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An Inconvenient Truth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An Inconvenient Truth

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An Inconvenient Truth

Promotional poster for An Inconvenient Truth
Directed by Davis Guggenheim
Produced by Lawrence Bender
Scott Burns
Laurie David
Starring Al Gore
Music by Michael Brook
Editing by Jay Lash Cassidy
Dan Swietlik
Distributed by Paramount Classics
Release date(s) May 24, 2006
Running time 94 min
Country USA
Language English
Budget US$+1,000,000[1]
Gross profits US$46,243,403
(worldwide)
Official website
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile
An Inconvenient Truth book cover
An Inconvenient Truth book cover

An Inconvenient Truth is an Academy Award-winning documentary film about climate change, specifically global warming, directed by Davis Guggenheim and presented by former United States Vice President Al Gore.[2] A companion book authored by Gore has been on the the paperback nonfiction New York Times bestseller list since June 11, 2006, reaching #1 July 2.[3]

The film premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival and opened in New York and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006. It is the third-highest-grossing documentary in the United States to date.[4] The film's distributor, Paramount Classics, is donating 5% of the box office receipts and Gore is donating all of his proceeds from the film to The Alliance for Climate Protection.[5] The film was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment on November 21, 2006.

Contents

[edit] Overview

An Inconvenient Truth explores data and predictions regarding climate change, interspersed with personal events from the life of Al Gore. Through a Keynote presentation (dubbed "the slide show") that he has presented worldwide, Gore reviews the scientific evidence for global warming, discusses the politics and economics of global warming, and describes the consequences he believes global climate change will produce if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in the very near future.

The film includes many segments intended to refute critics who say that global warming is insignificant or unproven. For example, Gore discusses the risk of the collapse of a major ice sheet in Greenland or in West Antarctica, either of which could raise global sea levels by approximately 20 feet (6m), flooding coastal areas and producing 100 million refugees. Meltwater from Greenland, because of its lower salinity, could halt the Gulf Stream current and quickly trigger dramatic local cooling in Northern Europe.

In an effort to explain the global warming phenomenon, the film examines annual temperature and CO2 levels for the past 600,000 years in Antarctic ice core samples. An analogy to Hurricane Katrina is used for those familiar with the 30-ft to 45-ft (9 to 14m) waves that destroyed almost a million homes in coastal Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida.

The documentary ends with Gore noting that if appropriate action is taken soon, the effects of global warming can be successfully reversed by releasing less carbon dioxide and growing more plants or trees. Gore calls upon viewers to learn how they can help in this initiative.

Gore's book of the same title was published concurrently with the theatrical release of the documentary. The book contains additional, detailed information, scientific analysis, and Gore's commentary on the issues presented in the documentary. A 2007 documentary entitled An Update with Former Vice President Al Gore features Gore discussing additional information that came to light after the film was completed, such as Hurricane Katrina.[12]

[edit] Scientific basis

The Pale Blue Dot, a Voyager 1 photo showing Earth (circled) as a single pixel from 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometres) away, is featured in An Inconvenient Truth.  Al Gore points out that all of human history has happened on that tiny pixel, which is our only home.
The Pale Blue Dot, a Voyager 1 photo showing Earth (circled) as a single pixel from 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometres) away, is featured in An Inconvenient Truth. Al Gore points out that all of human history has happened on that tiny pixel, which is our only home.

Gore's basic claim that global warming is real, as is his subsequent claim that global warming is largely human-caused, is supported by current research.

Gore presents specific data that supports the film's thesis, including:

  • The retreat of numerous glaciers is shown in before-and-after photographs (see Retreat of glaciers since 1850).
  • A study by researchers at the Physics Institute at the University of Bern and the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctic presenting data from Antarctic ice cores showing carbon dioxide concentrations higher than at any time during the past 650,000 years.[6]
  • A 2004 survey by Dr. Naomi Oreskes of 928 peer-reviewed scientific articles on global climate change published between 1993 and 2003. The survey, published as an editorial in the journal Science, claimed that every article either supported the human-caused global warming consensus or did not comment on it.[7]

The Associated Press contacted more than 100 top climate researchers and questioned them about the film's veracity. Because this was at the time before the film's general release many of those surveyed had neither seen the movie nor read the book, but all 19 climate scientists who had done so said that Gore conveyed the science correctly.[8] The U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, at the time chaired by Sen. Jim Inhofe, a global warming skeptic, issued a press release criticizing this article.[9] Inhofe's statement that "global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people"[10] appears in the film.

