Transferase
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:
- A–X + B → A + B–X
In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor. The donor is often a coenzyme.
[edit] Nomenclature
Proper names of transferases are formed as "donor:acceptor grouptransferase." However, other names are much more common. The common names of transferases are often formed as "acceptor grouptransferase" or "donor grouptransferase." For example, a DNA methyltransferase is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA acceptor.
[edit] Classification
Transferases are classified as EC 2 in the EC number classification. Transferases can be further classified into nine subclasses:
- EC 2.1 includes enzymes that transfer one-carbon groups (methyltransferase)
- EC 2.2 includes enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups
- EC 2.3 includes acyltransferases
- EC 2.4 includes glycosyltransferases
- EC 2.5 includes enzymes that transfer alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
- EC 2.6 includes enzymes that transfer nitrogenous groups (transaminase)
- EC 2.7 includes enzymes that transfer phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferase, including polymerase and kinase)
- EC 2.8 includes enzymes that transfer sulfur-containing groups (sulfurtransferase and sulfotransferase)
- EC 2.9 includes enzymes that transfer selenium-containing groups
[edit] References
- EC 2 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary University of London
Active site - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - EC number - Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme kinetics - Enzyme inhibitor - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics
EC1 Oxidoreductases,O+R+D/list (alcohol oxidoreductases, CH-CH oxidoreductases, peroxidase, oxygenase) - EC2 Transferases/list (methyltransferase, acyltransferase, glycosyltransferase, transaminase, phosphotransferase, polymerase, kinase) - EC3 Hydrolases/list (esterase, DNA glycosylases, glycosidase, protease, acid anhydride hydrolases) - EC4 Lyases/list (carboxy-lyases, aldolase, dehydratase, synthase, adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase) - EC5 Isomerases/list (mutase, topoisomerase) - EC6 Ligases/list (DNA ligase, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase)
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase - Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase - Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase - Citrate synthase
Acetyltransferases: Beta-galactoside transacetylase - Choline acetyltransferase - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase - Histone acetyltransferase (P300/CBP)- N-Acetylglutamate synthase -
Serotonin N-acetyl transferase
Aminoacyltransferases: Peptidyl transferase - Transglutaminase (Tissue transglutaminase, Factor XIII)
Hexosyltransferases: Glucosyltransferases (Glycogen branching enzyme, Glycogen synthase, Glycogen phosphorylase, Phosphorylase/Myophosphorylase) - Glucuronosyltransferase
Pentosyltransferases: Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase - ADP Ribose (Cholera toxin, Diphtheria toxin, Pertussis toxin, Poly ADP ribose polymerase)
