Queen's University
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- For other educational establishments called Queen's, see Queen's University (disambiguation), and Queen's College
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Queen's University |
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| Motto | Sapientia et Doctrina Stabilitas (Wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times)[1] |
| Established | October 16, 1841 |
| Type | Public |
| Endowment | $589 million[4] |
| Chancellor | A. Charles Baillie |
| Principal | Karen R. Hitchcock |
| Staff | 1,031 |
| Undergraduates | 13,500 |
| Postgraduates | 2,900 |
| Location | Kingston, ON, Canada |
| Campus | Urban, 57 ha (141 acres) |
| Sports | Golden Gaels  [2] |
| Colours | Gold, Red, and Blue |
| Mascot | Boo Hoo the Bear [3] |
| Website | http://www.queensu.ca |
Queen's University, generally referred to simply as Queen's, is a coeducational, non-sectarian, research-intensive university located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Queen's University was founded on October 16, 1841, 26 years before Canadian Confederation.
Queen's was the first Canadian university west of the maritime provinces to grant degrees, admit women, and to form a student government. It also hosted the country's first session of Parliament.[5] The Queen's founders modeled their nascent college after the University of Edinburgh in Edinburgh, Scotland, for the Scottish's university's tradition of academic freedom, authority, and moral responsibility. [6]
Queen's has made great efforts to become a more international institution; there are currently 94 countries represented in the student body. Beyond the Kingston campus, the university also has an International Study Centre at Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, England, formerly the home of the Royal Greenwich Observatory.
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[edit] Institution
Queen's currently has approximately 13,500 full-time undergraduate students and 2,900 graduate students. The average entrance grade for 2004 was 89%. Queen's University also requires applicants to submit a Personal Statement of Experience (PSE) with their grades. Queen's was the first degree-granting institution in the United Province of Canada. Queen's today has 17 faculties and schools, listed below:
- The Faculty of Arts and Sciences which, in addition to offering a wide variety of social sciences, humanities, natural and physical sciences, languages, and fine arts, also hosts the following schools:
- The Faculty of Applied Science
- The Faculty of Health Sciences which is divided into:
- The Faculty of Law
- The Faculty of Education
Queen's also features three schools that are, in effect, full faculties through their relative autonomy:
- Queen's School of Business
- Queen's School of Graduate Studies and Research, (includes the School of Policy Studies and the School of Urban and Regional Planning)
- Queen's Theological College (affiliate)
A defining characteristic of Queen's is the school's focus on the "broader learning environment"[7]. Queen's recognizes its responsibility to educate students both in and out of the classroom, and given its residential character (85% of students live within a 15-minute walk to campus; 90% of first-year students live in residence[8]), Queen’s students spend much of their non-class hours on campus. "When the academic day ends, students don’t go their separate ways, but stay in each other’s company, in libraries, residences, gyms, pubs and other venues. The integrated life intensifies a student’s relationship with other students and with the University." [Dryden Report (1979)]. This provides the perfect environment for the countless extracurricular opportunities to which students have access, allowing them to gain leadership, teamwork, and high-level work experience during their time at Queen's.
Prominent student organizations at Queen's include the Alma Mater Society, the oldest student government in Canada which hires over 500 Queen's students; the Society of Graduate and Professional Students; the Queen's Bands, the largest and oldest student marching band in Canada; the Queen's Journal, one of the oldest student newspapers in Canada and the oldest current publication at Queen's; Golden Words, a weekly humour newspaper; Queen's First Aid; and the Queen's Players, a unique improvisational sketch comedy troupe. There are over 300 more student clubs, organizations, and societies at Queen's.
Queen's has been criticized as elitist and conservative, compared with other prominent Canadian universities. Recently, the Toronto Star's front page described a "culture of whiteness" that exists on campus[9]. The article talked about a lack of ethnic, as well as socio-economic, diversity at the school, and the failure of the school to welcome visible minority students and professors. Queen's was not the only university criticized however. "Diversity has become a concern on many campuses — Queen's is not alone," said Ryerson professor Michael Doucet, president of the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations. However, Queen's does not discriminate based on race in their admissions program.
