Ilyushin Il-14

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Il-14M

This article is about the airplane; for information on the cytokine for stimulating the growth of T cell lymphocytes, see Interleukin 14.

The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name Crate) was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950 and entered service in 1954. Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VEB, in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14, and in China under the Chinese designation Y-6.

1 Design and development
2 Operational history
- 2.1 Incidents and accidents
3 Operators
- 3.1 Military operators
- 3.2 Civil operators
4 References
5 Related content

[edit] Design and development

The Il-14 was developed as a replacement for the widespread Douglas DC-3 and its Soviet built version, the Lisunov Li-2. A development of the earlier Ilyushin Il-12, the Il-14 was intended for mass use in both military and civil applications.

The Il-14 development was much refined over its predecessor--with a new wing and a more angular tailfin--powered by two 1900 hp (1400 kW) Shvetsov ASh-82T-7 radial piston engines. More than 1000 were built, with some sources claiming more than 3500. It was reliable and widely used in rural areas with poor quality airfields.

[edit] Operational history

[edit] Incidents and accidents

See also: List of Ilyushin Il-14 incidents

[edit] Operators

Countries which have operated the Il-14

Very few examples remain airworthy, with some still in use for freight duties and a handful maintained by aviation clubs and enthusiasts. However, the unlicenced Chinese built Y-6 remained in the People's Liberation Army Air Force as a trainer until late 1980s.

[edit] Military operators

Afghanistan: 26 were supplied to the Afghan Air Force from 1955 onwards^[1]. By 1979, the force was reduced to 10, equipping a single squadron^[2].
Albania: 11 have been been operated by the Albanian Air Force from 1957. None remain in service as of 1999. 8 Il-14M were delivered from 1957, with four remaining by 1979^[2]. A single Avia built Il-14T along with 2 VEB built Il-14P transports were delivered in 1983 and retired by 1996^[1].
Algeria: 12 were delivered from 1962, with the last phased out in 1997^[1]. Only four were operational by 1979^[2].
Bulgaria: 20 were delivered from 1960, including Il-14M and VEB built Il-14P examples^[1]. The Il-14P was retired by 1974, and only 4 Il-14M remained by 1979^[2].
China: More than 50 have been operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force from 1955, mostly of the Il-14M and locally produced Y-6 variations. Some have been reported in use by the People's Liberation Army Navy as well. Final examples were withdrawn by the late 1990s^[1].
Republic of the Congo: 5 were delivered from 1960 and remained in service until 1997^[1]. All were reported on strength in 1979^[2].
Cuba: 20 were delivered from 1961 and served as late as 1992^[1].
Czechoslovakia: 50 were operated from 1958, though most were locally built examples delivered from 1968. Most were retired prior to the split of Czechoslovakia, though a small number may have served briefly with its successor states^[1].
East Germany: 30 were delivered, beginning with 11 Ilyushin built aircraft from 1956 and deliveries of VEB built aircraft commencing the following year and totalling 19 examples. 20 remained by 1979^[2], and all were withdrawn by 1990, with none being passed on to the unified German Luftwaffe^[1].
Egypt: 70 were operated by the Egyptian Air Force from 1955. Most were Soviet built models, but at least one VEB built Il-14P was delivered in 1957. Numerous aircraft were destroyed by Israel during conflicts, but 26 survived to the peace of 1979^[2]. Acquisition of Western aircraft from then on led to the retirement of the Il-14 by 1994^[1].
Ethiopia: 2 were acquired in 1965, with one remaining in service by 1979^[2] and finally retired by 1994^[1].
Guinea-Bissau: 4 were in operation in 1979^[2].
Hungary: 10 were operated by the Hungarian Air Force from 1955, including some VEB built aircraft. These remained operational through 1993^[1].
India: 26 were delivered from 1955^[1] but were withdrawn by 1979^[2].
Indonesia: 22 were delivered from 1957 and withdrawn by 1975^[1]^[2].
Iraq: 13 Il-14M were delivered in 1958, with 3 remaining by 1979^[2]. The last aircraft were withdrawn after the first Gulf War^[1].
Mongolia: 15 were delivered from 1956 with 6 remaining in service by 1979^[2]. None remained in service by 1994^[1].
DPR Korea: About 15 have been operated from 1958 with fewer than 10 in service by 1979^[2] and the last withdrawn by 1998^[1].
North Yemen: 6 or more were delivered from 1958, with a single example flying in 1979^[2]. This was passed on to the unified Yemen.

Ilyushin Il-14

Poland: 12 or more served from 1955, including Soviet built Il-14P, Il-14S, and Il-14T, as well as VEB built Il-14P and Il-14T models. These served as late as 1995^[1].
Romania: 33 were delivered from 1955, including 30 VEB built Il-14P models as well as 3 Il-14M aircraft delivered in 1961. Only 4 remained in service by 1979^[2], with the last Il-14M being retired in 1983. None remained in service by 1993^[1].
South Yemen: 4 were delivered from 1966, serving as late as 1988^[1].
Soviet Union: Serving from 1954, 235 were in service in 1979^[2].
Syria: 16 were delivered from 1957, with 8 remaining in service by 1979^[2]. Final examples were in service as late as 1998^[1].
Vietnam: 45 were delivered from 1958, with 12 remaining in service by 1979^[2]. None remained in service by 1998^[1].
Yemen: 1 was inherited from North Yemen in 1990, serving for a short time before being retired^[1].
Yugoslavia: 12 were delivered from 1963, with up to 10 still in service by 1979^[2]. None remained in service by 1998^[1].