockwell formed the World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists, a name apparently chosen to imply opposition to state ownership of property. In December of that year, the name would be changed to the American Nazi Party, and the headquarters moved to 928 North Randolph Street in Arlington, Virginia. [6] The formation of the party resulted in his discharge from the United States Navy and the forfeiting of his pension.

Rockwell had to send his wife, Thora, and the four children to Iceland for their personal safety. The separation was supposed to have been temporary. In the months that passed, they grew distant. Rockwell went to Iceland and tried to reconcile with his family. However, he was unable to save his second marriage and they later divorced. Meanwhile, relations with his biological family would never be the same either. Both his brother and sister refused to ever speak with him. His father never forgave his son for dishonoring his name. Only his mother remained in contact.

[edit] Rallies in Washington, D.C., and New York City

In order to gain press attention, Rockwell held a rally April 3, 1960, on the National Mall of Washington, D.C. The weather was not agreeable and it rained. Rockwell and his group nevertheless held the rally. The Washington Evening Star reported the Nazis were a flop and the rally was a failure. A few days later the weather was better. Rockwell returned and gave a two hour speech, gaining more press attention.

Rockwell's next tactic was to hold a rally in Union Square in New York City. He went there to demand a permit to speak and soon found himself surrounded by his archenemies: the Jews. The crowd almost rioted as Rockwell began to answer reporters' questions. Rockwell said that 80 percent of the Jewish population in America were Communist sympathizers and therefore traitors who should be gassed, on the basis that most of the convicted spies happened to be Jewish. The crowd went wild, demanding Rockwell be killed on the spot. He was given a protected escort out of New York City and never received the permit to hold the rally.

Rockwell's next planned rally was set for July 3, 1960, again on the Mall. Rockwell and his men were confronted by a mob and a riot ensued. The police arrested Rockwell and eight party members. Rockwell demanded a trial but instead was being sent to a mental institution for thirty days of observation. In less than two weeks he was released and found capable of standing trial. He published a pamphlet on this experience titled, How to get out or stay out of the insane asylum. Thereafter, he became more careful in his rhetoric.

By 1961 Rockwell's group was established in several cities with party members in Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston. Rockwell traveled to these cities and protested theatres showing Exodus, a movie depicting the birth of modern day Israel.

[edit] Formation of the World Union of National Socialists

In August, 1962 Rockwell travelled secretly to England through Ireland. In the Cotswolds, he co-founded the World Union of National Socialists with Colin Jordan's British organization the National Socialist Movement, before being deported back to the states. In 1966 the international group published National Socialist World, edited by former physics professor William L. Pierce.

[edit] Political campaigns and college appearances

In the presidential election of 1964 Rockwell ran as a write-in candidate receiving 212 votes. [7] Rockwell ran unsuccessfully for governor of Virginia in 1965 on the American Nazi Party ticket, polling 5,730 votes, or 1.02 percent of the total vote. [8] [9] On November 30, 1966 Rockwell gave a speech to students at his alma mater Brown University. [10] At the time his group was estimated to have perhaps a few hundred members and nearly two thousand supporters. At the height of his fame, Rockwell was quite popular on the college lecture tour, from New England to Hawaii. According to one of Rockwell's biographers, he spoke to more than 100 college audiences. [11][12]

[edit] Playboy interview

Rockwell once gave an interview to Alex Haley, the author of the novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family, which was made into a TV miniseries. The interview was published in Playboy magazine in the April 1966 issue. Rockwell agreed to the interview because of the magazine's appeal to white males. For many, this was the first time Rockwell's ideas were presented to the public without censorship.

[edit] Rockwell and the Civil Rights Movement

In the summer of 1966, Rockwell led a counter-demonstration to Martin Luther King's attempt to bring an end to de facto segregation in the white Chicago suburb of Cicero, Illinois. He believed King was merely a tool for Jewish Communists to integrate America. [13] Although he admired J. Edgar Hoover's stand against communist subversion and would have approved of Hoover's tactics against King [14], unbeknownst to him, Rockwell was also targeted by the FBI's counter intelligence program: COINTELPRO.

