Ali

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Ali ibn Abi-Talib
Believed by Shias, the tombstone of Ali is in this mosque.
Reign	656 – 661
Born	October 9, 599
	Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Died	January 28, 661
	Kufa, Iraq
Buried	Najaf, Iraq
Predecessor	Uthman
Successor	Muawiyah I
Royal House	Banu Hashim
Father	Abu Talib
Mother	Fatima bint Asad

For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation).

‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib (علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (599 – 661)^[1] was an early Islamic leader and fourth Caliph. He is revered by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs and as a foremost religious authority on the Qur'an and Islamic jurisprudence. Shi'a Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by the Prophet Muhammad and the first rightful caliph. Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and after marriage to Fatima Zahra, he also became Muhammad's son-in-law.

[edit] Biography

[edit] Birth

Main article: Birthplace of Ali ibn Abi Talib

Ali was born on 13 Rajab in Makkah, in the Hijaz region of central western Arabia. According to well-known traditional accounts Ali was born 12/13 years before Muhammad began to preach, sometime around 599 CE.^[2][3]

[edit] Early life

Ali's father, Abu Talib, was a Sheikh of Banu Hashim, an important branch of the powerful tribe of the Quraysh, and an uncle to the young Muhammad. When Muhammad was orphaned and then lost his grandfather, Abu Talib took Muhammad into his house. Later Muhammad set out and married Khadijah; Ali was born 3 years later.^{[citation needed]} When Ali was six years old, as a result of famine in and around Mecca, Muhammad requested to become his guardian.^[4] When Muhammad reported that he had received a divine revelation, Ali, then only about ten years old, believed him and professed Islam.^[5] He was one of the first males to enter Islam. Ali stood firmly in support of Muhammad during the years of persecution of Muslims in Mecca. In 622 CE, the year of Muhammad's migration to Yathrib, Ali risked his life by sleeping in Muhammad's bed to impersonate him and thwart an assassination plot, so that Muhammad could flee in safety. Hazrat Ali was one of the Greatest Warriors and still is. This night is called "Laylat almabit". Some of narrations say the 207th Ayat from Baqarah^[6] is about this issue. ^[7]According to Shi'a scholar Tabatabaei "Shi'ah and Sunni chains that this verse was revealed about 'Ali concerning his sacrifice on the night of hijrah."^[8]

Ali survived the plot, but risked his life again by staying in Mecca to carry out Muhammad's instructions: to restore to their owners all the goods and properties that had been entrusted to Muhammad for safekeeping.^[9]

[edit] Ali in Medina

Calligraphy of Ali at Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey

Main article: Ali the Warrior

The small community of Muslim immigrants in Medina, the Muhajirun, were at first extremely poor. They had no land, no houses, and lived on the charity of the Madinans who had converted to Islam. Ali shared in all the labor and hardships of the community.

For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali was extremely active in his service, serving in his armies, leading parties of warriors on raids, and carrying messages and orders. With the exception of Tabuk, Ali took part in all the battles and expeditions fought for Islam. As one of Muhammads lieutenants, and later his son-in-law, Ali was a person of authority and standing in the Muslim community.[12]

Ali first distinguished himself as a warrior in 624 CE, at the Battle of Badr. He defeated the Banu Umayyed champion Walid ibn Utba as well as many other Meccan soldiers. Al Seerah of Ibn Hisham narrates how he killed 20 of the pagans^[10] and Al Maghazi put the number at 22.^[11]

Ali was also prominent at the Battle of Uhud, as well as many other battles where he wielded a bifurcated sword known as Zulfiqar. ^[12] At the beginning Ali killed Talhah Ibn Abu Talhah and then his brother Abu Saad Ibn Abu Talhah the bearers of the banner of the pagans. ^[13] Ibn Al-Atheer, Abu Rafi and Tabari report that Ali, alone, destroyed all the standard bearers.^[14] , The death of the bearers of the banner heightened the morale of the Muslims and shook the hearts of the pagans and when the army of Islam was defeated and most of the Muslims had fled Ali was one of the few Muslims who defended Muhammad. According to Ibn Atheer "The Prophet become the object of the attack of various units of the army of Quraysh from all sides. Ali attacked, in compliance with the Prophet's orders, every unit that made an attack upon him (the Prophet) and dispersed them or killed some of them, and this thing took place a number of times in Uhud" ^[15] and it was said "La fata illa Ali, La saifa illa Zulfiqar" (There is no brave man except Ali and there is no sword which renders service except Zulfiqar)."^[16]

