Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)
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| "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" | ||
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| Song by The Beatles | ||
| from the album Rubber Soul | ||
| Released | 3 December 1965 | |
| Recorded | Abbey Road Studios 17 June, 12 October - 11 November 1965 |
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| Genre | Rock | |
| Length | 2:05 | |
| Label | EMI, Parlophone, Capitol | |
| Writer(s) | Lennon/McCartney | |
| Producer(s) | George Martin | |
| Music sample | ||
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"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" (file info) |
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| Rubber Soul track listing | ||
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"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" is a song by The Beatles which first appeared on the 1965 album Rubber Soul. While credited to Lennon-McCartney, it was primarily written by John Lennon, though Paul McCartney contributed to the middle eight section. It is notable as one of the first Western pop songs with an Indian musical instrument — John Lennon's guitar is accompanied by George Harrison on the sitar. The song is a lilting acoustic ballad featuring Lennon's lead vocal and signature Beatle harmonies in the middle eight.
"Norwegian Wood" was one of several songs on Rubber Soul in which the singer faces an antagonistic relationship with a woman. In direct contrast to earlier Beatles songs such as "She Loves You" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand", the songs on Rubber Soul were considerably darker in their outlook towards romantic relationships.
As the second song on the Rubber Soul album, following the more conventional "Drive My Car" ("I've Just Seen a Face" on the US version), the exotic instrumentation and oblique lyric represented one of the first indications to fans of the expanding musical vocabulary and experimental approach that the group was rapidly adopting.
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[edit] Eastern influence
It was Harrison, who would later be strongly influenced by transcendental meditation and eventually become a Hindu for the remainder of his life, who decided on using a sitar when the Beatles recorded the song on 12 October and 21 October 1965. As he recounted later:
- We were waiting to shoot the restaurant scene [in Help! the movie] ... where the guy gets thrown in the soup and there were a few Indian musicians playing in the background. I remember picking up the sitar and trying to hold it and thinking, "This is a funny sound." It was an incidental thing, but somewhere down the line I began to hear Ravi Shankar's name.... So I went and bought a Ravi record; put it on and it hit a certain spot in me that I can't explain, but it seemed very familiar to me. It just called on me.... I bought a cheap sitar from a shop called India Craft in London. I hadn't really figured out what to do with it. But when we were working on "Norwegian Wood" it just needed something. It was quite spontaneous ... I just picked it up and found the notes and just played it. We miked it up and put it on and it just seemed to hit the spot.[citation needed]
Complementing the Indian instrumentation, most of the song is in the mixolydian musical mode. Although the motif for the melody, the first six notes, sounds like it is directly lifted from the third movement of Tchaikovsky's Manfred Symphony, they are in fact drawn from the antarã [upper-octave variation] of a well-known gat [fixed composition set to a rhythmic accompaniment] of the late-night rāga Bageshree, in Hindustani classical music.
[edit] Lyrics
The lyrics of the song sketch an encounter between the singer and an unnamed girl (or "bird" in British slang). They drink wine in her room and talk into the night. It is unclear as to whether their flirtation is consummated. The unnamed girl states "it's time for bed" followed by an interlude of acoustics and sitar giving the impression that they have gone to bed together which may seem obvious after wine and late night conversations in a room that contains no furniture upon which to sit beside the bed and floor. However, does the interlude infer time has passed before the singer "crawl[s] off to sleep in the bath"? Or does the singer do this instead of going to bed with the woman? It would seem a more likely scenario that the song is about an affair.
The exact meaning of the title "Norwegian Wood" remains a mystery. The name of the song is mentioned in the first verse ("She showed me her room / Isn't it good? / Norwegian wood?") and again in its last line ("So, I lit a fire / Isn't it good? / Norwegian wood?").
McCartney himself claims the final line of the song implies that the singer burned the home of the girl. As he explained:
- Peter Asher [brother of McCartney's then-girlfriend Jane Asher] had just done his room out in wood, and a lot of people were decorating their places in wood. Norwegian wood. It was pine, really, just cheap pine. But it's not as good a title, is it, "Cheap Pine"? It was a little parody, really, on those kind of girls who, when you'd get back to their flat, there would be a lot of Norwegian wood. It was completely imaginary from my point of view, but not from John's. It was based on an affair he had. She made him sleep in the bath and then, finally, in the last verse, I had this idea to set the Norwegian wood on fire as a revenge. She led him on and said, "You'd better sleep in the bath." And in our world, that meant the guy having some sort of revenge, so it meant burning the place down....[citation needed]
This exchange took place in a press conference in Los Angeles:
- Reporter: I'd like to direct this question to messrs. Lennon and McCartney. In a recent article, Time magazine put down pop music. And they referred to "Day Tripper" as being about a prostitute...