Rockwell led the American Nazi Party in assisting the Ku Klux Klan and similar groups during the Civil Rights Movement, by countering the Freedom Riders and the March on Washington. But he soon came to believe the Klan was stuck in the past and ineffective for helping him wage a modern race struggle. After hearing the slogan "Black Power" during a debate, in 1966, with Black Panther, Stokley Carmichael, Rockwell altered the phrase and started a call for "White Power." White Power would later become the name of the party's newspaper and the title of a book authored by Rockwell.

At the same time, Rockwell reached out to form friendly associations with the Nation of Islam, for its shared belief in racial separation. He also had great respect for Elijah Muhammad as the "Black people's Hitler," for doing the best job promoting integrity and pride among his people. Finally, he admired Malcolm X, as his black equivalent and the next true leader for Black America, even after Malcolm's split from the Black Muslim organization.

George Lincoln Rockwell (center) at Nation of Islam Rally

Despite his extreme rhetoric, Rockwell's principal message was "peace through separation." He believed that sooner or later when the Cold War was over, America would have to confront its domestic troubles with a long-term solution to its race problems. Otherwise, he often prophesied, the nation would suffer a great race war, where "the uniform would be skin color." Rockwell believed the conflict was rapidly approaching with the passage of the 1965 Immigration Act that would, according to him, soon make whites America's new minority.

[edit] "Hatenanny Records" and "The Hate Bus"

In the 1960s, Rockwell attempted to draw attention to his cause by starting a small record label named "Hatenanny Records" (the name was a parody of "Hootenanny", a term given to a folk music performance). The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as "Otis Cochran and the Three Bigots," and were sold mostly through mail order. A truncated version of one of Cochran's recordings, Ship Those Niggers Back appears in the documentary The California Reich.

When the Freedom Riders drove their campaign to desegregate bus stations in the deep South, Rockwell secured a VW Van and decorated it with swastikas and White Supremacist slogans, dubbing it the "Hate Bus," personally driving it to speaking engagements and party rallies.[15] It was later repossessed after the American Nazi Party defaulted on a loan.

[edit] National Socialist White People's Party

On January 1, 1967, Rockwell announced the party’s next stage of development. He officially changed the name of the American Nazi Party to the National Socialist White People’s Party (NSWPP). Its new slogan would be “White Power” replacing “Sieg Heil.” The new strategy would be to capitalize on growing support in the wake of the Chicago rallies and to focus the organization’s commitment to a universal white nationalism as opposed to Nordic or Anglo-Saxon provincialism. An internal party newsletter, the “National Socialist Bulletin”, was started to convey and help direct these new efforts.

On June 9-11, the party held its national conference in Arlington aimed at reorganizing its leadership and “charting a new course of professionalism.” In July, 1967, The swastika-bearing party publication The Stormtrooper magazine was replaced by a newspaper with an American eagle masthead entitled “White Power”. Some within the NSWPP opposed this new ideological direction.

[edit] Assassination

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On June 28 the first attempt was made on Rockwell’s life. Returning from shopping, he drove into the party barracks’ driveway on Wilson Boulevard and found it blocked by a felled tree and brush. Rockwell assumed that it was another prank by local teens. As a young trooper cleared the obstruction, two shots were fired at Rockwell from behind one of the swastika-embossed brick driveway pillars. One of the shots ricocheted off the car right next to his head. Leaping from the car, Rockwell pursued the would-be assassin. On June 30, Rockwell petitioned the Arlington County Circuit Court for a gun permit; no action was ever taken on his request.

A few minutes before noon on August 25, 1967, Rockwell was shot while leaving the Econowash laundromat at the Dominion Hills Shopping Center in the 6000 block of Wilson Boulevard in Arlington, Virginia. Two bullets crashed through his 1958 Chevrolet’s windshield and it slowly rolled backwards to a stop. Rockwell staggered out of the front passenger side door of the car, pointed towards the shopping center roof, and then collapsed face up on the pavement.

