软件工程主题列表
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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本條目正在從en:Editing List of software engineering topics翻譯成中文。 歡迎您積極參與翻譯與修訂。 |
This list complements the software engineering article, giving more details and examples.
目录 |
[编辑] 对社会的影响
软件工程师透过创造应用系统而影响整个社会。这些应用系统为用户创造价值但有时候也会制造灾难。
[编辑] 应用
软件工程师建立应用系统给人们使用。
工程应用通过激励开发者以新的方法解决问题来影响软件工程.比如, 消费者用的软件强调低成本,医用软件强调高质量,而互联网商业软件重视如何能快速的发展.
- 会计
- Analytics
- 航空公司 訂位服務
- 银行业
- 商业
- 编译器
- 通信
- 电脑图像
- 密码学
- 数据库
- 嵌入系统 Both software engineers and traditional engineers write software control systems for embedded products.
- 汽车软件
- 航空电子学软件
- Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) software
- Medical device software
- Telephony
- Telemetry
- 工程 All traditional engineering branches use software extensively. Engineers use spreadsheets, more than they ever used calculators. Engineers use custom software tools to design, analyze, and simulate their own projects, like bridges and power lines. These projects resemble software in many respects, because the work exists as electronic documents and goes through analysis, design, implementation, and testing phases. Software tools for engineers use the tenets of computer science; as well as the tenets of calculus, physics, and chemistry.
- 電腦輔助設計 (CAD)
- 電子設計自動化 (EDA)
- Numerical Analysis
- 模擬
- File
- 金融
- 债券市场
- 期货市场
- 股票市场
- 游戏
- Poker
- 多人參與歷險遊戲
- Video games
- 资讯系统, support almost every field
- 实验室资讯系统 Management of laboratory data
- 管理资讯系统 Management of financial and personnel data
- 物流业
- 製造業
- 電腦輔助生產 (CAM)
- 分散式控制系統 (DCS)
- 音樂
- 聲響效果
- 音樂合成
- 網絡s and 互聯網
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Protocols
- 路由器
- Office suites
- Word processors
- Spreadsheets
- Presentations
- Operating systems
- Embedded
- Graphical
- Multitasking
- Real-time
- Robotics
- 信号分析
- 图象处理, encoding and interpreting visual information
- 信号处理, encoding and interpreting signals
- 语音处理
- Text recognition
- 笔迹辨认
- 模拟, supports almost every field.
- 科学
- Genomics
- 交通管制系統
- 航空交通管制系統
- 海上交通管制系統
- 陸上交通管制系統
- 訓練系統
- Drill
- 模擬系統
- Testing
- Visualization, supports almost every field
- Architecture
- Engineering
- Sciences
- 投票系統
- World wide web
- Browsers
- Servers
[编辑] 灾难
Software has played a role in many high-profile disasters.
- Ariane 5
- Mars probes
- Denver International Airport
- TAURUS - UK share settlement system and dematerialised central share depository.
- Therac-25 - A radiation therapy machine responsible for six overdoses due to faulty software.
[编辑] 技术和实践
有技术的软体工程师运用技术及不同范畴的实践来改进生产力及质素。从而编程更快更容易。The following technologies and practices are used in industry every day.
[编辑] 软件工程主题
Many technologies and practices are (mostly) unique to software engineering, though many of these are shared with computer science.
[编辑] 程序设计语言
- List of programming languages
- Scripting
- Cobol
- C
- C++
- C#
- Fortran
- Java
- Perl
- PHP
- Python
- Tcl
- Visual Basic
[编辑] 編程典範,基於編程語言技術
- 面向方面的程序設計(Aspect-oriented programming)
- Functional decomposition
- 面向对象程序设计(Object-oriented programming)
- Post-object programming
- Structured programming
[编辑] 数据库
- Hierarchical
- Object
- Relational
- SQL/XML
- SQL
[编辑] 图形用户界面
[编辑] 程序设计工具
- Configuration management and source code management
- CVS
- Make
- RCS
- Editors
- program editors (see also: IDEs)
- text editors
- word processors
[编辑] Libraries
- Software componentry
[编辑] 设计语言s
[编辑] 模式, document many common programming and project management techniques
- Anti-patterns
- Patterns
[编辑] Processes and methodologies
- Agile
- Agile software development
- Crystal
- Extreme programming
- Lean software development
- Scrum (in management)
- Heavyweight
- Cleanroom
- ISO 12207 — software life cycle processes
- ISO 9000 and ISO 9001
- Rational Unified Process
- Process evaluation frameworks
[编辑] Platforms
A platform combines computer hardware and an operating system. As platforms become more powerful and less expensive, applications and tools become more widely available.