- Paul: Oh yeah.
- Reporter: ...and "Norwegian Wood" as being about a lesbian.
- Paul: Oh yeah.
- Reporter: I just wanted to know what your intent was when you wrote it, and what your feeling is about the Time magazine criticism of the music that is being written today.
- Paul: We were just trying to write songs about prostitutes and lesbians, that's all.[1]
On the Anthology 2 version, the lyrics of "Norwegian Wood" sound almost slurred, which has inspired an interpretation of the phrase "norwegian wood" itself to be a coy way of saying "knowing she would".[citation needed] Such suggestive lyrics were often not permitted for broadcast at that time; for example, lyrics to The Rolling Stones song "Let's Spend the Night Together" were modified to "let's spend some time together" for television performance.
[edit] Inspiration from infidelity
The song was apparently inspired by Lennon's extra-marital flings. Ironically, he wrote it while he was on a holiday with his wife, Cynthia, at St. Moritz in the Swiss Alps. They were joined by the Beatles' producer George Martin, who had injured himself early in the holiday, and his wife. Martin recalled:
- It was during this time that John was writing songs for Rubber Soul, and one of the songs he composed in the hotel bedroom, while we were all gathered around, nursing my broken foot, was a little ditty he would play to me on his acoustic guitar. The song was "Norwegian Wood". [1]
When asked what the lyrics were about, Martin answered:
- My wife is going to give me a hard time for saying this. It was one of John's indiscretions. I remember we were sitting at the veranda outside our hotel rooms in St. Moritz and John was playing at his guitar and working out the text: "I once had a girl, or should I say, she once had me." He felt that Cynthia had tricked him to marry her.[citation needed]
Martin referred to the words as "a very bitter little story".[2]
Lennon said of the song: "I was trying to write about an affair, so it was very gobbledegooky. I was trying to write about an affair without letting my wife know I was having one. I was sort of writing from my experiences ... girl's flats, things like that." He also said:
- "Norwegian Wood" is my song completely. It was about an affair I was having. I was very careful and paranoid because I didn't want my wife, Cyn, to know that there really was something going on outside of the household. I'd always had some kind of affairs going on, so I was trying to be sophisticated in writing about an affair ... but in such a smoke-screen way that you couldn't tell. But I can't remember any specific woman it had to do with.[citation needed]
Lennon's friend Pete Shotton speculated that the woman in question was a journalist of their acquaintance (possibly Maureen Cleave).[3]
[edit] Influence
Lennon acknowledged being strongly influenced by Bob Dylan during this time period, and the rather opaque lyrics of "Norwegian Wood" seem to reflect this. Dylan responded with "4th Time Around", a song boasting a similar melody, subject matter and lyrical delivery. Rock journalists and even Lennon himself felt it to be a rather pointed parody of "Wood" (some thought the song's closing line - "And I, I never took much/I never asked for your crutch/Now don't ask for mine" - to be directed toward Lennon), though Lennon later told his biographer that he considered Dylan's effort to be more a playful homage.
"Norwegian Wood" has been covered many times by such artists as Jan and Dean, Acker Bilk, Buddy Rich, Herbie Hancock, Alanis Morissette, P. M. Dawn, Victor Wooten (who uses it as a solo spot live) and Cornershop; Cornershop's version, from their album When I Was Born for the 7th Time, is entirely in Punjabi. It was played live during U2's Vertigo Tour. Artist Frank Zappa recorded a version satirising the sex scandal involving Jimmy Swaggart, but it is only available on bootleg recordings.
The song has had impact outside musical circles as well. For instance, Japanese author Haruki Murakami wrote a novel entitled Norwegian Wood, a reference to the song. Norwegian-American presidential nominee Walter Mondale was nicknamed "Norwegian Wood" during the 1984 presidential election.
The Norwegian music festival Norwegian Wood, which takes place in Oslo, is named after the song.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Beatles Press Conference: Los Angeles. Beatles Ultimate Experience: The Beatles Interview Database (1966-08-28). Retrieved on March 7, 2007.
- ^ "Tales of Abbey Road", Beatlefan No. 86, p. 16; cited in Bob Spitz, The Beatles, p. 585.
- ^ Bob Spitz, The Beatles, p. 585.
[edit] References
- The Ultimate Beatles Experience. Retrieved 7 September 2004.
