Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance
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- This is a sub-article to the Succession to Muhammad
Muhammad's inheritance is a well-documented and controversial topic, both then and at the present.
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[edit] Overview
Muhammad's inheritance did not occur as is prescribed in the Qur'an, since Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad's most prominent companions (Arabic: Sahaba) said that he heard Muhammad said so. This happened during the Succession to Muhammad, the day after the meeting at Saqifah.
Controversially, several of Muhammad's relatives were not convinced of his testimony, and this resulted in a disputed that continued all the way to the era of Umar II, around one hundred years later.
People involved in the event include:
- Ali - Muhammd's cousin and son-in-law, future fourth Sunni Caliph and first Shi'a Imam
- Fatimah - Muhammd's daughter, married to Ali
- `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib, also known as Al-Abbas - a paternal uncle of Muhammad.
- `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas, also known as Ibn Abbas - Muhammd's cousin
- Abu Bakr - one of Muhammad's companions and the first Sunni Caliph
- Umar - one of Muhammad's companions and the second Sunni Caliph
- Uthman - one of Muhammad's companions and the third Sunni Caliph
- A'isha - Abu Bakr's daughter and Muhammad's wife
- Muhammad's wives, the rest of them
The present interpretation of the sources describing the event is also controversial. Shi'a and Sunni do not agree on weather a piece of property named Fadak that was included in conflict between Fatimah and Abu Bakr only constituted inheritance, or if it actually was conficated by Abu Bakr, and Fatimah demanded it back together with her inheritance.
[edit] Event
The events started the day after the death of Muhammad on 10 AH (631–632). Fatimah came with Ali to Abu Bakr [1].
Ibn Sa'd, a 9th century Sunni Islamic scholar writes:
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, a 10th century Sunni Islamic scholar writes:
Abu Bakr died two years, on 13 AH (634–635), and at that point, the demands for the inheritance were renewed two the Umar, whom became the second Sunni Caliph.
[edit] Views
[edit] Sunni view
Sunni view this conflict between Abu Bakr and Fatimah as unfortunate and are prone to view it as a disagreement with limited consequences.
[edit] Shi'a views
Shi'a view this conflict as one of their primary evidence of the injustice done against Muhammad's household (Arabic: Ahl al-Bayt), and have written extensively on this issue [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]. Shi'a are view that Abu Bakr simply gave false testimony when he claimed that Muhammad said he would not give inheritance.
Shi'a also state that Abu Bakr's seizure of Ali and Fatimah's inheritance was complemented by the illegally seizure of that the land of Fadak, a gift given to Fatimah during Muhammad's life.
This issue is a hot topic among Shi'a, and they dedicate long article to this subject [17]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b The Book of the Major Classes, Volume 2, page 393
- ^ The hadith has been reproduced through Abu Hurairah in Sahih Muslim 19:4355, 19:4356, 19:4357
- ^ Quoting from the Qur'an 27:16
- ^ Quoting from the Qur'an 19:6
- ^ a b Sahih Muslim 19:4354
- ^ The Book of the Major Classes, Volume 2, page 392
- ^ Note 1 states: “It was the first and most important step taken by both Abu Bakr and Umar in their attempts to displace the Banu Hashim and especially Ali from their prerogatives in the leadership of the Muslim polity. Acceptance of this claim of inheritance based on family ties would have opened the door widely to Ali’s right to the succession. Moreover, the income from both these sources was considerable, and it would have given some leverage to Ali.
- ^ History of the Prophets and Kings, Volume 9, pages 196, 197. State University of New York Press, 1993. Translated by Ismail K. Poonawala
- ^ Sahih Muslim 19:4351
- ^ Sahih Muslim 19:4349, 19:4350
- ^ The Shi'a encyclopedia on al-Islam.org [1] [2] [3]
- ^ Fatimah al-Ma`sumah (as): a role model for men and women by al-Marji' Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Fadlullah, section "Angry for the truth" on al-islam.org [4]
- ^ Peshawar Nights on al-islam.org [5] [6]
- ^ The Message by Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani on al-islam.org [7]
- ^ Fatima the Gracious by Abu Muhammad Ordoni on al-islam.org [8]
- ^ A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims by Ali Asgher Razwy on al-islam.org [9]
- ^ [http://answering-ansar.org/answers/fadak/en/index.php Fadak; The property of Fatima al-Zahra as on answering-ansar.org