RealClimate, a group blog maintained by eleven climate scientists, lauded the film's science as "remarkably up to date, with reference to some of the very latest research."[11]

Michael Shermer, science historian and founder of The Skeptics Society, wrote in Scientific American that An Inconvenient Truth "shocked me out of my doubting stance".[12]

Gore discusses the possibility of a sudden rise in sea level of 6 meters (20 ft) if a major polar ice sheet collapsed. This should not be confused with the more certain, gradual and moderate rise due to non-catastrophic ice melting and the thermal expansion of water. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates the latter as between 0.09 to 0.88 meters (0.3 to 2.8 feet) by the year 2100, but notes that "this range does not allow for uncertainty relating to ice dynamical changes in the West Antarctic ice sheet."[13] The Antarctic as a whole contains enough ice to raise sea level by an estimated 60 m (200 ft) if it were to melt entirely[14] and the collapse of the grounded interior reservoir of the West Antarctic ice sheet alone would raise sea level by 5-6 m (16-20 ft).[15]

[edit] Reception

[edit] Box office

The film opened in New York City and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006. On Memorial Day weekend, it grossed an average of $91,447 per theater, the highest of any movie that weekend and a record for a documentary, though it was only playing on four screens at the time.[16]

At the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, the movie received three standing ovations. It was also screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and was the opening night film at the 27th Durban International Film Festival on June 14, 2006. An Inconvenient Truth was the most popular Documentary at the 2006 Brisbane International Film Festival.[17]

The film has grossed over $24 million in the U.S. and over $46 million worldwide as of March 7, 2007, making it the third-highest-grossing documentary in the U.S. to date (after Fahrenheit 9/11 and March of the Penguins).[18]

Al Gore has stated, "Tipper and I are devoting 100 percent of the profits from the book and the movie to a new bipartisan educational campaign to further spread the message about global warming."[19] Paramount Classics is committing 5% of their domestic theatrical gross for the film to a new bipartisan climate action group, Alliance for Climate Protection, dedicated to awareness and grassroots organizing.[20]

[edit] Reviews

Critical reaction to the film has been positive. It garnered a "certified fresh" 92% rating at Rotten Tomatoes (as of February 17, 2007), with a 94% rating from the "Cream of the Crop" reviewers. Film critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film "two thumbs up". Ebert wrote: "In 39 years, I have never written these words in a movie review, but here they are: You owe it to yourself to see this film. If you do not, and you have grandchildren, you should explain to them why you decided not to."[21]

Journalist Ronald Bailey argued in the libertarian magazine Reason that "although "Gore gets the science more right than wrong", he "exaggerates the risks."[22]

[edit] Awards

The film has received a number of various awards worldwide.

Al Gore during the acceptance speech for "An Inconvenient Truth" with other members of the crew
Al Gore during the acceptance speech for "An Inconvenient Truth" with other members of the crew
  • The film received special recognition from the Humanitas Prize, the first time the organization had handed out a Special Award in over 10 years.[25]
  • 2007 Stanley Kramer Award - The Producers Guild of America; recognizes “work that dramatically illustrates provocative social issues.”[26]
  • For his wide-reaching efforts to draw the world’s attention to the dangers of global warming including the Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore has been nominated with Canadian Inuit activist Sheila Watt-Cloutier for the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize[27]

Best Documentary:[28]

  • National Board of Review[29] - December 6, 2006
  • New York Film Critics Online[30] - December 10, 2006
  • New York Film Critics Society - December 12, 2006
  • Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association[31][32] - December 18, 2006
  • Chicago Film Critics Association[33] - December 28, 2006
  • Kansas City Film Critics Awards 2006
  • Las Vegas Film Critics Circle 2006
  • Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards 2006
  • Online Film Critics 2006
  • Phoenix Film Critics Circle 2006
  • Satellite Awards (Nominated) 2006
  • Toronto Film Critics Circle (Nominated) 2006
  • Utah Film Critics Awards 2006
  • Florida Film Critics 2006
  • Washington D.C. Film Critics Association 2006
  • St Louis Film Critics Awards 2006
  • Ohio Film Critics Awards 2006
  • Academy Awards (The Oscars) 2007[23]

