Ki Teitzei

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Ki Teitzei, Ki Tetzei, Ki Tetse, Ki Thetze, Ki Tese, Ki Tetzey, or Ki Seitzei (כי תצא — Hebrew for “when you go,” the first words in the parshah) is the 49th weekly parshah or portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the sixth in the book of Deuteronomy. It constitutes Deuteronomy 21:10–25:19. Jews in the Diaspora generally read it in late August or September.

1 Summary
2 In Rabbinic interpretation
3 Commandments
4 Haftarah
5 The Weekly Maqam
6 Further reading
7 External links

[edit] Summary

[edit] The beautiful captive

Moses directed the Israelites that when God delivered enemies into their power, the Israelites took captives, an Israelite saw among the captives a beautiful woman, he desired her, and wanted to marry her, the Israelite was to bring her into his house and have her trim her hair, pare her nails, discard her captive’s garb, and spend a month lamenting her father and mother. (Deut. 21:10–13.) Thereafter, the Israelite could take her as his wife. (Deut. 21:13.) But if he should find that he no longer wanted her, he had to release her outright, and not sell her for money as a slave. (Deut. 21:14.)

[edit] Inheritance among the sons of two wives

If a man had two wives, one loved and one unloved, both bore him sons, but the unloved one bore him his firstborn son, then when he willed his property to his sons, he could not treat the son of the loved wife as firstborn in disregard of the older son of the unloved wife; rather, he was required to accept the firstborn, the son of the unloved one, and allot to him his birthright of a double portion of all that he possessed. (Deut. 21:15–17.)

impalement of Judeans in a Neo-Assyrian relief

[edit] The wayward son

If a couple had a wayward and defiant son, who did not heed his father or mother and did not obey them even after they disciplined him, then they were to bring him to the elders of his town and publicly declare their son to be disloyal, defiant, heedless, a glutton, and a drunkard. (Deut. 21:18–20.) The men of his town were then to stone him to death. (Deut. 21:21.)

[edit] The corpse of an executed man

If the community executed a man for a capital offense and impaled him on a stake, they were not to let his corpse remain on the stake overnight, but were to bury him the same day, for an impaled body affronted God. (Deut. 21:22–23.)

[edit] Found property

If one found another’s lost ox, sheep, ass, garment, or any other lost thing, then the finder could not ignore it, but was required to take it back to its owner. (Deut. 22:1–3.) If the owner did not live near the finder or the finder did not know the identity of the owner, then the finder was to bring the thing home and keep it until the owner claimed it. (Deut. 22:2–3.)

If one came upon another’s ass or ox fallen on the road, then one could not ignore it, but was required to help the owner to raise it. (Deut. 22:4.)

mother sandpiper and egg in nest

[edit] Ordinances

A woman was not to put on man’s apparel, nor a man wear woman’s clothing. (Deut. 22:5.)

If one came upon a bird’s nest with the mother bird sitting over fledglings or eggs, then one could not take the mother together with her young, but was required to let the mother go and take only the young. (Deut. 22:6–7.)

When one built a new house, one had to make a parapet for the roof, so that no one should fall from it. (Deut. 22:8.)

tzitzit

One was not to sow a vineyard with a second kind of seed, nor use the yield of such vineyard. (Deut. 22:9.) One was not to plow with an ox and an ass together. (Deut. 22:10.) One was not to wear cloth combining wool and linen. (Deut. 22:11.)

One was to make tassels (tzitzit) on the four corners of the garment with which one covered oneself. (Deut. 22:12.)

[edit] Sexual offenses

If a man married a woman, cohabited with her, took an aversion to her, and falsely charged her with not having been a virgin at the time of the marriage, then the woman’s parents were to produce the cloth with evidence of the woman’s virginity before the town elders at the town gate. (Deut. 22:13–17.) The elders were then to have the man flogged and fine him 100 shekels of silver to be paid to the woman’s father. (Deut. 22:18–19.) The woman was to remain the man’s wife, and he was never to have the right to divorce her. (Deut. 22:19.) But if the elders found that woman had not been a virgin, then the woman was to be brought to the entrance of her father’s house and stoned to death by the men of her town. (Deut. 22:20–21.)

If a man was found lying with another man’s wife, both the man and the woman with whom he lay were to die. (Deut. 22:22.)

If in a city, a man lay with a virgin who was engaged to a man, then the authorities were to take the two of them to the town gate and stone them to death — the girl because she did not cry for help, and the man because he violated another man’s wife. (Deut. 22:23–24.) But if the man lay with the girl by force in the open country, only the man was to die, for there was no one to save her. (Deut. 22:25–27.)