[edit] Ghadir Khumm

Main articles: Hadith of the pond of Khumm and Hadith of the two weighty things

On 10 March 632 CE (18th of Dhu'l-Hijjah of 10 AH) the caravan of Muhammad returned to Madinah with him from the hajj, and ordered the other caravans to stop at a pond known as Khumm. On giving a speech to the Muslims there, Muhammad said:

"Allahomma man kont mawlah fa hath Ali mawlah.(For whoever I am a Mawla of, then Ali is his Mawla), Allahoma wali man walah wa aadi man aadah, wansor man nasarah, wakhthol man khathalah(God be with him and with those who follow him and against his opposers for ever) wa adir al hak maaho kaifama dar (May rightness be with him were ever he goes There is another quote from the rassul(sallalaho alayhi wa alihi wasallam) about the rightness of imam Ali( alayhi assalam) to suceed him which is:

"O people, I am a human being. I am about to receive a message from my Lord and I, in response to Allah's call, (would bid good-bye to you), but I am leaving among you two weighty things: the one being the Book of Allah in which there is right guidance and light, so hold fast to the Book of Allah and adhere to it. He exhorted (us) (to hold fast) to the Book of Allah and then said: The second are the members of my household I remind you (of your duties) to the members of my family. ^[17]."

This quote is confirmed by both shia and sunni's everywhere, but sunnis and shias take different meanings of the quote

[edit] The death of Muhammad

In 632 Muhammad had been ailing for some time, but seemed to have recovered somewhat. He left his house to take part in prayers at the mosque, then returned to his quarters and died.

While Ali and the rest of Muhammad's close family were washing his body for burial, at a gathering attended by a small group of Muslims at Saqifah, the succession was given to Abu Bakr by vote. According to Sunni accounts, Muhammad died without having appointed a successor, and with a need for leadership, they gathered and voted for the position of caliph. Shi'a accounts differ by asserting that Muhammad had designated Ali as his successor on a number of occasions, including on his death bed. Ali had many friends, followers and supporters who believed that he should have succeeded Muhammad. This did not create an immediate division, however, because Ali did not fight against the elected caliphs. ^[18]

The succession to Muhammad is an extremely contentious issue. Muslims ultimately divided into two branches based on their political attitude towards this issue, which forms the primary theological barrier between the two major divisions of Muslims: Sunni and Shi'a, with the latter following Ali as the successor to Muhammad. The two groups also disagree on Ali's attitude towards Abu Bakr, and the two caliphs who succeeded him: Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan. Sunnis tend to stress Ali's acceptance and support of their rule, while the Shi'a claim that he distanced himself from them. They argue that he did not do so because he was angry at having been denied worldly power and pleasure; rather, he felt that he had a duty to keep the Muslim community on the strict path of Islam, and that he was being kept from fulfilling the religious duty that Muhammad had appointed to him. The Sunni Muslims say that if Ali was the rightful successor as ordained by God Himself, then it would have been his duty as the leader of the Muslim nation to make war with these people (Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman) until Ali established the decree. But Ali did not fight Abu Bakr, Umar or Uthman, because firstly he did not have the military strength and if he decided to, it would have caused a civil war amongst the Muslims, which was still a nascent community throughout the Arab world.^[19]