Best Non-Fiction:

[edit] Political response

The documentary has been generally well-received politically in many parts of the world and is credited for raising further awareness of global warming internationally, prompting calls for more government action in regards to the climate. Several colleges and high schools have begun to use the film in science curricula, though at least one US school district has put restrictions on its use in the classroom.[35]

[edit] Government

  • President Bush, when asked whether he would watch the film, responded: "Doubt it." He later stated that "And in my judgment we need to set aside whether or not greenhouse gases have been caused by mankind or because of natural effects, and focus on the technologies that will enable us to live better lives and at the same time protect the environment."[36] Gore responded by saying, "The entire global scientific community has a consensus on the question that human beings are responsible for global warming and [Bush] has today again expressed personal doubt that that is true."[37]
  • In September 2006, Gore traveled to Sydney, Australia to promote the film. Australian Prime Minister, John Howard said he would not meet with Gore or agree to Kyoto because of the movie: "I don't take policy advice from films." Former Opposition Leader Kim Beazley joined Gore for a viewing and other MPs attended a special screening at Parliament House earlier in the week.[38] Australia's federal government currently refuses to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Since October 2006 the government has introduced a number of environmental initiatives in response to public concerns.[39]
  • In Costa Rica, Al Gore met with president Oscar Arias, and was well received by other politicians and media.

[edit] Educational

  • Following the issuing of the IPCC report into Climate Change on February 2, 2007 and following on from the The Stern Review into the economic effects to the UK from climate change, the UK Government announced that it would be issuing a copy of the DVD of An Inconvenient Truth together with further reading material on this subject to every secondary school in England and Wales to increase educational awareness of the issues raised in the movie.[43]
  • 50,000 free copies of the film were offered to the National Science Teachers Association, which declined to take them. Laurie David, one of the film's producers, said in a Washington Post op-ed piece that the NSTA wrote her in an E-mail that the DVDs would place "unnecessary risk upon the [NSTA] capital campaign, especially certain targeted supporters." Supporters of the NSTA include companies like ExxonMobil.[44] In public, the NSTA argued that distributing this film to its members would have been contrary to a long-standing NSTA policy against distributing unsolicited materials to its members.[45]
  • After a father had complained that "the Bible says that in the end times everything will burn up, but that perspective isn't in the DVD", the Federal Way School Board in Federal Way, Washington voted 3 to 0 requiring an approval by the principal and the superintendent for teachers to show the film to students. The teachers must include the presentation of an approved "opposing view". No such approved views have been identified.[46]
  • Following Federal Way's lead, the Environmental Club of Eisenhower High School in Yakima, Washington was prevented from showing the film until it could be reviewed by the school board, teachers, principal, and parents. The school board called the film a "controversial issue" and indicated it would require presentation of an opposing viewpoint if it approved the showing.[47]
  • The film will be science curriculum for fourth and sixth-year students in Scotland, as a joint initiative between Learning and Teaching Scotland and ScottishPower.[48]

[edit] Other

[edit] Criticism

[edit] Richard Lindzen

Richard S. Lindzen, an atmospheric physicist and the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at MIT, wrote in a June 26, 2006 op-ed in the Wall Street Journal:[51]

A general characteristic of Mr. Gore's approach is to assiduously ignore the fact that the earth and its climate are dynamic; they are always changing even without any external forcing. To treat all change as something to fear is bad enough; to do so in order to exploit that fear is much worse.

A response to Lindzen's piece disputes the basis for his claims stating "he has made a number of statements contradicted by recent scientific studies."[52]

Gore’s film also cites a review of scientific literature published by the journal Science which claimed 100% consensus on global warming, but Lindzen claimed that the study was flat out incorrect. Lindzen wrote:

... A study in the journal Science by the social scientist Nancy [sic] Oreskes claimed that a search of the ISI Web of Knowledge Database for the years 1993 to 2003 under the key words 'global climate change' produced 928 articles, all of whose abstracts supported what she referred to as the consensus view. A British social scientist, Benny Peiser, checked her procedure and found that only 913 of the 928 articles had abstracts at all, and that only 13 of the remaining 913 explicitly endorsed the so-called consensus view. Several actually opposed it.