[edit] Rankings and awards
A Queen's School of Business press release mentions that "Queen’s MBA has been ranked #1 for the second time in a row by BusinessWeek magazine’s influential biannual ranking of MBA programs outside the US, with five Canadian schools dominating the top ten. The last time the ranking was released by the US publication, in 2004, Queen’s School of Business also commanded the top spot". Queen's was ranked second in Canada in the Medical-Doctoral category of the 2006 edition of the Maclean's University Rankings despite refusing to participate in the latest survey along with twenty-three other universities, over concerns with the data collection and analysis. Despite this refusal, Macleans completed the survey using Access to Information requests.[10][11] Queen's has the greatest rate of university student retention in Canada at 96.6 percent. Queen's University also received an 'A' grade in the Globe and Mail University Report Card. The university was ranked 176th in the world in the 2006 Times Higher Education Supplement rankings, a jump from 261st in 2005.[12]. Queen's University has 148 Canada Millennium Scholarship holders, the most attending any Canadian university[13]. In addition, 54 Queen's Alumnus are Rhodes Scholarship holders [14]. Finally, Queen’s faculty has received 3.5 times its pro-rated share of Killam awards [15].
[edit] Students and faculty
Enrolment (fall 2006)
- Undergraduate 13,291
- Men 5,589
- Women 7,702
Domestic Undergraduate Student Tuition[16] Based on normal full-time course load for 2006-2007 academic year
- Faculty of Applied Science
- All Years: $7,030.00 (CAD)
- Faculty of Arts and Science; Faculty of Education; School of Computing; School of Music; School of Nursing; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies
- First registered in program in 2006: $4,382.00 (CAD)
- All others: $4,361.00 (CAD)
- School of Business (Commerce)
- First registered in program in 2006: $8,910.00 (CAD)
- Year Two: $10,350.01 (CAD)
- Year Three: $9,060.00 (CAD)
- Year Four: $8,154.00 (CAD)
- Faculty of Law
- First registered in program in 2006: $9,678.00 (CAD)
- All others: $9,319.00 (CAD)
- School of Medicine
- First registered in program in 2006: $14,175.00 (CAD)
- All others: $14,040.00 (CAD)
- Queen's Theological College
- All years: $4,447.90 (CAD)
Academic staff (fall 2004)
- 2,293
(full-time faculty, other teachers and researchers including part-time)
- 2,435
(Other Staff)
Alumni
- 129,615 in 158 countries
[edit] History
[edit] "Queen's College at Kingston"
Queen's University was established on 16 October 1841 by a royal charter issued by Queen Victoria. The document was granted after years of effort by the Presbyterians of Upper Canada to found a college for the education of ministers in the growing colony. Queen's was given a governing structure built around a Board of Trustees, a Principal, and a Senate. Classes began on 7 March 1842, when "Queen's College at Kingston" opened in a small wood-frame house on the edge of the city with two professors and 13 students.
For its first 11 years the school had no home. It moved from house to house in Kingston, finally settling in Summerhill, a spacious limestone residence which still stands at the heart of the main campus. Financial support came at first from the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, the Canadian government, and private citizens. But this support was meagre and barely kept the college afloat. In 1867 and 1868 the college faced ruin when the government withdrew its funding and the commercial bank collapsed, a disaster which cost Queen's two-thirds of its endowment. Principal William Snodgrass and other dedicated officials narrowly rescued the college with a desperate fundraising campaign across Canada.
Yet Queen's future remained insecure. As late as the mid-1880s there was talk within university circles that Queen's should leave Kingston and merge with the University of Toronto as the only means of avoiding financial failure. However, Queen's senior officials were determined to stay and build on the roots the college had put down and the progress it had begun to achieve in Kingston. It had added the Faculty of Medicine in 1854 and had taken over the Kingston observatory in 1861. In 1869, Queen's became the first university west of the Maritimes to admit women to classes. And by the mid-1870s enrolment had grown from 15 to more than 100 students.
But it was not until the principalship of the Rev. George Munro Grant (1877-1902) that Queen's achieved a position as one of Canada's premier universities. The first of Queen's Canadian-born principals, Grant was an idealistic and forceful man, determined to build the college into a national institution. He was deeply religious and nationalistic and worked to produce graduates who would build the growing country in a spirit of dedicated service rather than material gain. Under his leadership, Queen's grew rapidly in size and prestige. By the end of his 25-year term the college had more than tripled its size, gained a measure of financial security, and charted a course towards greater academic diversity. In 1893 Queen's established the Ontario School of Mining and Agriculture, forerunner of today's Queen's Faculty of Applied Science. A graduate studies program was launched in 1889. And in the 1880s it pioneered correspondence education in North America.