Ali has also written to Egyptians during his caliphate

"When the Holy Prophet (s) passed away, the Muslims started a tug-of-war for the caliphate. I swear by Allah that at that juncture it could not even be imagined that the Arabs would snatch the seat of the caliphate from the family and descendants of the Holy Prophet (s) and that they would be swearing the oath of allegiance for the caliphate to a different person. At every stage I kept myself aloof from that struggle of supremacy and power-politics till I found the heretics had openly taken to heresy and schism and were trying to undermine and ruin the religion preached by our Holy Prophet (s). I felt afraid that, even after seeing and recognizing the evil, if I did not stand up to help Islam and the Muslims it would be a worse calamity to me than my losing authority and power over you, which was only a transient and short-lived affair. Therefore, when I stood up amidst the sweeping surge of innovations and schism the dark clouds of heresy dispersed, falsehood and schism were crushed and the religion was saved.Nahj al Balagha, Letter 62"

[edit] Inheritance

Shi'a Muslims believe that Ali and Fatima, as well as the wives of Muhammad had an additional cause for disaffection with Abu Bakr ^[20]. The new caliph argued that Muhammad's considerable landed property had been held by Muhammad in trust for the community, and was rightfully the property of the state -- despite Ali's rejoinder that Muhammad's revelations included accounts of prophetic inheritance (Qur'an 27:16, 21:89). According to Shi'a Muslims, Abu Bakr gave state pensions to Muhammad's widows, but Muhammad's blood relatives, Ali, Fatima and Ibn Abbas, did not receive even that much.

After Fatima's death Ali again claimed her inheritance, but was denied with the same argument. However, Umar, the caliph who succeeded Abu Bakr, did restore the estates in Medina to al-Abbas and Ali, as representatives of Muhammad's clan, the Banu Hashim. The properties in Khaybar and Fadak were retained as state property (Madelung 1997 p. 62). Shi'a sources regard this as another instance of the persecution of Muhammad's lineage, the Ahl al-Bayt, at the hands of the caliphs they regard as usurpers.^[21]

[edit] Caliphate

Zulfiqar, a fictional representation of the sword of Ali.

Soon thereafter, Ali dismissed several provincial governors, some of whom were relatives of Uthman, and replaced them with trusted aides such as Malik al-Ashtar and Salman the Persian. Ali then transferred his capital from Medina to Kufa, the Muslim garrison city in what is now Iraq. The capital of the province of Syria, Damascus, was held by Mu'awiyah, the governor of Syria and a kinsman of Uthman, Ali's slain predecessor. ^[22]

[edit] Death

The place where, according to tradition, Ali was killed

According to tradition, three Muslim zealots (purists later termed Kharijites) had agreed to assassinate Ali, Mu'awiyah and `Amr, as the authors of disastrous feuds among the faithful. The assassins sent against Mu'awiyah and `Amr failed as on the day Muawiyah happened to be wearing his armour underneath his clothes and Amr did not attend the mosque as he was ill; the only assassin who succeeded was the one who attacked Ali. This event has always been shadowed by speculation of a plot masterminded by Muawiyah. The fortuitous concidence that saved Muawiayah and Amr, both bitter enemies of Ali, is considered to have the mark of Muawiyah's shrewd planning. [13]

Ali suffered a mortal head wound on the 19th of Ramadan while he was performing morning prayers in mosque in the city of Kufa. Some say that the sword that wounded him was poisoned. According to the Shi'a tradition, as he was being struck Ali said "By the Lord of the Ka'bah, I have succeeded!" [14]

Ali died on the 21st of Ramadan (three days after receiving the head wound) in the city of Kufa (Iraq) in 661 CE.

[edit] Burial

Rawze-e-Sharif, the Blue Mosque, in Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan - Where a minority of Shias believe Ali ibn Abi Talib was buried

Many Shi'a believe that Ali didn’t want his grave to be desecrated by his enemies and because of that he asked his friends and family members to bury him secretly.. This secret gravesite is supposed to have been revealed in later times. Most Shi'as accept that Ali was buried at what is now the city of Najaf, which grew around the mosque and shrine called Masjid Ali. ^[23]

• One story recounts that the caliph Harun al-Rashid (ruled from 786 to 809) went hunting and came upon a bit of raised ground which his dogs refused to approach. Local inhabitants told him that this was the grave of Ali ibn Abi Talib. The caliph ordered the building of a mausoleum, which was the nucleus of the city and the shrine.