The gunman ran along the shopping center roof and jumped to the ground in the rear. A shop owner and customer briefly gave chase, but were unable to get a clear look at the fleeing figure. Other customers called the Arlington County police and checked Rockwell for a pulse. He had none; the one bullet that struck him had ripped through several major arteries just above his heart. The internal bleeding was so heavy that Rockwell died in two minutes. A half hour later at a bus stop several miles away, John Patler - a former member of Rockwell’s group - was arrested as the suspected assassin by a passing patrolman familiar with the Arlington Nazis. Later that day, after hearing of his son’s death, Rockwell’s 78-year-old father commented laconically, “I am not surprised at all. I’ve expected it for quite some time.”

Matt Koehl, Rockwell’s executor and the nominal number two man in the NSWPP, quickly moved to establish legal control over Rockwell’s body and all NSWPP assets. At the time of his death, the NSWPP had approximately 300 active members nationwide and perhaps 3,000 financial supporters. Although Rockwell’s parents wanted a private burial in Maine for him, they did not feel up to a public fight with the Nazis for his body. On August 27, an NSWPP spokesman reported that Federal officials had given verbal approval to a planned military burial of Rockwell at Culpeper National Cemetery, which was his right as an honorably discharged veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces.

On August 29, several dozen NSWPP troopers and about 100 party supporters formed a procession and drove the 65 miles from Arlington to Culpeper. At the cemetery gates they were met by General Carl C. Turner and 60 MPs who had been rushed in from Vint Hill to enforce the U.S. Army’s burial protocol. They were backed by dozens of police from various jurisdictions. No mourners bearing Nazi insignia would be allowed into the cemetery. The NSWPP troopers’ refusal to remove their uniforms led to a day-long standoff. They unsuccessfully tried to force their way into the cemetery three separate times. Several arrests resulted. With daylight fading, General Turner declared that Rockwell could not be buried until the NSWPP made a new request to the Pentagon and agreed to follow protocol.

The dispirited Nazis returned to Arlington with Rockwell’s body. Plans were made to bury Rockwell in Spotsylvania County, but they fell apart when it became clear that local Jewish organizations were organizing resistance against it. Fearing that Arlington County officials might seize the body, the ANP had Rockwell cremated the next morning and a memorial service was held that afternoon at party headquarters. On February 8, 1968, the NSWPP filed suit to obtain a Nazi burial for Rockwell’s remains at any National Cemetery. On March 15, 1969, a Federal district judge upheld the Army Secretary’s ruling that Rockwell was ineligible for a burial with full military honors in a national cemetery. The final resting place of Rockwell’s remains is uncertain.

The controversy after Rockwell’s death wasn’t limited, however, to the disposition of his remains. It soon spilled over into the trial of his alleged assassin. Following psychiatric evaluation, John Patler was judged competent to stand trial. Unsurprisingly, he plead not guilty at his preliminary hearing, but on September 29, 1967, Patler was bound over by a grand jury on the charge of first degree homicide. His trial began on November 27 amid tight security at the Arlington County Courthouse. On December 15, Patler was found guilty and released on bond to await sentencing. On February 23, 1968, Patler was sentenced to 20 years in prison, at that time the least punishment possible for a first degree murder conviction. The Virginia Circuit Court postponed imprisonment pending his appeal.

On November 30, 1970, the Virginia Supreme Court upheld Patler’s conviction and 20-year sentence for slaying Rockwell and ordered him to begin serving his sentence. On May 16, 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rejected Patler’s appeal based on claims of witness contamination. In August 1975, Patler was paroled from the Pulaski correctional unit after serving less than four years of his sentence. Judge Charles S. Russell, who had presided over Patler’s murder trial, wrote a lengthy letter to the parole board supporting Patler’s release. It was the only time he ever did this in his career. The following year, however, Patler violated the terms of his parole and was returned to prison for an additional six years. On December 30, 1977 Patler petitioned the Henry County Circuit Court to change his surname back to its original form, Patsalos.