Principal Grant died in 1902 and was succeeded by the Rev Daniel Miner Gordon. No one could replace Grant entirely, but the college continued to grow under Gordon's direction. The most important development in Gordon's term came in 1912, when Queen's decided to separate the Faculty of Theology from the college. On April 1, 1912, Queen's Theological College was created by an Act of Parliament and it was then that the college officially changed its name to "Queen's University at Kingston." Gordon retired because of failing health in 1916, two years into World War I.
The war had a dramatic impact at Queen's. Students were thrown into military training. Grant Hall – an assembly and concert hall built in 1905 and named after the former Principal – was transformed into an army hospital. And the enlistment of students, staff, and faculty caused enrolment to plummet, leaving Queen's, according to university historian Frederick Gibson a skeleton hovering on the edge of bankruptcy. But the armistice in 1918 and a $1,000,000 fundraising drive led by the new Principal, Rev Bruce Taylor, soon put the university back on course of modest progress and innovation. Queen's introduced the first commerce courses in Canada in 1918. Old Richardson Memorial Stadium was built on Union Street in 1920; Douglas library went up in 1924; and Ban Righ – Queen's oldest existing student residence – was built in 1925.
[edit] Great Depression and World War II
The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 brought progress at Queen's to a virtual halt, despite the notorious thrift of its administration. Sir William Hamilton Fyfe, Principal from 1930, built a slender base at Queen's for music and the fine arts, but could do little else to advance Queen's in the straitened circumstances of the decade. He handed the reins of the university to Principal Robert Wallace in 1936.
The Second World War followed hard on the heels of the Depression and thrust Queen's back into a world of military discipline and reduced expectations. Although the university did not suffer as it had in the previous war, it made few permanent advances – one notable exception being the establishment of the School of Nursing in 1941.
But the end of the war in 1945 ushered in the greatest period of growth in Queen's history. Between 1945 and Wallace's retirement in 1951, it opened the School of Physical and Health Education and a new building for Mechanical Engineering. After fire swept through the old Students' Memorial Union in 1947, the university built a new student centre, known today as the John Deutsch University Centre.
[edit] 1950s-1980s
In the 1950s, the pace of growth quickened, propelled by the expanding postwar economy and the first stirrings of the demographic boom that peaked in the 1960s. During the principalship of William Mackintosh (1951-1961) enrolment increased from just over 2000 students to more than 3000. The university embarked on an ambitious building program, constructing five student residences in less than ten years. In 1956 Agnes Etherington – widow of a former dean of medicine – donated her large Georgian-style house on University Avenue to Queen's for the "furthering of art and music" at the university. Named in her honour, the Agnes Etherington Art Centre has since grown into one of Canada's leading art galleries. Following the reorganization of legal education in Ontario in the mid-1950s, Queen's Faculty of Law opened in 1957 in the newly-built John A. Macdonald Hall. Other major additions to Queen's in the 1950s were the construction of Richardson Hall to house Queen's administrative offices and Dunning hall.
The terms of Principals James Corry (1961-1968) and John Deutsch (1968-1974) saw continued growth. With baby boomers knocking at the door and public funding flowing generously, Queen's – like most other Canadian universities – more than tripled its enrolment and greatly expanded its faculty, staff, and facilities. By the mid-1970s, the number of full-time students had reached 10,000. Among the new facilities were three more residences and separate buildings for the Departments of Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Psychology, and Computing and for the Social Sciences and the Humanities. The period also saw the establishment at Queen's of Schools of Music, Public Administration (now part of Policy Studies), Rehabilitation Therapy, and Urban and Regional Planning.
The biggest development was the establishment of the Queen's Faculty of Education in 1968 on land about a kilometre west of the university. This was the beginning of Queen's west campus, which also holds several residences and Queen's football stadium, moved from the main campus in 1971.
Principal Deutsch put a brake on enrolment during his term (1968-1974) to safeguard the traditional personal character of education at Queen's. He believed that a full-time enrolment of about 10,000 would be large enough for Queen's to offer a wide range of programs while retaining its sense of community. Since then the appropriate balance has been found at a slightly higher enrolment, reaching about 13,000 full-time students in the 1990s. This decision to restrict growth, as well as a sharp reduction in public funding to universities, made the decade between 1974 and 1984, in the words of Principal Ronald Watts, one of "constraint, consolidation, and constructive change." In 1978, work was finished on Botterell Hall, a nine-storey medical sciences and library building next to Kingston General Hospital. Several other buildings were expanded. And though the number of students levelled out, the number of applications soared, allowing Queen's to develop what are now the highest undergraduate admission standards in Canada. Queen's also worked successfully throughout the decade to improve graduate studies and research, increasing both the quantity and the quality of its graduate students.