Peiser's work was found to have several flaws[53] and he has subsequently admitted that he made numerous mistakes,[54] after the papers which he believed to dispute the consensus were further scrutinized[55].

[edit] Roy Spencer

Roy Spencer, principal research scientist for the University of Alabama in Huntsville, wrote an open letter to Gore criticizing his presentation of climate science in the film:[56]

Temperature measurements in the arctic suggest that it was just as warm there in the 1930s ... before most greenhouse gas emissions. Don't you ever wonder whether sea ice concentrations back then were low, too?

[edit] Tim Ball

Former University of Winnipeg geography professor Dr. Timothy F. Ball reacted to Gore’s claim that there has been a sharp drop-off in the thickness of the Arctic ice cap since 1970. Ball wrote:

The survey that Gore cites was a single transect across one part of the Arctic basin in the month of October during the 1960s when we were in the middle of the cooling period. The 1990 runs were done in the warmer month of September, using a wholly different technology.[57]

[edit] The Great Global Warming Swindle

The controversial documentary film The Great Global Warming Swindle, broadcast on Channel 4 in the UK on March 8, 2007, brings together skeptical scientists who disagree with the prevailing consensus regarding human-caused global warming. The film claims that in An Inconvenient Truth, Gore has misrepresented the data, and that the actual relationship between carbon dioxide and the temperature is the other way round (that is, rise in temperature causes an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere). Channel 4 itself has described this film as "essentially a polemic".[58]

[edit] Influences on popular culture

  • Prior to being released, the film was parodied in the South Park episode "Manbearpig". Gore laughed off this sensationalized depiction of him, saying "Their comic sensibility is aimed at a different demographic than the one I inhabit, but I still find a lot of what they do hilarious."[59]
  • Stephen Colbert, on The Colbert Report, also parodied An Inconvenient Truth on July 17, 2006. Entitled "The Convenientest Truth", Colbert created his own presentation that argued for the positive effects of global warming, using his signature humor tactics to satirize the conservative response to Gore's presentation.[60]
  • During the movie, Al Gore shows a clip from the Futurama episode "Crimes of the Hot" dealing with global warming; Al Gore was a guest star in that episode, though he was not present in the clip. While not the credited author of this episode, his daughter, Kristin C. Gore, was on the Futurama writing staff and worked as a story editor. In addition, Gore stars in a faux trailer made by the Futurama cast and crew titled, "A Terrifying Message from Al Gore".[61]
  • The Competitive Enterprise Institute ran two television advertisements to "counter global warming alarmism" in apparent reply to An Inconvenient Truth. Both used the tagline "Carbon Dioxide—They call it pollution; We call it life."[62]
  • Comedian Jon Stewart mocked the Competitive Enterprise Institute and other critics of the movie on The Daily Show:[63]
Gore and a fringe group of radical liberals known as "scientists" believe that the earth is being damaged by man-made carbon dioxide. Well, bad mouth humanity all you want, but diss carbon dioxide and the Competitive Enterprise Institute is likely to open up a can of public service advertising on your ass [Institute's ads are shown onscreen]. I know what you're driving at, but I really don't think science and liberals are going to outlaw breathing.
  • The television show X-Play did two separate parody sketches as promotions for G4's award show, G-Phoria. One sketch showed an Al Gore impersonator warning about temperature increases in Middle-earth due to the Eye of Sauron.
  • San Francisco 49ers running back Frank Gore's nickname is "The Inconvenient Truth", coined by NFL Network host Rich Eisen in 2006 in reference to the film.
  • Al Gore appeared as himself in a The Tonight Show with Jay Leno sketch entitled "An Inconvenient Truth about Christmas," which included such quotes as "The ten hottest Christmases on record have all occurred within the last four years."
  • A citizens advocacy group released a video Math Education: An Inconvenient Truth on video sharing sites about problems with mathematics education reform that was viewed over 70,000 times in a few weeks.[64]
  • In the American TV series Scrubs in the episode His Story IV, the title is referred to in a debate on global warming: "here's an inconvenient truth: nobody cares."

