Raphael
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Raffaello Sanzio (or Raphael) (April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520) was a Renaissance painter and architect. He is most well known for his paintings of Madonna and his art that is in the Vatican Museum in Rome, Italy.
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[edit] Perugia
[edit] Birth
Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi (d. 1494), who was also an artist, and Magia di Battista Ciarla (d. 1491). Pietro Perugino was one of Raphael's teachers.
[edit] First Works
Rapheal's first major work was The Marriage of the Virgin which was painted in 1504. It is currently in the Brera Gallery in Milan, Italy. These were shortly followed by three more paintings: The Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and Saint Michael.
[edit] Florence
Raphael went with another painter, Bernardino Pinturicchio, to Florence, Italy, by c. 1504. He went there because he was attracted by the work of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
[edit] The Madonnas
Whilst he was in Florence, Raphael painted many of his famous Madonna paintings. The most famous of these paintings are:
- The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505), which is now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy.
- the Madonna del Prato (c. 1505), which is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, in Vienna, Austria.
- the Esterházy Madonna (c. 1505–07, which is in Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, Hungary.
- La Belle Jardinière (c. 1507), which is in the Louvre Museum, in Paris, France.
[edit] Rome
Raphael was called to Rome, Italy by Pope Julius II in 1508. Raphael became popular whilst he was in Rome and was known as the prince of painters. He spent the last 12 years of his life in Rome and created many of his famous paintings.
[edit] The Stanze
Some of Rapheal's most famous paitings are the frescos that are painted over the walls of Julius II's own rooms in the Vatican Palace, known as the Stanze. The Stanza della Segnatura and the Stanza d'Eliodoro were created by Raphael himself, whilst the Stanza dell'Incendio was designed by Raphael and painted by his assistants.
The Stanza della Segnatura frescos are Raphael's most famous paintings out of the Stanze. The paintings on the four walls are called the Disputa, the School of Athens, the Parnassus and the Cardinal Virtues. The Disputa and the School of Athens are the most important of these frescos.
[edit] Architecture
Raphael's first work as an architect was the funeral chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. Pope Leo X also chose Raphael to help design Saint Peter's Basilica alongside Donato Bramante. After Bramante died, Raphael took over the designing of the basilica and changed it from a Greek to a Latin design.
[edit] The Transfiguration
Raphael's last work of art was the Transfiguration. This was an alterpiece, but Raphael died before he could complete it. It was instead finished by Giulio Romano, who was one of Raphael's assistants.
[edit] Death
Raphael died on his 37th birthday and was buried in the Pantheon in Rome, Italy. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican and his Transfiguration alterpiece was put at the head of Raphael's bier.
[edit] See also