[edit] 1990s - present
Under the leadership of Principal David Smith (1984-1994), Queen's worked to maintain its high graduate and undergraduate standards. It sought as well to build on its roots as a place that welcomes students from all parts of Canadian society and from around the world. As part of a small construction boom, the university built a new School of Policy Studies and a five-storey technology centre (Walter Light Hall). The most important project on campus in the early 1990s was the $48 million Joseph S. Stauffer Library at the corner of Union Street and University Avenue. A dramatic development off campus was the donation of England's historic Herstmonceux Castle, complete with a 15th-century moated castle, to Queen's in 1993 by alumnus Alfred Bader. The estate serves as the International Study Centre for Queen's.
Principal Smith was succeeded by Dr. William Leggett, a former Vice-Principal at McGill University, who served as Principal of Queen’s from 1994 until 2004. Under Dr. Leggett's tenure, the construction boom continued. From 1998 to 2004 the University undertook the largest capital expansion and renovation phase in its history. New facilities included: Chernoff Hall, the new home of the Department of Chemistry; Beamish-Munro Hall home to the Faculty of Applied Science’s Integrated Learning Centre; Goodes Hall, new home to the School of Business in the renovated and expanded Victoria School; and the Cancer Research Institute. Two new student residences on the lower campus – Leggett Hall and Watts Hall - opened in September 2003.
One of the most significant changes at Queen's in the 1990s under Principal Leggett was the re-alignment of the Vice-Principal portfolios. In 1995, Principal Leggett announced the new portfolios: Vice-Principal (Academic), Vice-Principal (Operations and Finance) and Vice-Principal (Research). As well, the position of Dean of Student Affairs was created in 1995 to specifically serve the needs of the student population .
The University faced significant funding challenges through the late 1990s and early into the next decade, with severe cuts in base funding from the provincial government. The need for increased funding was partially addressed through the work of the Office of Advancement. The Campaign for Queen's was officially launched in October 2000 with an ambitious goal of $200 million for a range of priorities, from new facilities to faculty recruitment, student aid and curriculum enhancements. The closing celebration of the Campaign for Queen’s was held on May 10, 2003 having raised $261 million.
On July 1 2004, Dr. Karen Hitchcock, a former President of the University at Albany, succeeded Principal Leggett, becoming the 18th Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Queen’s University.
[edit] Campus
Being one of the oldest universities in Canada, Queen's has a beautiful campus most renowned for the old limestone buildings and unique romanesque revival and neo-gothic architecture. The main campus contains most of the teaching and administrative buildings packed into a relatively small space; walking time from one end of campus to the other is approximately 10 minutes. Adjacent to the campus, and within the same walking distance, is the Kingston General Hospital which is affiliated with Queen's, and is a designated National Historic Site as it served as the location of the first parliament of the Province of Canada from 1841-1843. There is also a smaller expansion known as "West Campus" which is approximately a 15-minute walk to the west of the main campus. West Campus holds additional student residences, the Faculty of Education, and Richardson Memorial Stadium (home of the Queen's Golden Gaels).
Although the campus is relatively small and the buildings densely packed, there are many open green spaces and deciduous trees that create a park-like atmosphere. The campus is currently undergoing extensive upgrades and beautification along University Avenue, the main thoroughfare, to increase safety and aesthetic appeal.
The campus is on the shore of Lake Ontario and has easy access to the lake front park, a favourite spot for students to relax and unwind when the weather permits. The campus is also located approximately 10 minutes from the city's downtown core where many shops, restaurants, and bars are found.
[edit] International Study Centre
The International Study Centre (ISC) is housed in Herstmonceux Castle, which was donated to Queen's in 1995 by alumnus Alfred Bader. Herstmonceux Castle is in southern England and provides a base for field studies by its students throughout Sussex, in London and Northern England, and on the Continent. The courses available range from English Literature to Geography to Mathematics, with many of the courses specially designed to take advantage of the location of the ISC. Instructors and students are not exclusively from Queen's, but attend from across Canada, the United States, Mexico, Europe, Japan, China, Scandinavia and elsewhere. Students attend classes Monday through Thursday and are encouraged to use their three day weekend to experience Europe. Field trips are required for all courses, although some are more field trip heavy than others (e.g. history and art history). There are also two non course specific field trips that are included in the program fees. In the past, the first semester trip has been to Scotland and Northern England, while the second semester trip has been to Paris, Brussells and Bruges.