• Another story claims that the location of the gravesite was passed from father to son along the line of Shi'a Imams, and that Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Shi'a Imam, told the caliph where to find the grave.

• While an additional story, usually maintained by Afghans, notes that his body was taken and buried in the Afghan city of Mazari Sharif at the famous Blue Mosque or Rawze-e-Sharif. [15]

[edit] Descendants

Main article: Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib

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Two of his most famous sons, born to Fatima, were Hasan and Husayn. Hasan is said to have refrained from publicly claiming the caliphate, so as to prevent further bloodshed among Muslims. Muawiyah thus became caliph and established the Umayyad dynasty of caliphs. Hasan is, however, revered by most Shi'a as the second imam; his brother Husayn is reckoned as the third, except by the Ismaili, who consider him the second imam.

Ali's descendants by Fatima are known as sharifs, syeds or sayyids. These are honorific titles in Arabic, sharif meaning 'noble' and sayed/sayid meaning 'lord' or 'sir'. As Muhammad's only descendants, they are respected by both Sunni and Shi'a, though the Shi'as place much more emphasis and value on the distinction.

Many Muslim notables claim to be descendents of Muhammad. The Hashemite royal families of Jordan and Iraq, the Alaouite royal family of Morocco, the Husseini family of Lebanon, and the Aga Khans of the Ismaili community claim direct descent from Muhammad through Ali and Fatima. Descendents of Ali with documented family trees (about 42 generations of an unbroken chain of descent) are often identified by their family trees leading to one of the 12 Shi'a Imams, most notably Imam Musa Kazem, Imam Ali Reza, and Imam Ali Naqi. Most syeds tend to cross-reference their own particular family trees with those of others in order to maintain accuracy and to weed out imposters.

[edit] Legacy

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See also: Nahj al Balagha

Ali is respected not only as a warrior and leader, but as a writer and religious authority. The most famous collection of speeches and letters attributed to Ali is the Peak of Eloquence (Arabic: Nahj al-Balagha).^{[citation needed]}

There are other collections of his quotations.

• Ghorarolhakam:The collections which is valid among Shia

A few famous quotations from it include:

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Ali

• Inability is a disaster; patience is bravery; abstinence is a treasure, self-restraint is a shield; and the best companion is submission to Divine Will.
• Socialize with people in such a manner that when you die, they should weep for you and as long as you live, they should long for your company.
• Greed is a permanent slavery.
• Submission to God's will is the cure of the misery of the heart.
• There is no wealth like education and no poverty like ignorance.

Ali is also reputed to have said:

• He who has a thousand friends has not a friend to spare, while he who has one enemy will meet him everywhere.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Muslim view

Ali is revered and honored by all Muslims. Having been one of the first Muslims and foremost Islamic scholars, he was extremely knowledgeable in matters of religious belief and Islamic jurisprudence, as well as in the history of the Muslim community. He was known for his eloquence and heroism.^{[citation needed]}

Just as Muslims do not picture God (in Arabic, Allah), but reference him by His Ninety-nine Names or titles, so Muslims honor Muhammad, Ali, and other pious Muslims with titles of praise and add pious interjections after their names.^{[citation needed]}

Moreover, Sunni and Shi'a alike agree that Ali deserves these titles:

• Prince of the Faithful (Arabic: Ameer-al-Momineen)
• Father of Dust/Soil (Arabic: Abu Turab)
• Lion of God (Arabic: Asad-ullah)
• The Charging Lion (Arabic: Haydar-al-Karrar)
• Piercing lines, fighter (Arabic: Safdar)

(Please note that translation from Arabic to English may change the way the words are interpreted)

[edit] Sunni view of Ali

The Sunnis regard Ali as one of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs and one of the most influential and respectful figures in Islam. A common misconception held by some Shiites is that Sunnis hate Imam Ali. In fact, Ali is held with the utmost respect along with the Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Alawite view of Ali