If a man seized a virgin who was not engaged and lay with her, then the man was to pay the girl’s father 50 shekels of silver, she was to become the man’s wife, and he was never to have the right to divorce her. (Deut. 22:28–29.)

No man could marry his father’s former wife. (Deut. 23:1.)

[edit] Membership in the congregation

God’s congregation could not admit into membership anyone whose testes were crushed, anyone whose member was cut off, anyone misbegotten, anyone descended within ten generations from one misbegotten, any Ammonite or Moabite, or anyone descended within ten generations from an Ammonite or Moabite. (Deut. 23:2–4.) As long as they lived, Israelites were not to concern themselves with the welfare or benefit of Ammonites or Moabites, because they did not meet the Israelites with food and water after the Israelites left Egypt, and because they hired Balaam to curse the Israelites — but God refused to heed Balaam, turning his curse into a blessing. (Deut. 23:5–7.)

The Israelites were not to abhor the Edomites, for they were kinsman, nor Egyptians, for the Israelites were strangers in Egypt. (Deut. 23:8.) Great grandchildren of Edomites or Egyptians could be admitted into the congregation. (Deut. 23:9.)

[edit] Camp hygiene

Any Israelite rendered unclean by a nocturnal emission had to leave the Israelites military camp, bathe in water toward evening, and reenter the camp at sundown. (Deut. 23:11–12.) The Israelites were to designate an area outside the camp where they might relieve themselves, and to carry a spike to dig a hole and cover up their excrement. (Deut. 23:13–14.) As God moved about in their camp to protect them and to deliver their enemies, the Israelites were to keep their camp holy. (Deut. 23:15.)

[edit] More ordinances

If a slave sought refuge with the Israelites, they were not to turn the slave over to the slave’s master, but were to let the former slave live in any place the former slave might choose among the Israelites’ settlements and not ill-treat the former slave. (Deut. 23:16–17.)

Israelites were forbidden to act as harlots, sodomites, or cult prostitutes, and from bringing the wages of prostitution into the house of God in fulfillment of any vow. (Deut. 23:18–19.)

Israelites were forbidden to charge interest on loans to their countrymen, but they could charge interest on loans to foreigners. (Deut. 23:20–21.)

grapes

Israelites were required promptly to fulfill vows to God, whereas they incurred no guilt if they refrained from vowing. (Deut. 23:22–24.)

A visiting Israelite was allowed to enter another’s vineyard and eat grapes until full, but the visitor was forbidden to put any in a vessel. (Deut. 23:25.) Similarly, a visiting Israelite was allowed to enter another’s field of standing grain and pluck ears by hand, but the visitor was forbidden to cut the neighbor’s grain with a sickle. (Deut. 23:25.)

A divorced woman who remarried and then lost her second husband to divorce or death was not allowed to remarry her first husband. (Deut. 24:1–4.)

A newlywed man was exempt from army duty for one year so as to give happiness to his wife. (Deut. 24:5.)

Israelites were forbidden to take a handmill or an upper millstone in pawn, for that would be equivalent to taking someone’s livelihood in pawn. (Deut. 24:6.)

One found to have kidnapped a fellow Israelite was to die. (Deut. 24:7.)

In cases of a skin affection, Israelites were to do exactly as the priests instructed, remembering that God afflicted and then healed Miriam’s skin after the Israelites left Egypt. (Deut. 24:8–9.)

An Israelite who lent to a fellow Israelite was forbidden to enter the borrower’s house to seize a pledge, but was required to remain outside while the borrower brought the pledge out to the lender. (Deut. 24:10–11.) If the borrower was needy, the lender was forbidden to sleep in the pledge, but had to return the pledge to the borrower at sundown, so that the borrower might sleep in the cloth and bless the lender before God. (Deut. 24:12–13.)

Israelites were forbidden to abuse a needy and destitute laborer, whether an Israelite or a stranger, and were required to pay the laborer’s wages on the same day, before the sun set, as the laborer would urgently depend on the wages. (Deut. 24:14–15.)

Parents were not to be put to death for children, nor were children to be put to death for parents: a person was to be put to death only for the person’s own crime. (Deut. 24:16.)

“The Gleaners” (illustration by Gustave Doré)

Israelites were forbidden to subvert the rights of the stranger or the fatherless, and were forbidden to take a widow’s garment in pawn, remembering that they were slaves in Egypt and that God redeemed them. (Deut. 24:17–18.) When Israelites reaped the harvest in their fields and overlooked a sheaf, they were not to turn back to get it, but were to leave it to the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. (Deut. 24:19.)