- BREW
- Cray supercomputers
- DEC minicomputers
- IBM mainframes
- Linux PCs
- Mac OS and Mac OS X PCs
- Microsoft .NET network software platform
- Palm PDAs
- Sun workstations
- Windows PCs (Wintel)
[编辑] Other Practices
- Communication
- Pair programming
- Refactoring
- Software inspections/Code reviews
- Software reuse
- Systems integration
- Teamwork
[编辑] Other tools
- Decision tables
- Features
- Story
- Use cases
[编辑] Computer science topics
Skilled software engineers know a lot of computer science including what is possible and impossible, and what is easy and hard for software.
- Algorithms, well-defined methods for solving specific problems.
- Searching
- Sorting
- Parsing
- Numerical analysis
- Compiler theory
- Data structures, well-defined methods for storing and retrieving data.
- Lists
- Trees
- Hash tables
- Computability, some problems cannot be solved at all
- Complexity, some problems are solvable in principle, yet unsolvable in practice
- Formal methods
- Proof of correctness
- Program synthesis
- Adaptive Systems
- Neural Networks
- Evolutionary Algorithms
[编辑] Mathematics topics
Discrete mathematics is a key foundation of software engineering.
- Number representation
- Sets
- Bags
- Graphs
- Sequences
- Trees
- Graphs
- Logic
- Deduction
- First-order logic
- Higher-order logic
- Combinatory logic
- Induction
- Combinatorics
Other
- Domain knowledge
- Statistics
- Decision theory
- Type theory
[编辑] Life cycle phases
- Development life cycle phase
- Requirements gathering / analysis
- Software architecture
- Computer programming
- Testing, detects bugs
- Black box testing
- White box testing
- Clear box testing
- Quality assurance, ensures compliance with process.
- Product Life cycle phase and Project lifecycle
- Inception
- First development
- Major release
- Minor release
- Bug fix release
- Maintenance
- Obsolescence
- Release development stage, near the end of a release cycle
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gold master
- 1.0; 2.0
- Software development lifecycle
- Waterfall model - Structured programming and Stepwise refinement
- SSADM
- Spiral model - Iterative development
- DSDM
- Chaos model - Chaos strategy
[编辑] Deliverables
Deliverables must be developed for many SE projects. Software engineers rarely make all of these deliverables themselves. They usually cooperate with the writers, trainers, installers, marketers, technical support people, and others who make many of these deliverables.
- Application software - the software
- Database - schemas and data.
- Documentation, online and/or print, FAQ, Readme, release notes, Help, for each role
- User
- Administrator
- Manager
- Buyer
- Administration and Maintenance policy, what should be backed-up, checked, configured, ...
- Installers
- Migration
- Upgrade from previous installations
- Upgrade from competitor's installations
- Training materials, for each role
- User
- Administrator
- Manager
- Buyer
- Support info for computer support groups.
- Marketing and sales materials
- White papers, explain the technologies used in the applications
- Comparisons with competitor products
[编辑] Business roles
- Operations
- Users
- Administrators
- Managers
- Buyers
- Development
- Analysts
- Programmers
- Testers
- Managers
- Business
- Consulting - customization and installation of applications
- Sales
- Marketing
- Legal - contracts, intellectual property rights
- Support - helping customers use applications
- Personnel - hiring and training qualified personnel
- Finance - funding new development
- Academe
- Educators
- Researchers
[编辑] Management topics
- Leadership
- Coaching
- Communication, SEs easily ignore this
- Listening
- Motivation
- Vision, SEs are good at this
- Example, everyone follows a good example best
- Human resource management
- Hiring, getting people into an organization
- Staffing, getting people onto a project
- Training
- Evaluation
- Project management
- Goal setting
- Customer interaction (Rethink)
- Estimation
- Risk management
- Change management
- Process management
- Processes
- Software development processes
- Methodologies
- Metrics
- Processes
[编辑] Business topics
- Quality programs
- Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
- Six Sigma
- Total Quality Management (TQM)
[编辑] Community topics
[编辑] Pioneers
Many people made important contributions to SE technologies, practices, or applications.
- John Backus: Fortran, first optimizing compiler, BNF
- Vic Basili: Experience factory.
- F.L. Bauer: Stack principle, popularized the term Software Engineering
- Kent Beck: Refactoring, extreme programming, pair programming, test-driven development.
- 蒂姆·伯纳斯-李: World wide web
- Barry Boehm: SE economics, COCOMO, Spiral model.
- Grady Booch: Object-oriented design, UML.
- Fred Brooks: Managed System 360 and OS 360. Wrote The Mythical Man-Month and No Silver Bullet.
- Edsger Dijkstra: Wrote Notes on Structured Programming, A Discipline of Programming and Go To Statement Considered Harmful, algorithms, formal methods, pedagogy.
- Michael Fagan: Software inspection.