Herstmonceux Castle is famous for its gardens and grounds, as well as its proximity to the old Royal Observatory but students at the ISC can also enjoy a small gymnasium and a flavorful student pub within the castle called the Headless Drummer.
[edit] Queen's Centre
In October 2004, Queen's University announced a $230-million plan to create a sports and recreation complex called the "Queen's Centre" over two city blocks. It is expected to take more than ten years from design to completion.
The plans include the building of a six-lane track, an Olympic-sized arena, 25-metre pool, eight basketball courts, substantially more gathering and meeting space than is currently available, fitness, aerobic, locker and food space, and a new home for the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (formerly School of Physical and Health Education).
The university has also unveiled a slogan for the centre, which is "Where mind, body and spirit come together".
The project will be completed in three phases, the earliest of which is scheduled for completion in September 2009. This first phase will include the new Varsity Gymnasium, Aquatic Centre, Fitness and Weight Centre and School of Kinesiology and Health Studies.
[edit] Sports, clubs, and traditions
[edit] Football
The Golden Gaels won three consecutive Grey Cups in 1922, 1923 and 1924. The Golden Gaels also won the Vanier Cup as the top university football team in CIS in 1968, 1978, and 1992.
[edit] Hockey
The Queen's hockey team is notable as the first team ever to challenge for the Stanley Cup, in 1895. The Queen's team was a regular contender in the early days of Stanley Cup Challenge Games. In 1926, Queen's was the Eastern Canadian Champions, but lost the Memorial Cup series to the Calgary Canadians for the national championship.
[edit] Radio
CFRC, the Queen's University radio station, is the second longest running radio station in the world, surpassed only by the Marconi companies. The first public broadcast of the station was on October 27th, 1923 when the football game between Queen's and McGill was called play-by-play. CFRC operates to the present day and broadcasts at 101.9 MHz.
[edit] Queen's jackets
Each faculty at Queen's sports its own distinctive jacket, in different colour based on the program type. The material is almost exclusively leather, though historically there were times when the jackets were made of other materials such as nylon. Students often sew distinctive bars or patches onto their Queen's jackets to make them more unique and individual. Patches include major of study and faculty society mottos, as well as the official school crest with university motto -- Sapientia Et Doctrina Stabilitas -- and other assorted symbols. However, additions may not be made until the completion of first year.
As of 2006, the jacket colours are:[17]
- Applied Science (Engineering): gold (usually dyed purple to varying degrees)
- Arts & Science: scarlet
- Commerce: burgundy
- Computing: black
- Concurrent Education: dark blue
- Law: black
- Medicine: royal blue
- Music: black
- Nursing: midnight blue
- Kinesiology and Health Studies: dark blue
In the case of Arts (before expansion as Arts & Science), Applied Science, Medicine, and Commerce, the jacket colour is the same as the pompom on each faculty society tam, the wearing of which was introduced in 1925. In the case of Arts, Science and Medicine, the colours were derived from the University Tricolour of Red, Gold and Blue. Before gaining greater autonomy, Commerce was under the Faculty of Arts, and as such its colour was derived as a different shade of the Arts colour. In the relatively newer faculties, however, this colour link is not present.
Students of Applied Science (Engineering) have taken to dying their jackets purple - a tradition that was originally established to honour the engineers who stayed behind on the Titanic, and subsequently lost their lives (the uniform colour for engineers on the ship was purple). Queen's Engineers are also (in)famous for slamming their jackets on the ground en masse. While amusing when there are only a few slammers present, it is an awe-inspiring sight (and sound) to behold when hundreds of them slam simultaneously.
[edit] Military service
Queen's students served in both the Great War and the Second World War. Approximately 1,500 students participated in the First World War and 189 died. Months before Canada joined the second world war, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Queen's to accept an honorary degree and, in a broadcast heard around the world, voiced the American policy of mutual alliance and friendship with Canada. Roosevelt stated, "The Dominion of Canada is part of the sisterhood of the British Empire. I give to you assurance that the people of the United States will not stand idly by if domination of Canadian soil is threatened by any other Empire." Canada, during the Second World War, had the participation of 2,917 Queen's graduates and the sacrifice of 157. The Victoria Cross was awarded to Major John Weir Foote, Arts '33, Canadian Chaplain Service.
