Voiceless retroflex plosive

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IPA – number	105
IPA – text	ʈ
IPA – image
Entity	ʈ
X-SAMPA	t`
Kirshenbaum	t.
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiceless retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʈ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t`. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the voiceless alveolar plosive which has the symbol t. If lowercase letter t in the font used already has a rightward pointing hook, then ʈ is distinguished from t by extending the righward pointing hook below the baseline as a descender. Compare t and ʈ.

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 2.1 In English 2.2 Exemples in other languages 3 External links 4 See also

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless retroflex plosive:

• Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up, but more generally means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

[edit] In English

Most dialects do not have the voiceless retroflex plosive. However, it is common in both by native and non-native Indian English speakers in place of the voiceless alveolar plosive. Also, this sound occurs as an allophone of /t/ in some dialects of American English when it immediately precedes or follows the retroflex approximant /ɻ/; e.g., hurt. In such dialects, the tongue usually does not curve back as much as in Indian languages. ^[1]

[edit] Exemples in other languages

Language	Word	IPA	Translation
Brahui	asiṭ	[asiʈ]	one
Hindi	ठीक	[ʈʰiːk]	fine
Kannada	ಟಠ್ಠು	[tʌʈʈu]	to tap
Malayalam	അഠുക	[aʈuka]	to cook
Norwegian (eastern and central dialects)	svart	[sʋɑʈ]	black
Sanskrit	कोटि	[koːʈi]	peak
Sicilian	trenu	['ʈɽenu]	train
Swedish	karta	[kʰɑːʈa]	map
Tamil	எட்டு	[eʈʈɯ]	eight
Telugu	టఠ్ఠు	[tʌʈʈu]	to strike
Urdu	آٹھ۔	[ɑːʈʰ]	eight
Welayta		[ʈaza]	dew

[edit] External links

• Phonology of English, including dialectical variations

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps ѵ̟ ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.