The Alawite tribe are the descendants of Imam Ali. The Alawite tribe followed Imam Ali in exepting the rightful protector of the Muslim community. Alawites call themselves Alawī (Arabic: علوي‎). They take their name from Imam Ali, cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad. The term Alawī was recognized by the French when they occupied Syria in 1920. Historically, the Alawites have been called Nusayrīs (Arabic نصيريون), Namiriyya, and Ansariyya. The term Nusayriyya became one of insult, and they themselves preferred to be called Alawiyya to show their reverence for Ali.^{[citation needed]}

It is said[citation needed] that during the life of Imam Ali, a few of his devoted followers from Iraq, where Hellenistic and pagan cultures formed the background of many converts, described him as god-like, or the vehicle of a divine incarnation (Arabic حلول hulul).[citation needed] The claim irritated Imam Ali profoundly, and he banished those who made it from his sight; but even today marginal Islamic sects such as the Kızılbaş "Redheads" of Turkey, or the Alawī of the Syrian mountains, maintain an esoteric cosmology which asserts that God became incarnate in Ali[3], and then in the succession of Imams who descended from him.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Shi'a view of Ali

Main articles: Shi'a Islam and Misconceptions about the Shi'a

The Shi’ahs hold Ali ibn Abi Talib in high esteem as the rightful protector of the Muslim community after the passing of Muhammad, and considers him the first of twelve appointed hereditary Imams. Ali ibn Abi Talib as the first Imam is seen not only as Muhammad's chosen successor, but also as holding a position of authority designated by Allah and as deserving his position by his great personal merits. ^[24]

Shi`ites make several points regarding Ali, believed to indicate Ali's special status, including claims:

1. That he was born in the Kaaba. (see Birthplace of Ali).
2. Hadith of the dinner invitation: According to Tarikh Abul Fida, Muhammad arranged a dinner for the entire Banu Hashim where he openly declared his prophethood and call to Tawheed. After having said that the first one to join him would lead with him and be his successor, and three invitations, Ali was the only one ready to embrace Islam. Muhammad put his arms around him and said, "He is my brother, inheritor and vicegerent. You must obey him." Then another dinner guest joked with Abu Talib saying that he was now under the command of his son.^[25]
3. Hadith-i manzilah: Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas said Muhammad said to Ali, "Are you not satisfied to be to me what Harun was to Moses except that after me there will not be another prophet?" Shi'a said it means Ali is the vicegerent of Muhammad like Harun for Moses. ^[26]

[edit] Selected sayings from Nahj al Balagha

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• Value of each man depends upon the art and skill which he has attained. ^[27]
• He who is deserted by friends and relatives will often find help and sympathy from strangers.
• Our affairs are attached to the destiny decreed by Allah, even our best plans may lead us to destruction.
• If someone's deeds lower his position, his pedigree cannot elevate it.
• A virtuous person is better than virtue and a vicious person is worse than vice.
• One who says unpleasant things about others, will himself quickly become a target of their scandal.
• A wise man first thinks and then speaks and a fool speaks first and then thinks.
• The sin which makes you sad and repentant is more liked by Allah than the good deed which turns you arrogant.
• Value of a man depends upon his courage; his veracity depends upon his self-respect and his chastity depends upon his sense of honor.
• Do not feel ashamed if the amount of charity is small because to refuse the needy is an act of greater shame.

[edit] See also

• Muhammad
• Caliph
• Historiography of early Islam
• Misconceptions about the Shi'a
• Rashidun
• Non-Muslim view of Ali
• Sahaba
• Succession to Muhammad
• Related people
  • Sulaym ibn Qays
  • Imam Ali Mosque
  • Hasan ibn Ali
  • Husayn ibn Ali
  • Ali ibn Hussayn
  • Muhammad al-Baqir
  • Ja'far al-Sadiq
  • Musa al-Kazim
  • Ali al-Rida
  • Muhammad al-Taqi
  • Ali al-Hadi
  • Hasan al-Askari
  • Muhammad al-Mahdi
  • Abbas ibn Ali
  • Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
  • Shiites
  • Ismailis
  • Fatimids
  • Hashemites
  • Alawite
  • Alevi
  • Wali
  • Ahl Al-Bayt
  • Nahj al Balagha
• Zulfiqar

