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联合国非自治领土列表 - Wikipedia

联合国非自治领土列表

维基百科,自由的百科全书

The 联合国 maintains a list of territories that do not govern themselves. The list was initially prepared in 1946年 pursuant to Article XI of the United Nations Charter, and has been updated since then by 会员大会 on recommendation of the Special Committee on Decolonization and its predecessors. This list is called the 联合国非自治领土列表. Only permanently inhabited territories are considered for inclusion in this list.

The list is one that draws its origins from the period of colonialism and the Charter's concept of non-self-governing territories. Thus, Western Sahara is included not solely on the grounds that it is under Moroccan occupation (and seen by Morocco as an integral part of the Kingdom) but also because it was a former Spanish colony. The same can be said about the situation of Namibia (removed upon its independence in 1990年), which was seen, due to its former status as a mandate territory, as a vestige of German colonial legacy in Africa. According to this criterion of pertaining to the process of decolonisation, criticism from many activists, most notable of which are pro-Tibetan activists, is found groundless. A set of criteria for determining whether a territory is to be considered "non-self-governing" was established in General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) of 1960年.

Also in 1960年, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 1514 (XV), promulgating the "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples", which declared that all remaining non-self-governing territories and trust territories were entitled to self-determination and independence. The following year, the General Assembly established the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (sometimes referred to as the Special Committee on Decolonization, or the "Committee of 24" because for much of its history the committee was composed of 24 members), which generally reviews the situation in each non-self-governing territory each year and reports to the General Assembly.

The list, however, remains controversial. One reason for this is the fact that it includes many dependencies that, many contend, have democratically elected to maintain their territorial status, and rejected independence (or in some cases the parent state periodically organizes referenda, as in the 美属维尔京群岛, but there is insufficient voter interest), while other non-self-determining areas (most of the 法国海外领土 and departments, 西藏 and the Spanish north african exclaves) are excluded. Another is that a number of the listed territories, such as 百慕大, also consider themselves completely autonomous and self-governing, with the "administering Power" retaining a limited number of responsibilities such as defence and diplomacy. On the other hand, other territories that have achieved a status described by the administering countries as internally self-governing -- 如波多黎各,Netherlands Antilles和Cook Islands -- 通过会员大会投票从此列表删除。1972年中华人民共和国得到联合国合法席位后, 香港 (由英国管理) and 澳门 (由葡萄牙管理)因为中华人民共和国的要求从此列表删除。 Many critics charge the Committee that drafts this list of using it as a largely political instrument.

一些领土已经被合并,由于他们不再组成“非自治”实体,并成立了被控的合法框架(如法国海外领土),因此联合国认为的他们非殖民的领土,但是rather their populations are assumed to have agreed to merge with their former parent state. 然而1961年,会员大会投票结果不再承认葡萄牙的“海外领土”如安哥拉莫桑比克, which were an active focus of United Nations attention until they attained independence in the mid-1970's.

1986年12月2日 , New Caledonia, then a territoire d'outre-mer, was reinstated on the list of 非自治领土,被法国保护。 New Caledonia is the only French-administered territory presently on the list although it has been enjoying the status of a collectivité sui generis since 1999 and its Territorial Congress holds the right, since the 1998年 Nouméa Accords, to call for a referendum on independence after 2014年.

目录

[编辑] 列表

[编辑] 非洲

  • 西撒哈拉 (大部分被摩洛哥占领,剩余部分由萨拉威阿拉伯民主共和国管理;参看西撒哈拉的外交关系)

[编辑] 大西洋地区(包括加勒比海)

[编辑] 欧洲

[编辑] 太平洋印度洋地区

  • 美属萨摩亚 (美国无组织为未被承认领土)
  • 关岛 (美国有组织未被承认领土)
  • New Caledonia (法国海外领土)
  • 皮特克恩群岛 (英国海外领土)
  • 托克劳群岛 (从属新西兰的自治领)

[编辑] 修改情况

以下领土曾经全部在自治领土列表上,依次给出的是年份,过去的管理,殖民势力以及去除原因。

[编辑] 改变

  • 阿拉斯加, 1959年,获得美国联邦州地位
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands (澳大利亚), 1984年, on change of status
  • Cook Islands (新西兰), 1965年, on change of status
  • 印度的法国军事设施, 1947年, on change of status (now part of 印度)
  • 大洋洲法国军事设施, 1947年, on change of status (现称法属玻利尼西亚和Wallis and Futuna Islands; New Caledonia subsequently restored to list)
  • 法属圭亚那, 1947, on change of status
  • 果阿和附属地区 (葡萄牙), 1961年, on change of status (现属印度)
  • 格凌兰 (丹麦), 1954, on change of status
  • 瓜德罗普岛和附属部分(法国), 1947年, on change of status
  • 夏威夷, 1959年,获得美国联邦州地位
  • 香港 (英国), 1972年,(中华人民共和国请求从此列表删除)
  • 伊夫尼 (西班牙), 1969年, (现属摩洛哥)
  • 澳门 (葡萄牙), 1972年,(中华人民共和国请求从此列表删除)
  • 马提尼克岛 (法国), 1947年, on change of status
  • 荷属安地列斯群岛, 1953年, on change of status
  • Niue (新西兰), 1974年, on change of status
  • 北马里亚纳群岛 (美国), 1990年, change of status in recognition of 共和国 status
  • 巴拿马运河区 (美国), 1947年, (巴拿马请求从列表删除,现属巴拿马)
  • [[波多黎各] (美国), 1953年, on change of status
  • Réunion (法国), 1947, on change of status
  • São João Baptista de Ajudá (葡萄牙), 1961年, on change of status (现属贝宁)
  • Saint Pierre et Miquelon (法国), 1947年, on change of status
  • 苏里南 (荷兰), 1953年, on change of status (现已独立)

[编辑] 获得独立

[编辑] 资源

[编辑] 参看

  • 没有代表的国家和民族组织(Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
  • List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
  • 从属领土列表
  • 主权国家列表
  • 未被承认国家列表
  • 2006年托克劳群岛自治公投

[编辑] 外部链接

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