Bilabial trill
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| IPA – number | 121 |
| IPA – text | ʙ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ʙ |
| X-SAMPA | B\ |
| Kirshenbaum | b<trl> |
| Sound sample | |
|---|---|
The bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʙ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B\.
ʙ was a lowercase form of B in Jaŋalif and similar alphabets.
Contents |
[edit] Features
Features of the bilabial trill:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by vibrations of the articulators. In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] In English
English does not have a bilabial trill in any words. It does however use a rather loose bilabial trill to express that one is shivering cold, which is spelled brrr. A variant is also often used to imitate flatulence, as in the so-called "Bronx cheer."
[edit] In other languages
The bilabial trill exists as a phoneme in a few languages. In most of the languages where it occurs, it occurs only as a prenasalised bilabial stop with trilled release, [mbʙ]. This developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel, such as [mbu], in all but a couple languages, and are usually still limited to such environments. An example is the Kele word [mbʙuen] "its fruit". The known exceptions to this pattern are in Nias and the occasionally trilled fricative vowels of Yi.
Some languages, such as Mangbetu (spoken in North-Eastern Zaire) and Mewun (spoken in Vanuatu), may have both voiced and voiceless bilabial trill.
[edit] Amuzgo
Amuzgo has the bilabial trill, but uses it only exceptionally.
[edit] Baka
Baka has the bilabial trill, but it is used rarely.
[edit] Northwest Caucasian languages
In Abkhaz and Ubykh, the "affricates" [tʙ tʙ’ dʙ] are allophones of /tʷ tʷ’ dʷ/.
[edit] Pirahã
In Pirahã, the bilabial trill is an allophone of /b/.
[edit] Yi
Liangshang (Cool Mountain) Yi has two "buzzed" or fricative vowels, written ṳ, i̤, which may also be trilled, [ʙ̝, r̝].
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. |
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