[edit] Notes

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ [4]
5. ^ [5]
6. ^ "And among the man is he who sells his self (soul) to seek the pleasure of Allah; and Allah is Affectionate to the servants.""و من الناس من يشري نفسه ابتغاء مرضات الله و الله رؤف بالعباد"
7. ^ [6]
8. ^ [7]
9. ^ [8]
10. ^ [Abdul Malik Ibn Husham, Al Seerah Al Nabaweyah ( Biography of the Prophet ), Published by Mustafa Al Babi Al Halabi, Egypt, 1955 A.D, Part 2 page. 708-713 ]
11. ^ [Waghedi, Al Maghazi ( The Invasions ) published by Oxford Printing. Part 1 page. 152]
12. ^ Khatab, Amal (May 1, 1996). Battles of Badr and Uhud. Ta-Ha Publishers. ISBN 1-897940-39-4. 
13. ^ [9]
14. ^ [Ibn Al Atheer, Al Kamil, vol 3 p 107]
15. ^ [10]
16. ^ [ Ibn Al Atheer, In his Biography, vol 2 p 107]
17. ^ Sahih Muslim 031.5920
18. ^ Chirri, Mohamad (1982). The Brother of the Prophet Mohammad. Islamic Center of America, Detroit, MI. Alibris ID 8126171834. 
19. ^ Sahih Bukhari 5.57.50
20. ^ Sahih Bukhari 4.53.325
21. ^ Some of the hadith cited by both sides in this dispute can be found at: Sahih Bukhari Book 80
22. ^ [11]
23. ^ Redha, Mohammad; Mohammad Agha (1999). Imam Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (Imam Ali the Fourth Caliph, 1/1 Volume). Dar Al Kotob Al ilmiyah. ISBN 2-7451-2532-X. 
24. ^ Khattab, Amal (May 1996). Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Ta-Ha Publishers, 32. ISBN 1897940440. 
25. ^ Tarikh Abi'1-Fida', vol.l, p.116.
26. ^ al-Bidayah wa'1-nihayah, vol. VII. p. 339; Dhakhad'ir- al-'uqba. p.63; al-Fusul al-muhimmah, p.21: Kifayat al-talib of Kaoji Shafi'l, Najaf, 1356,pp. l48-154: Khasa'is, pp.19-25; Sawa'iq al-muhriqah, p. l77. ln Ghayat al-maram, p.109,
27. ^ http://www.nahjulbalagha.org/commentaries.php

[edit] References

There are no English-language biographies specifically of Ali. Material for his biography must be extracted from the pages of general histories, or from biographies of Muhammad.

• George Gordagh, Ali, The Voice of Human Justice , first Arabic edition 1956 ISBN 0-941724-24-7
• Karen Armstrong -- Muhammad, Gollancz, 1991 (a popular biography)
• Alfred Guillaume -- The Life of Muhammad, Oxford University Press, 1955 (a reconstruction and translation of Ibn Ishaq).
• Ibn Sa'd -- The book of The Major Classes -- scattered volumes of English translation as issued by Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi (no date), and Ta-Ha Publishers, London, 1997 and 2000.
• Wilferd Madelung -- The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
• Tabari -- History of the Prophets and Kings, translation and commentary issued in multiple volumes by SUNY Press from 1987 to 1996; volumes 6-17 are relevant.
• William Montgomery Watt -- Muhammad at Mecca, 1953 and Muhammad at Medina, Oxford University Press, 1956

[edit] External links

[edit] Sunni biography

• Biography from USC's MSA website

[edit] Shi'a biography

• Brief Biography
• Ali's Birth in the Kaaba
• Website devoted to the Life of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib
• Sayings of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib
• Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib
• Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib The Commander of the Faithfull
• Imam Ali foundation
• Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib Nahjul Balagha
• Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib's status

Preceded by Uthman	Sunni Caliph 656–661	Succeeded by Muawiyah I
Preceded by Muhammad	Shi'a Imam 632–661	Succeeded by Hasan ibn Ali (Hussain ibn Ali accroding to Ismailis)