- Tom Gilb: Software metric, Software inspection, Evolutionary processes.
- Grace Hopper: The first compiler (Mark 1), COBOL, Nanoseconds.
- Watts Humphrey: Capability Maturity Model, Personal Software Process, fellow of the Software Engineering Institute.
- Jean Ichbiah: Ada
- Michael A. Jackson: Jackson Structured Programming, Jackson System Development
- Bill Joy: Berkeley Unix, vi, Java.
- Brian Kernighan: C and Unix.
- Donald Knuth: Wrote The Art of Computer Programming, TeX, algorithms, literate programming
- Bertrand Meyer: Design by Contract, Eiffel programming language.
- Peter G. Neumann: RISKS Digest, ACM Sigsoft.
- David Parnas: Module design, social responsibility, professionalism.
- Jef Raskin: Developed the original Macintosh GUI
- Dennis Ritchie: C and Unix.
- Winston W. Royce: Waterfall model.
- Mary Shaw: Software architecture.
- Richard Stallman: Founder of the Free Software Foundation
- 林納斯·托瓦茲: Linux kernel, free software / open source development.
- Will Tracz: Reuse, ACM Software Engineering Notes.
- Gerald Weinberg: Wrote The Psychology of Computer Programming.
- Jeanette Wing: Formal specifications.
- Ed Yourdon: Structured programming, wrote The Decline and Fall of the American Programmer.
See also
- List of programmers
- List of computer scientists
- List of software moguls
[编辑] Notable publications
- About Face by Alan Cooper, about user interface design. ISBN 0-76452641-3
- The Capability Maturity Model by Watts Humphrey. Written for the Software Engineering Institute, emphasizing management and process. (See Managing the Software Process ISBN 0-201-18095-2)
- The Cathedral and the Bazaar by Eric Raymond about open source development.
- The Decline and Fall of the American Programmer by Ed Yourdon predicts the end of software development in the U.S. ISBN 0-13-191958-X
- Design Patterns by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. ISBN 0-201-63361-2
- Extreme Programming Explained by Kent Beck ISBN 0-32127865-8
- "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" by Edsger Dijkstra.
- Internet, Innovation and Open Source:Actors in the Network — First Monday article by Ilkka Tuomi (2000) source
- The Mythical Man-Month by Fred Brooks, about project management. ISBN 0-201-83595-9
- Object-oriented Analysis and Design by Grady Booch. ISBN 0-8053-5340-2
- Peopleware by Tom DeMarco and Tim Lister. ISBN 0-932633-43-9
- Principles of Software Engineering Management by Tom Gilb about evolutionary processes. ISBN 0-201-19246-2
- The Psychology of Computer Programming by Gerald Weinberg. Written as an independent consultant, partly about his years at IBM. ISBN 0-932633-42-0
- Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler, Kent Beck, John Brant, William Opdyke, and Don Roberts. ISBN 0-201-48567-2
See also
- Important publications in software engineering in CS.
[编辑] Professional topics
- Demographics
- Economics
- Education
- History
- Professionalism
- Ethics
- Licensing
- Legal
- Intellectual property
- Consumer protection
[编辑] Odds and ends
[编辑] Related fields
- Information technology
- Traditional engineering
- Computer engineering
- Electrical engineering
- Software engineering
- Domain engineering
- Information engineering
- Knowledge engineering
- User interface engineering
- Web engineering
- Arts and Sciences
- Mathematics
- Computer science
- Information science
- Application softwares
- Information systems
- Programming
[编辑] Different languages
- In Arabic , software engineering is called هندسة البرمجيات
- In Chinese, software engineer is called ruan jian gong cheng shi —— 软件工程师
- In French, software engineering is called Génie logiciel.
- In German, software engineering is called Softwaretechnik.
- In Norwegian, software engineering is called Programvareutvikling.
- In Spanish, software engineering is called Ingeniería del software,
- In Portuguese, software engineering is called Engenharia de software,
[编辑] Miscellaneous and to do
- Complexity or scaling
- Software brittleness problem
- Second system syndrome
- Software specialists share common language, terminology, certification, and so on.
- Traditional engineers frequently resort to a balance of factors to achieve optimization.
- Biology and biological engineering have other issues.
- Source code escrow
- Feature interaction problem
- Certification (software engineering)
[编辑] See also
- SWEBOK Software engineering body of knowledge
- CCSE Computing curriculum for software engineering
- Computer terms etymology, the origins of computer terms
[编辑] External links
- Professional Organizations
- Professionalism
- Education
- Standards
- Government organizations
- Agile
- Other Organizations
- Demographics
- Surveys
- Other
- Full text in PDF from the NATO conference in Garmisch
- Computer Risks Peter G. Neumann's risks column.