The strip mall where Rockwell was slain is still called the Dominion Hills Shopping Center. In the past, admirers of Rockwell have painted a swastika on the exact spot of the parking lot where he died.

[edit] Party headquarters

The location he established as the headquarters of his American Nazi Party (2507 North Franklin Road in Arlington) is now a coffee shop called "The Java Shack" [16], and serves a racially diverse community. The two-story house he established as his "Stormtrooper Barracks," which some of the locals dubbed "The House on Hatemonger Hill" (6150 Wilson Boulevard, in the Dominion Hills district of Arlington), has since been razed and the property incorporated into the Upton Hill Regional Park.

[edit] Ideology and tactics

Rockwell's most infamous tactic was the mass promotion of denying the Holocaust. He maintained it was all propaganda from the war that became a psychological weapon of Zionism, designed to promote white guilt and coerce the Western world into contributing billions in foreign aid to Israel. He often declared that if not for the Holocaust, the modern state of Israel would not exist and there'd be no worldwide demand for eliminating racial segregation and apartheid.

In waging his campaign, Rockwell used "political jujitsu": he used his enemies' power against them by having them give him attention. He believed the American masses were not getting the whole picture because they were easily swayed by the "managed news," controlled by what he claimed was Jewish monopolizing of the media.

When compared to other political icons of the 1960s, Rockwell was a combination of radical-reactionary and counter-revolutionary, meaning that he sought to counter the perceived leftist progressive cultural revolution in America and preserve its old way of life by going out of the mainstream to become a frontline fighter. But unlike other radical groups, Rockwell always made sure his was law abiding and often claimed they had to "break their backs" to be so.

Rockwell supported America's war in Vietnam. At times he would dive into anti-war demonstrations at home, tearing down Viet Cong flags that were being waved by peace protesters. If not for the politicians, he claimed, the war in Vietnam could easily have been fought and won "with the Boy Scouts."

With regard to the Cold War Rockwell wanted to make peace with the Russians, whom he considered fellow opponents of Zionism. Rockwell also skewered conservatives like Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan as either deceptive "kosher conservatives," or opportunistic "ex-pinkos."

[edit] Legacy

David Duke regarded Rockwell as having the greatest impact for inspiring him to continue his twin message of white nationalism and anti-Zionism. Duke, as a student in high school, learned of the assassination and reportedly said, "The greatest American who ever lived has been shot down and killed."

In the mid-60s Rockwell had a strategy to develop his Nazi political philosophy within the Christian Identity religious movement. Christian Identity had its own anti-Semitic and racist views but without a Third Reich orientation. To some degree Rockwell was successful with this approach. The Christian Identity group Aryan Nations would later use various Nazi flags in its services. Also, its security personnel had uniforms that were similar to those worn by Rockwell's stormtroopers. [17]

With the appearance of the skinhead movement of the 1970s and 1980s many working class youths became a part of a neo-Nazi revival. The movement appeared for the most part on its own; the root cause was alienation of white youths in an ever increasingly multi-racial society. Rockwell became an adopted hero of the skinheads.

Two of Rockwell's associates, Matt Koehl and William Luther Pierce, would form their own organizations taking Rockwell's inspiration with them. Koehl, the successor to Rockwell, moved the NSWPP to Wisconsin and started New Order; which revered Hitler as a superhuman personality. Pierce would form the National Alliance and continue to take a hard line against Jews and racial minorities, but without the Third Reich trappings.

[edit] Timeline of Rockwell's political activities

February 25, 1962: Rockwell speaks at the annual convention of the Nation of Islam in Chicago, Illinois.[18]

February 14, 1963: Rockwell speaks at the University of Virginia upon invitation of the John Randolph Society[19]

January 16, 1965: Rockwell goes to Selma, Alabama and announces plans to heckle civil rights activist Martin Luther King. [20]

August 21, 1966: Rockwell speaks at a 3,000 strong rally at Marquette Park in Chicago.