[edit] References

  1. ^ "On a Bender: A chat with Inconvenient Truth co-producer and Hollywood bigwig Lawrence Bender". Grist.org. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
  2. ^ Winner: Documentary Feature, An Inconvenient Truth. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (February 25, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  3. ^ "New York Times Bestsellers: Paperback Nonfiction", The New York Times, July 2, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
  4. ^ Documentary 1982-Present (film rankings by lifetime gross). Box Office Mojo.
  5. ^ Paramount Classics To Donate An Unprecedented One Million Dollars To Fight Global Warming (August 4, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  6. ^ Spahni, Renato; Chappellaz, Jérôme; et al. (November 25, 2005). "Atmospheric Methane and Nitrous Oxide of the Late Pleistocene from Antarctic Ice Cores (abstract)". Science 310 (5752): 1317-1321. Retrieved on 2007-03-18. 
  7. ^ Oreskes, Naomi (December 3, 2004). "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Science 306 (5702): 1686. Retrieved on 2007-03-18. 
  8. ^ Borenstein, Seth. "Scientists OK Gore's Movie for Accuracy", Washington Post, June 27, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  9. ^ AP Incorrectly Claims Scientists Praise Gore’s Movie. U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (June 27, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  10. ^ Coile, Zachary. "Senator fights the tide, calls warming by humans a hoax", San Francisco Chronicle, October 11, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  11. ^ Eric, Steig (May 10, 2006). Al Gore’s movie. RealClimate. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  12. ^ Michael, Shermer. "The Flipping Point: How the evidence for anthropogenic global warming has converged to cause this environmental skeptic to make a cognitive flip", Scientific American, June 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  13. ^ Houghton, J. T.; Ding, Y. et al. (eds.) (2001). "Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  14. ^ Houghton, J. T.; Ding, Y. et al. (eds.) (2001). "Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  15. ^ Studinger, Michael. "Geological Influence on the Onset of Fast Moving Ice". Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  16. ^ 'Last Stand' delivers IMDb, 2006-05-30, accessed 2007-01-10
  17. ^ BIFF EXCEEDS ALL EXPECTATIONS (Adobe Reader format) accessed 2007-01-10
  18. ^ Documentary Movies Box Office Mojo, accessed 2007-03-07
  19. ^ Housewife addresses climate conference Flanders News, dated 2006-11-16, accessed 2007-01-10
  20. ^ Governing Council The Alliance for Climate Protection, accessed 2007-01-10
  21. ^ Roger Ebert An Inconvenient Truth Chicago Sunday Times, accessed 2007-01-10
  22. ^ Ronald Bailey Gore as climate exaggerator Reason, dated 2006-06-16, accessed 2007-01-10
  23. ^ a b "Hudson wins supporting actress Oscar", CNN, February 25, 207.
  24. ^ Oscar Night: Winner: Music (Song). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science (February 25, 2007).
  25. ^ 2006 HUMANITAS Prize Winners. the HUMANITAS prize (2006-06-28). Retrieved on 16 January 2007.
  26. ^ Stanley Kramer Award: An Inconvenient Truth. Variety.com (2007-01-18). Retrieved on 18 January 2007.
  27. ^ 2007 Nobel Peace Prize Nominations. MSNBC (2006-02-02). Retrieved on 2 February 2007.
  28. ^ An Inconvenient Truth - Awards and Nominations Yahoo, accessed February 10, 2007
  29. ^ NBR page on An Inconvenient Truth. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures.
  30. ^ New York Film Critics Online. Movie City News (December 10, 2006).
  31. ^ [1]
  32. ^ [2]
  33. ^ [3]
  34. ^ [4]
  35. ^ Solomon, Cara. "Moratorium on Al Gore film sparks own controversy", The Seattle Times, January 16, 2007.
  36. ^ [5]
  37. ^ [6]
  38. ^ [7]
  39. ^ [8]
  40. ^ Full text of David Cameron's speech to the Conservative Party conference, Guardian Unlimited, 4 October 2006, accessed 25 November 2006
  41. ^ [9]
  42. ^ Gore climate documentary to be shown in schools, Expatica, 7 February 2007, accessed 11 February 2007
  43. ^ Richard Black. "Humans blamed for Climate Change", BBC News, February 02, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  44. ^ Laurie David. "Science a la Joe Camel", The Washington Post, November 26, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  45. ^ Gerald Wheeler. "NSTA Statement on November 26 Washington Post Op-ed "Science à la Joe Camel"", NTSA, November 28, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
  46. ^ Robert McClure & Lisa Stiffler. "Federal Way schools restrict Gore film", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, January 11, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
  47. ^ KNDO. "School Delays Viewing of Global Warming Documentary", KNDO, January 24, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-24.
  48. ^ David Leask. "All secondary schools to see Gore climate film", The Herald, January 17, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-26.
  49. ^ [10]
  50. ^ [11]
  51. ^ Richard S. Lindzen There Is No 'Consensus' On Global Warming Wall Street Journal, accessed 2007-01-10
  52. ^ David Lawrence, Lindzen needs a reality check on climate change, Notes from the Abyss, 2006-06-26, accessed 2007-10-01
  53. ^ WSJ Hit Piece on Gore Movie Relies on Grievously Flawed Study. thinkprogress.org. http://thinkprogress.org/2006/06/26/wsj-gore/. Accessed on: February 26, 2007.
  54. ^ Politicizing science? Post-Normal Times. March 20, 2006. URL: http://www.postnormaltimes.net/blog/archives/2006/03/politicizing_sc.html. Accessed on: February 26, 2007.
  55. ^ Peiser’s 34 abstracts. timlambert.org. http://timlambert.org/2005/05/peiser/. Accessed on: February 26, 2007.
  56. ^ Questions for Al Gore by Roy Spencer TCS Daily - Questions for Al Gore, 2006-05-25, accessed 2007-03-13
  57. ^ http://www.epw.senate.gov/pressitem.cfm?party=rep&id=257909
  58. ^ 'Global Warming Is Lies' Claims Documentary. Life Style Extra (2007-03-04).
  59. ^ "Gore promotes his 'ultimate action movie'", Chicago Sun-Times, May 5, 2006.
  60. ^ The Convenientest Truth. ComedyCentral.com.
  61. ^ A Terrifying Message from Al Gore. YouTube.
  62. ^ Scientist to CEI: You Used My Research To "Confuse and Mislead". FactCheck.org (May 26, 2006).
  63. ^ Up is Down. onegoodmove (June 15, 2006).
  64. ^ Moira MacDonald. "The baffling new math", Toronto Sun, February 5, 2007.

