Manufacturing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Manufacturing, a branch of industry, is the application of tools and a processing medium to the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale. This effort includes all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead. The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and Industrial Design.
According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth consuming.[1] [2] Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. The Midwest region of the United States has a higher employment to population ratio (the number of people employed as a percent of the population) than the Northeast, the South, or the Sun Belt states. [3] It is also the focal point on the continent for the automobile industry. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.
On the other hand, some manufacturing may involve significant social and environmental costs. The clean-up costs of hazardous waste, for example, may outweigh the benefits. Hazardous materials may expose workers to health risks. Developed countries regulate manufacturing activity with labor laws and environmental laws. In the United States, manufacturers are subject to regulations by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency In Europe, pollution taxes to offset environmental costs are another form of regulation on manufacturing activity. Labor Unions and craft guilds have played a historic role negotiation of worker rights and wages. Environment laws and labor protections that are available in developed nations may not be available in the third world. Tort law and product liability impose additional costs on manufacturing.
Examples of major manufacturers in the United States include General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler, Boeing, Gates Rubber Company and Pfizer. Examples in Europe include France's Airbus and Michelin Tire. Modern proponents of Fair Trade policy and a strong manufacturing base for the U.S. economy include economists like Paul Craig Roberts, Ravi Batra, and Lou Dobbs.
Contents |
[edit] Context
- The economics and commercial management of a manufacturing company is covered in Business.
- The classification of those Businesses is covered in Industry.
- The economic decisions taken within this activity is covered in Production.
- The law as applied to businesses in covered in Commercial Law.
- The general management of a business is in Management (see also: General manager).
- The political impact of the development of industry is covered in Political economy
- The use of computer technology is covered by Product Lifecycle Management, Advanced Planning and Scheduling and Scheduling (production processes)
[edit] History and development
- The beginnings of manufacturing is covered in the Industrial Revolution article.
- The development of the manufacturing facility is covered in the factory article.
- The development of the applied science behind manufacturing is covered in the industrial process article.
[edit] Manufacturing systems: The changing methods of manufacturing
- Craft or Guild system
- English system of manufacturing
- American System of manufacturing
- Soviet collectivism in manufacturing
- Mass production
- Just In Time manufacturing
- Lean manufacturing
- Flexible manufacturing
- Mass customization
- Agile manufacturing
- Rapid manufacturing
- Prefabrication
[edit] Uses and role of manufacturing
According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth consuming.[4][5] Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.
On the other hand, some manufacturing may involve significant social and environmental costs. The clean-up costs of hazardous waste, for example, may outweigh the benefits. Hazardous materials may expose workers to health risks. Developed countries regulate manufacturing activity with labor laws and environmental laws. In the United States, manufacturers are subject to regulations by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency In Europe, pollution taxes to offset environmental costs are another form of regulation on manufacturing activity. Labor Unions and craft guilds have played a historic role negotiation of worker rights and wages. Environment laws and labor protections that are available in developed nations may not be available in the third world. Tort law and product liability impose additional costs on manufacturing.
[edit] Taxonomy of manufacturing processes
Taxonomy of manufacturing processes
Manufacturing Process Management
[edit] Manufacturing categories
- Aerospace manufacturing
- Agribusiness
- Alternate energy
- Automobile manufacturing
- Biotechnology
- Brewing industry
- Cognotechnology
- Chemical industry
- Clothing industry
- Construction
- Electronics
- Engineering
- Emerging technologies
- Energy industries including the production of petroleum, gas and Electric power
- Ethanol
- Food and Beverage
- Fuel Cell technology
- injection molding
- industrial design design & styling of products
- Machine Tools
- Nanotechnology
- Metalworking
- Pharmaceutical
- Plastics
- Steel production
- Semiconductor
- Steel industry
- Telecommunications Industry
- Tire manufacturing
- Tobacco industry
[edit] Theories
[edit] Control
[edit] Lists of related topics
- list of engineering topics
- list of management topics
- list of production topics
- list of marketing topics
- list of economics topics
- list of international trade topics
- list of finance topics
- list of accounting topics
- list of information technology management topics
- list of business law topics
- list of human resource management topics
- list of business theorists
- list of economists
- list of corporate leaders
[edit] See also
- Main list: List of basic manufacturing topics
- Assembly line
- Automakers
- AFL-CIO
- Deindustrialization
- Distributor
- Emerging technologies
- Factory
- Fair Trade
- Industry
- Industrial robot
- Labor
- Laser
- Laser cutting
- Materials
- Management
- Manufacturing Belt
- MESA International
- NAFTA
- National Association of Manufacturers
- Primary sector of industry
- Secondary sector of industry
- Tertiary sector of industry
- Quaternary sector of industry
- Selective laser sintering
- UAW
- Warehouse
- Wholesaler
[edit] References
- ^ David Friedman, New America Foundation (2002-06-16).No Light at the End of the Tunnel Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Sir Keith Joseph, Center for Policy Studies (1976-04-05).Stockton Lecture, Monetarism Is Not Enough, with forward by Margaret Thatcher. (Barry Rose Pub.) Margaret Thatcher Foundation (2006).
- ^ Bureau of Labor Statistics
- ^ David Friedman, New America Foundation (2002-06-16).No Light at the End of the Tunnel Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Sir Keith Joseph, Center for Policy Studies (1976-04-05).Stockton Lecture, Monetarism Is Not Enough, with forward by Margaret Thatcher. (Barry Rose Pub.) Margaret Thatcher Foundation (2006).
[edit] External links
- MESA International Association Website
- How Everyday Things Are Made
- Engineers Edge
- Manufacturers Alliance
- Logistics Quarterly
- National Association of Manufacturers
- The Logistics Institute
- The Manufacturer
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization
- US Manufacturer Directory
- Manufacturing Engineering Centre (MEC), Cardiff University, UK.