November 30, 1966: Rockwell speaks at Brown University.

[edit] Quotes by George Lincoln Rockwell

"Compared to some aborigine in Africa who eats his own grandmother, and they're still eating people over there, yes sir, I believe you and I are all supermen compared to those cruds." Interview on CBC

"America did not exist until the coming of the white man." [21]

"I knew I would not live to see the victory which I would make possible, but I would not die before I had made that victory certain." This Time The World, Chapter 15

[edit] Works

In hoc signo vinces, a political manifesto (World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists, 1960) [22]
How to get out or stay out of the insane asylum, recounts his experience of being sentenced to thirty days observation [23] (American Nazi Party, 1960)
This time the world, his autobiography (written 1960; First Published by Parliament House 1961; Reprinted by White Power Publications, 1979; and later Liberty Bell Publications, 2004, ISBN 1-59364-014-5).
White Power (written 1967; John McLaughlin, 1996, ISBN 0-9656492-8-8)

[edit] References

American Fuehrer: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party by Frederick James Simonelli, (University of Illinois Press, 1999, ISBN 0-252-02285-8).
Hate: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party by William H. Schmaltz, (Brasseys, Inc., 2001, ISBN 1-57488-262-7).
The Fame of a Dead Man's Deeds by Robert S. Griffin, (1st Books Library, 2001, ISBN 0-7596-0933-0), pages 87-115.
Siege: The Collected Writings of James Mason by James Mason (Appendix III contains Mason's "George Lincoln Rockwell: A Sketch of His Life and Career"; introduced by Ryan Schuster, Black Sun Publications, ISBN 0-9724408-0-1)
"Rockwell, U.S. Nazi, Slain; Ex-Aide is Held as Sniper", Graham, Fred P., New York Times, Saturday, 26 August 1967, pages 1, 14.
"Rockwell Burial Causes A Dispute", uncredited, New York Times, Sunday, 27 August 1967, page 28.

[edit] External links

The American Nazi Party by Frederick J. Simonelli
"Who was George Lincoln Rockwell?" by A.V. Schaerffenberg at the American Nazi Party website.
"Rockwell: A National Socialist Life" by Dr. William Pierce.
Biography for George Lincoln Rockwell
Lincoln Rockwell's Campaign Film (video)
"Why Kennedy Was Killed" by Robert Burns aka James Mason
Transcript of interview with Rockwell in Playboy Magazine conducted by Alex Haley, introduced thusly.
"George Lincoln Rockwell and the Church of Racism" Myles B. Kantor interview with Frederick J. Simonelli (Jan. 24, 2003)
Lest we forget - George Lincoln Rockwell
This Time The World, by Lincoln Rockwell.
Excerpts from This Time The World, including photos.
Full text of White Power, Rockwell's final book where he explained what he was about.
The Fable of the Ducks and Hens, by George Lincoln Rockwell, a long-form poem with anti-integration themes.
The Fame of a Dead Man's Deeds by Robert S. Griffin, Chapter 7: George Lincoln Rockwell, pages 84 - 111 [24]
American Fuehrer: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party review by Katharine Whittemore at salon.com.
"Nazis In America", a commentary and review of Hate by Myrna Estep, ph.D.
"Capitalist Conflicts and the Nation of Islam" from the Progressive Labor Party recounts Rockwell's involvement.
A telegram to Rockwell from Malcolm X, 1965
"When Hate Came to Town: New Orleans' Jews and George Lincoln Rockwell" by Lawrence N. Powell in American Jewish History (85.4, 1997, pp. 393-419)
"Blast from the Past: George Lincoln Rockwell" by David Maurer in Daily Progress, August 24, 2003)
Rockwell quotes
Rockwell memorabilia

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