“The Olive Trees” (painting by Vincent van Gogh)

Similarly, when Israelites beat down the fruit of their olive trees or gathered the grapes of their vineyards, they were not to go over them again, but were leave what remained for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, remembering that they were slaves in Egypt. (Deut. 24:20–22.)

When one was to be flogged, the magistrate was to have the guilty one lie down and be whipped in the magistrate’s presence as warranted, but not more than 40 lashes, so that the guilty one would not be degraded. (Deut. 25:1–3.)

Israelites were forbidden to muzzle an ox while it was threshing. (Deut. 25:4.)

When brothers dwelt together and one of them died leaving no son, the surviving brother was to marry the wife of the deceased and perform the levir’s duty, and the first son that she bore was to be accounted to the dead brother, that his name might survive. (Deut. 25:5–6.) But if the surviving brother did not want to marry his brother’s widow, then the widow was to appear before the elders at the town gate and declare that the brother refused to perform the levir’s duty, the elders were to talk to him, and if he insisted, the widow was to go up to him before the elders, pull the sandal off his foot, spit in his face, and declare: “Thus shall be done to the man who will not build up his brother’s house!” (Deut. 25:7–9.) They shall then call him “the family of the unsandaled one.” (Deut. 25:10.)

If two men fought with each other, and to save her husband the wife of one seized the other man’s genitals, then her hand was to be cut off. (Deut. 25:11–12.)

Israelites were forbidden to have alternate weights or measures, larger and smaller, but were required to have completely honest weights and measures. (Deut. 25:13–16.)

Israelites were required to remember what the Amalekites did to them on their journey, after they left Egypt, surprising them and cutting down all the stragglers at their rear. (Deut. 25:17–18.) The Israelites were enjoined not to forget to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. (Deut. 25:19.)

[edit] In Rabbinic interpretation

Rabbi Jose noted that the law of Deuteronomy 23:8 rewarded the Egyptians for their hospitality notwithstanding that Genesis 47:6 indicated that the Egyptians befriended the Israelites only for their own benefit. Rabbi Jose concluded that if Providence thus rewarded one with mixed motives, Providence will reward even more one who selflessly shows hospitality to a scholar. (Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 63b.)

[edit] Commandments

According to Maimonides and Sefer ha-Chinuch, there are 27 positive and 47 negative commandments in the parshah.