[edit] See also


Energy Conversion   Edit
Solar power: Active solar | Barra system | Central solar heating plant | Energy tower | Photovoltaics | Solar cell | Solar combisystem | Solar panel | Solar pond | Solar power satellite | Solar power tower | Solar thermal energy | Solar tracker | Solar updraft tower | Passive solar | Trombe wall | Ocean thermal energy conversion
Wind power: Wind farm | Wind turbine
Hydroelectricity: Marine current power | Tidal power | Water turbine | Wave power | Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
Biological: Mechanical biological treatment | Anaerobic digestion | Biomass
Chemical: Blue energy | Fuel cell | Hydrogen production
Geothermal power: Earth cooling tubes | Deep lake water cooling
Electricity generation: Distributed generation | Microgeneration | Sustainable community energy system
Storage: Thermal energy storage | Seasonal thermal store
Sustainability and Development of Energy   Edit
Conversion | Development and Use | Sustainable Energy | Conservation | Transportation


[edit] External links

Spoken Wikipedia
This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2006-11-18, and may not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)

[edit] Reviews

[edit] Skeptical critiques

[edit] Interviews

Part of a series on Global Warming
Subtopics
Scientific opinionAttribution of causesEffectsMitigationAdaptationControversyPoliticsEconomics
Related articles
Climate changeDeforestationGlobal climate modellingGlobal coolingGlobal dimmingGreenhouse effectGreenhouse gases
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeKyoto ProtocolPeak OilRenewable energyTemperature data
Preceded by
March of the Penguins
Academy Award for Documentary Feature
2006
Succeeded by

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

Static Wikipedia 2006 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu