Guadeloupe
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Guadeloupe là một quần đảo nằm ở ở phía đông Biển Caribê có tọa độ , với diện tích đất liền 1.628 km² (629 mi²]]).[1] Nó là một lãnh phận hải ngoại của Pháp. Như các vùng biển khác, Guadeloupe là một trong 26 vùng lãnh thổ của Pháp. Guadeloupe là một phần của Châu Âu.[2] Tuy nhiên Guadeloupe không thuộc khối Hiệp ước Schengen.
Mục lục |
[sửa] Lịch sử
Trong chuyến đi thứ hai đến châu Mỹ, Christopher Columbus trở thành người Châu Âu đầu tiên đặt chân lên quần đảo Guadeloupe vào tháng 11 năm 1493 để tìm kiếm nước sạch. Ông gọi nó là Santa María de Guadalupe de Extremadura.
[sửa] Địa lý
Guadeloupe gồm có 5 hòn đảo: Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, La Désirade, Les Saintes và Marie-Galante.
[sửa] Dân cư
Số liệu năm 2006
| Dân số | 452.776 | ||
| Kết cấu tuổi tác | 0 đến 14 tuổi | 23.6% | Nam 54.725 Nữ 52.348 |
| 15 đến 64 tuổi | 67.1% | Nam 150.934 Nữ 153.094 |
|
| Trên 65 tuổi | 9.2% | Nam 17,353 Nữ 24,322 |
|
| Tỷ lệ phát triển dân số rate | 0.88% | ||
| Tỉ lệ sinh | 15,05 | trên 1,000 người | |
| Tỉ lệ mất | 6,09 | ||
| Nhập cư | -0,15 | ||
| Tỉ lệ |
Lúc sinh | 1.05 | |
| Dưới 15 tuổi | |||
| 15 đến 64 tuổi | 0,99 | ||
| 65 tuổi trở lên | 0,71 | ||
| Trung bình | 0,97 | ||
| Tỷ lệ tử vong vị thành niên | 8,41 trên 1.000 | ||
| Tuổi thọ trung bình lúc sinh |
Nam | 74,91 tuổi | |
| Nữ | 81,37 tuổi | ||
| Trung bình | 78,06 tuổi | ||
| Khả năng sinh sản | 1,9 trẻ/1 phụ nữ | ||
| Các nhóm ngườis[3] | Da đen / Lai | 75% | |
| Da trắng | 11% | ||
| Người Tamil / người Ấn Độ | 9% | ||
| Người Liban / người Syria | 3% | ||
| Người Hán / Những nhóm khác | 2% | ||
| Tôn giáo | Thiên Chúa giáo La Mã | 91% | |
| Tin Lành | 5% | ||
| Đạo Hindu / Người Phi | 4% | ||
| Nhân chứng Jehovah | 2% | ||
| Ngôn ngữ | Tiếng Pháp (Chính thức) 99%, Thổ ngữ địa phương | ||
| Biết chữ[4] | Nam | 90% | |
| Nữ | |||
| Tổng cộng | |||
[sửa] Administrative divisions
Administratively, Guadeloupe is divided into arrondissements, cantons and communes:
- Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department
- Cantons of the Guadeloupe department
- Communes of the Guadeloupe department
-
Xem thêm: Overseas departments and territories of France và Administrative divisions of France
[sửa] Politics
Tiêu bản:Politics of Guadeloupe
| National holiday | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slavery Abolition Day | 27 May (1848) | ||||
| Constitution[5] | 28 September (1958) | ||||
| Legal system | French | ||||
| Suffrage | Universal at 18 years old | ||||
| Executive branch | Chief of state | President Jacques Chirac represented by Prefect Jean-Jacques Brot |
since 17 May 1995 since 12 June 2006 |
||
| Head of government | President of the General Council Jacques Gillot President of the Regional Council Victorin Lurel |
since 26 March 2001 since 22 April 2004 |
|||
| Cabinet | n/a | ||||
| Elections | French president elected by popular vote for five-year term; Prefect appointed by the French president on advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; General and Regional Council presidents elected by membership of those councils. |
||||
| Election results | n/a | ||||
| Legislative branch | Unicameral General Council (Conseil général; 42 seats) Unicameral Regional Council (Conseil régional; 41 seats) |
members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms |
|||
| Elections[6] | General Council
|
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| Election results | General Council
|
||||
| Judicial branch | Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) in Basse-Terre; Assize Court (Cour d'assises) in Basse-Terre to try felonies, consisting of three judges and a popular jury; Several first instance courts of varying competence levels, in Basse-Terre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Saint-Martin and Grand-Bourg. |
||||
| Political parties | Guadeloupe Communist Party (PCG) · FGPS · Progressive Democratic Party (PPDG) · Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) (formerly the Rassemblement pour la Republique, RPR) · Socialist Party (PS) · Union for French Democracy (UDF) | ||||
| Pressure groups | Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (ULPG) · General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers (CGT-G) · General Union of Guadeloupe Workers (UGTG) · Movement for Independent Guadeloupe (MPGI) · The Socialist Party | ||||
| International membership |
FZ · WCL · WFTU | ||||
-
Xem thêm: Colonial and Departmental Heads of Guadeloupe
[sửa] Culture
Guadeloupe's culture is probably best known for the islanders' literary achievements, particularly the poetry of Saint-John Perse, the pseudonym used by Alexis Léger. Perse won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the soaring flight and the evocative images of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time."
Guadeloupe has always had a rich literary production prolonged today by many living writers, poets, novelists, essayists and journalists, among them Maryse Condé, Ernest Pépin and Simone Schwartz-Bart.
Also culturally important are the arts, particularly painting and sculpture. Famous painters and/or sculptors include Michel Rovelas, Claudie Cancellier, Jean-Claude Echard, Christian Bracy, Roger Arekian, les Frères Baptiste, Michelle Chomereau-Lamothe, Léogane, Pédurand, Nicole Réache, Victor Sainsily. Photographer and visual effects artist Karim Sahai of Weta Digital, New-Zealand, has worked on the visual effects of The Lord of the Rings, King Kong, X-Men, etc.
Music and dance are also very popular, and the widely accepted interaction of African, French and Indian[8] cultures has given birth to some original new forms specific to the archipelago. Islanders enjoy many local dance styles including the quadrille "au commandement", zouk, zouk-love, toumbélé, as well as all the modern international dances. Typical Guadeloupean music includes la biguine and gwo ka à la base. Many international festivals take place in Guadeloupe, like the Creole Blues Festival, the Marie-Galante Festival, Festival Gwo-Ka Cotellon, etc. It goes without saying that all the Euro-French forms of art are also omnipresent in the melting pot.
Another element of the Guadeloupean culture is its dress. Women in particular have a unique style of traditional dresses, with many layers of colorful fabrics, now only worn on special occasions. On festive occasions they also wore a madras (originally the 'kerchief' from South India) head scarf tied in many different symbolic forms. The headdress could be done in many styles with names like the "bat" style, or the "firefighter" style, as well as the "Guadeloupean woman." Jewelry is also important, mainly of gold, in the Guadeloupean lady's dress, a product of European, African and Indian inspiration. Many famous couturiers like Devaed or Mondelo are Guadeloupeans.
Football (soccer) is popular in Guadeloupe. Thierry Henry, a star of the French National Team and English Premiership club Arsenal FC, often visits, as his father Antoine was originally from the island. Lilian Thuram, a star football defender for France and FC Barcelona, was born in Guadeloupe. The French national team and Manchester United striker, Louis Saha, is also of Guadeloupean descent as is Swansea City goalkeeper Willy Gueret.
[sửa] Economy
The economy of Guadeloupe depends on tourism, agriculture, light industry and services. It also depends on France for large subsidies and imports.
Tourism is a key industry, with 83.3% of tourists visiting from metropolitan France, 10.8% coming from the rest of Europe, 3.4% coming from the United States, 1.5% coming from Canada, 0.4% coming from South America and 0.6% coming from the rest of the world.[9] An increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands.
The traditional sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, guinnep, noni, sapotilla, paroka, pikinga, giraumon squash, yam, gourd, plantain, christophine, monbin, prunecafé, cocoa, jackfruit, pomegranate, and many varieties of flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, mainly from France.
Light industry features sugar and rum, solar energy, and many industrial productions. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the youth. Hurricanes periodically devastate the economy.
The country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Guadeloupe is ".gp".
[sửa] Chú thích
- ▲ Figure without the territories of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy detached from Guadeloupe on February 22, 2007.
- ▲ Guadeloupe is pictured on all Euro banknotes, on the backside at the bottom of each note, right of the Greek ΕΥΡΩ (EURO) next to the denomiation.
- ▲ Approximate figures as ethnicity is not polled during a French census.
- ▲ Defined as those aged 15 or over who can read and write; based on 1982 estimates.
- ▲ French constitution.
- ▲ Guadeloupe elects two representatives to the Sénat; elections last held September 2004, next due ?September 2013
- Percent of vote by party: n/a;
- Seats by party: n/a;
- Percent of vote by party: n/a;
- Seats by party: RPR 2, PS 1, other right-wing parties 1
- ▲ to elect half the membership.
- ▲ Sahai, Sharad (1998).Guadeloupe Lights Up: French-lettered Indians in a remote corner of the Caribbean reclaim their Hindu identity. Hinduism Today, Digital Edition, February 1998.
- ▲ Guadeloupe - Economie (bằng FR) (1998). Được truy cập ngày 2006-06-10.
[sửa] Xem thêm
- Communications in Guadeloupe
- Military of Guadeloupe
- Music of Martinique and Guadeloupe
- Transportation in Guadeloupe
- Région Guadeloupe et Saint Martin (Scouting)
- Martinique
[sửa] Liên kết ngoài
- Préfecture de la région Guadeloupe - Official site of the prefecture of Guadeloupe (in French)
- Guadeloupe - Official site of the Council of Guadeloupe
- Les Iles de Guadeloupe - Official site of the Guadeloupe Islands Tourism Board
- Office du Tourisme de Marie-Galante - Official site of the Tourist Board of Marie-Galante
- Office Municipal du Tourisme de Terre de Haut, Les Saintes - Official site of the Tourist Board of Les Saintes
- Office du Tourisme du Moule - Official site of the Tourist Board of Le Moule
Tiêu bản:French overseas departments and territories Tiêu bản:West Indies
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Tiêu bản:Regions of France Tiêu bản:Outlying territories of European countries
 Guadeloupe International Airport |