To keep the laws of the captive woman (Deut. 21:11.)
Not to sell the captive woman into slavery (Deut. 21:14.)
Not to retain the captive woman for servitude after having relations with her (Deut. 21:14.)
The courts must hang those stoned for blasphemy or idolatry. (Deut. 21:22.)
To bury the executed on the day that they die (Deut. 21:23.)
Not to delay burial overnight (Deut. 21:23.)
To return a lost object to its owner (Deut. 22:1.)
Not to turn a blind eye to a lost object (Deut. 22:3.)
Not to leave another’s beast lying under its burden (Deut. 22:4.)
To lift up a load for a Jew (Deut. 22:4.)
Women must not wear men's clothing. (Deut. 22:5.)
Men must not wear women's clothing. (Deut. 22:5.)
Not to take the mother bird from her children (Deut. 22:6.)
To release the mother bird if she was taken from the nest (Deut. 22:7.)
To build a parapet (Deut. 22:8.)
Not to leave a stumbling block about (Deut. 22:8.)
Not to plant grains or greens in a vineyard (Deut. 22:9.)
Not to eat diverse seeds planted in a vineyard (Deut. 22:9.)
Not to do work with two kinds of animals together (Deut. 22:10.)
Not to wear cloth of wool and linen (Deut. 22:11.)
To marry a wife by means of ketubah and kiddushin (Deut. 22:13.)
The slanderer must remain married to his wife. (Deut. 22:19.)
The slanderer must not divorce his wife. (Deut. 22:19.)
The court must have anyone who merits stoning stoned to death. (Deut. 22:24.)
Not to punish anyone compelled to commit a transgression (Deut. 22:26.)
The rapist must marry his victim if she chooses. (Deut. 22:29.)
The rapist is not allowed to divorce his victim. (Deut. 22:29.)
Not to let a eunuch marry into the Jewish people (Deut. 23:2.)
Not to let the child of an adulterous or incestuous union (a mamzer) marry into the Jewish people (Deut. 23:3.)
Not to let Moabite and Ammonite men marry into the Jewish people (Deut. 23:4.)
Not to ever offer peace to Moab or Ammon (Deut. 23:7.)
Not to exclude a third generation Edomite convert from marrying into the Jewish people (Deut. 23:8-9.)
To exclude Egyptian converts from marrying into the Jewish people only for the first two generations (Deut. 23:8-9.)
A ritually unclean person should not enter the camp of the Levites. (Deut. 23:11.)
To prepare a place of easement in a camp (Deut. 23:13.)
To prepare a boring-stick or spade for easement in a camp (Deut. 23:14.)
Not to return a slave who fled into Israel from his master abroad (Deut. 23:16.)
Not to oppress a slave who fled into Israel from his master abroad (Deut. 23:17.)
Not to have relations with women not married by means of ketubah and kiddushin (Deut. 23:18.)
Not to bring the wage of a harlot or the exchange price of a dog as a holy offering (Deut. 23:19.)
Not to borrow at interest from a Jew (Deut. 23:20.)
To lend at interest to a non-Jew if the non-Jew needs a loan, but not to a Jew (Deut. 23:21.)
Not to be tardy with vowed and voluntary offerings (Deut. 23:22.)
To fulfill whatever goes out from one’s mouth (Deut. 23:24.)
To allow a hired worker to eat certain foods while under hire (Deut. 23:25.)
That a hired hand should not raise a sickle to another’s standing grain (Deut. 23:25.)
That a hired hand is forbidden to eat from the employer’s crops during work (Deut. 23:26.)
To issue a divorce by means of a get document (Deut. 24:1.)
A man must not remarry his ex-wife after she has married someone else. (Deut. 24:4.)
Not to demand from the bridegroom any involvement, communal or military during the first year (Deut. 24:5.)
To give him who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard a year to rejoice therewith (Deut. 24:5.)
Not to demand as collateral utensils needed for preparing food (Deut. 24:6.)
The metzora must not remove his signs of impurity. (Deut. 24:8.)
The creditor must not forcibly take collateral. (Deut. 24:10.)
Not to delay return of collateral when needed (Deut. 24:12.)
To return the collateral to the debtor when needed (Deut. 24:13.)
To pay wages on the day that they were earned (Deut. 24:15.)
Relatives of the litigants must not testify. (Deut. 24:16.)
A judge must not pervert a case involving a convert or orphan. (Deut. 24:17.)
Not to demand collateral from a widow (Deut. 24:17.)
To leave the forgotten sheaves in the field (Deut. 24:19.)
Not to retrieve the forgotten sheaves (Deut. 24:19.)
The precept of whiplashes for the wicked (Deut. 25:2.)
The court must not exceed the prescribed number of lashes. (Deut. 25:3.)
Not to muzzle an ox while plowing (Deut. 25:4.)
The widow must not remarry until the ties with her brother-in-law are removed. (Deut. 25:5.)
To marry a childless brother's widow (to do yibum) (Deut. 25:5.)
To free a widow from yibum (to do chalitzah) (Deut. 25:9.)
To save someone being pursued by a killer, even by taking the life of the pursuer (Deut. 25:12.)
To have no mercy on a pursuer with intent to kill (Deut. 25:12.)
Not to possess inaccurate scales and weights even if they are not for use (Deut. 25:13.)
To remember what Amalek did to the Jewish people (Deut. 25:17.)
To wipe out the descendants of Amalek (Deut. 25:19.)
Not to forget Amalek’s atrocities and ambush on the Israelites’ journey from Egypt in the desert (Deut. 25:19.)

[edit] Haftarah

The haftarah for the parshah is Isaiah 54:1–10.

[edit] The Weekly Maqam

In the Weekly Maqam, Sephardic Jews each week base the songs of the services on the content of that week's parasha. For Parasha Ki Teitzei, Sephardic Jews apply Maqam Saba. Saba, in Hebrew, literally means "army". It is appropriate here, because the parasha commences with the discussion of what to do in certain cases of war with the army.

[edit] Further reading

The parshah has parallels or is discussed in these sources:

Genesis 29:30–31 (two wives, one loved and one unloved); 38:1–26 (levirate marriage).
Leviticus 19:13.
Jeremiah 22:13–14.
Ruth 4:1–13 (levirate marriage).
Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 63b.
Sifre to Deuteronomy 211:1–296:6 (e.g., Jacob Neusner, Sifre to Deuteronomy, vol. 2, 111–266. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987).
Deuteronomy Rabbah 6:1–14.
Thomas Mann. Joseph and His Brothers. Translated by John E. Woods, 55–56, 269–71. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. ISBN 1-4000-4001-9. Originally published as Joseph und seine Brüder. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer Verlag, 1943.