List of Sahaba
Abbad ibn Bishr	`Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib	`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas	`Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Asad
Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud	`Abd Allah ibn Rawahah	Abd-Allah ibn Sailam	Abd-Allah ibn Ubaiy
Abd-Allah ibn Umm-Maktum	Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr	Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr	Abdullah ibn Hudhafah as-Sahmi
Abdullah ibn Ja'far	Abdullah ibn Sailam	Abu Ayyub al-Ansari	Abu Bakr
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari	Abu Dujana	Abu Fuhayra	Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah
Abu Hurairah	Abu Sufyan ibn Harb	Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith	Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib
Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah	Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabiah	Abu al-Dardaa	Abu-Hudhayfah ibn Utbah
Abu-Musa al-Asha'ari	Abu-Sa'id al-Khudri	Akib ibn Usaid	Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami
Al-Baraa ibn Malik al-Ansari	Al-Nahdiah	Ali	Aminah bint Wahab
Ammar ibn Yasir	Amr ibn al-Jamuh	An-Numan ibn Muqarrin	Anas ibn Malik
Ashaab	Bashir ibn Sa'ad	Bilal ibn Ribah	Bilal ibn al-Harith
Fadl ibn Abbas	Fatima bint Asad	Fatima bint Hizam	Fayruz al-Daylami
Habibah bint Ubayd-Allah	Halima Sadia	Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib	Harithah bint al-Muammil
Hatib ibn Abi Baitah	Hisham ibn Al-Aas	Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman	Hujr ibn Adi
Ja`far bin Abī Tālib	Julaybib	Khabbab ibn al-Aratt	Khalid ibn Sa`id
Khunais ibn Hudhaifa	Kumayl ibn Ziyad	Layla bint al-Minhal	Lubaba bint al-Harith
Lubaynah	Malik Bin Deenar	Malik al-Dar	Malik ibn Ashter
Malik ibn Nuwayrah	Mus`ab ibn `Umair	Miqdad ibn Aswad	Muadh ibn Jabal
Mughira ibn Shu'ba	Muhammad Ibn Maslamah	Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr	Muhammad ibn Maslamah
Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid	Qatadah	Rab'ah ibn Umayah	Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith
Sa`ad ibn ar-Rabi`	Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas	Saffiyah bint ‘Abd al-Muttalib	Said ibn Aamir al-Jumahi
Sa'id ibn Zayd	Salim Mawla Abu Hudhayfah	Salman the Persian	Suhayb ar-Rumi
Ubaydah ibn al-Harith	Umamah bint Zainab	Umar	Umm Kulthum bint Ali
Umm Kulthum bint Jarwila Khuzima	Umm Shareek	Umm Ubays	`Uqbah ibn Amir
Urwah ibn Mas'ud	Usama ibn Zayd	Utbah ibn Ghazwan	Wahb ibn Abd Manaf
Zayd ibn Arqam	Zayd ibn Harithah	Zayd ibn Thabit	Zaynab bint Ali
Khuzaymat ibn sabet	Uthman ibn Hunaif	Mikhnaf ibn Sulaym	Sulayman ibn Surad

List of Ali's companions
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari	Khuzayma ibn Thabit	Miqdad ibn Aswad	Salman the Persian
Ammar ibn Yasir	Malik al-Ashtar	Habib ibn Mazahir	Kumayl ibn Ziyad
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr	Sa'sa'ah ibn Suhan	Zayd ibn Suhan	Hisham ibn 'Utbah
Abdullah ibn Budayl	Maytham al-Tammar	Adi ibn Hatim	Hujr ibn Adi
Asbagh ibn Nubatah	al-Harith al-A'war al-Hamdani	Amr ibn al-Humq al-Khaza'i	Abdullah ibn Hashim
Uways al-Qarni	`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas	Uday ibn Hatam	Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali
Uthman ibn Hunaif	Mikhnaf ibn Sulaym	Sulayman ibn Surad	Jundab ibn Abdullah
Sulaym ibn Qays