Today, numerous Queen's students serve in Kingston's naval reserve division, HMCS Cataraqui (which administers the University Naval Training Divisions program for reserve officers), and Kingston's local milita regiment, The Princess of Wales' Own.
[edit] Queen's University people
[edit] Chancellors
- The Reverend John Cook (1877-1879)
- Sir Sandford Fleming (1880-1915)
- James Douglas (1915-1918)
- Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty (1918-1923)
- The Right Honourable Sir Robert Laird Borden (1924-1929)
- James Armstrong Richardson (1929-1939)
- The Honourable Charles Avery Dunning (1940-1958)
- John Bertram Stirling (1960-1973)
- The Right Honourable Roland Michener (1973-1980)
- Agnes McCausland Benidickson (1980-1996)
- The Honourable Peter Lougheed (1996-2002)
- Charles Baillie (2002-Present)
[edit] Principals
- The Reverend Thomas Liddell 1841-1846
- The Reverend John Machar 1846-1853
- The Reverend James George (acting principal) 1854-1857
- The Reverend John Cook 1857-1859
- The Reverend William Leitch 1859-1864
- The Reverend William Snodgrass 1864-1877
- The Reverend George Monro Grant 1877-1902
- The Reverend Daniel Miner Gordon 1902-1917
- The Reverend Robert Bruce Taylor 1917-1930
- Sir William Hamilton Fyfe 1930-1936
- Robert Charles Wallace 1936-1951
- William Archibald Mackintosh 1951-1961
- James Alexander Corry 1961-1968
- John James Deutsch 1968-1974
- Ronald Lampman Watts 1974-1984
- David Chadwick Smith 1984-1994
- William Leggett 1994-2004
- Karen R. Hitchcock 2004-
[edit] Notable alumni and staff
[edit] See also
- Herstmonceux Castle (Queen's International Study Centre)
- Old Four
- Group of Thirteen (Canadian universities)
- Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada
- Queen's University Solar Vehicle Team
- Queen's School of Business
- Agnes Benidickson Tricolour Award
[edit] External links
- Official Site
- [5]
- The Queen's University Guide
- Queen's University Campus Security
- The Queen's Journal (student newspaper)
- Queen's University Solar Vehicle Team
- Queen's University Online Community for alumni - The Common Room @ Queen's
- Maps and aerial photos
- WikiSatellite view at WikiMapia
- Street map from Mapquest or Google Maps
- Satellite image from Google Maps
- Topographical map from Maptech
- Queen's Leadership, Excellence and Development Conference (QLEAD)
- Syndicus Magazine - Multi-disciplinary student academic publication.
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ See Queen's Encyclopedia [Accessed 19th December 2005]
- ^ See [1] [Accessed 29th November 2006]
- ^ [2] [Accessed 29th November 2006]
- ^ See [3] Queen's Pooled Endowment Fund Quarterly Investment Report, September 2006 [Accessed 20th March 2007]
- ^ http://www.otago.ac.nz/study/student_exchange/partners/queens.html
- ^ Calvin, Queen's University at Kingston, 1841-1941, Hunter Rose, Toronto, 1941
- ^ See Government of Canada website: Minister of Industry mentions "broader learning environment" [Accessed 28th June 2006]
- ^ See Queen's at a Glance (pg. 12) [Accessed 28th June 2006]
- ^ Brown, L. (2006). Queen's U. confronts `culture of whiteness'. The Toronto Star, April 22, 2006.
- ^ http://www.mcgill.ca/reporter/39/06/macleans/ Top three schools in the Macleans Rankings
- ^ http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2006/18/c7274.html Maclean's files Freedom of Information requests with 22 universities
- ^ TopGraduate, Big changes in the THES – QS World University Rankings 2006/7, accessed 2 December 2006
- ^ [4]
- ^ http://qnc.queensu.ca/campusnews_article_loader.php?id=45670ac55f303
- ^ http://www.business.queensu.ca/grad_studies/PHD/the_queens_advantage.php
- ^ http://www.queensu.ca/registrar/fees/ug-dom.html - University Registrar Domestic Undergraduate Fees
- ^ See: Queen's Medicine 2006 Class Crest Designs [Accessed 25 July, 2006]
