Slovak language

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Slovak language

Spoken in:

Slovakia, Czechia, Vojvodina (by 2,79% of the people) USA, Canada, Australia, Hungary, Croatia and Ukraine

Speaker:

6 million

Offical language:

Country:

Slovakia

Linguistic classification:

Indo-European languages
	Slavic languages
		Western slavic languages
			Czech-Slovak-group
				Slovak language

Slovak is the language spoken in Slovakia, a country in Eastern Europe. It is a Slavic language, a group of languages which includes Russian, Polish and many other East European languages. It is very similar to Czech, and Czechs and Slovaks can understand one another quite well when speaking their own language. Polish and Sorbian are also quite similar. Slovak is spoken in Slovakia by more than 5 million people.

[edit] Pronunciation

Slovak is written using the Roman (Latin) alphabet, but there are some letters which have special signs (called “diacritics”).

The letters č, š, ž and dž are like the English sounds in chin, shin, vision and juice.

The letters ď, ľ, ň, and ť are called “soft consonants”. They are pronounced with the blade of the tongue at the roof of the mouth.

C, dz and j are also soft. C is like ts in bats, dz is like dz in rods, and j is like y in yes.

Signs over a vowel show that the vowel is pronounced long: á, é, í, ó, ý ú. A long vowel is never followed in the next syllable by a short vowel.

The ô is like English wombat, and ä is the same as the letter e.

Ch is like ch in Scottish loch. V is more like English w.

The letters b, d, ď, dz, dž, g, h, z, ž are voiceless when they are at the end of a word (for example: 'd' will sound like 't').

C, dz and j are also soft. They are pronounced like ts in cats, dz in rods and y in yes.

The stress is always on the first syllable of the word. This is different from Russian, for example, where the stress can be anywhere.

Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is difficult for English speakers to pronounce. This is particularly because several consonants often come together. In the sentence: “Strč prst skrz krk!” there is not one single vowel (it means: “Stick a finger through your neck!”)!

[edit] Grammar

The grammar is similar to Russian, but there are some differences. Russian does not use words for “to have” and “to be” but Slovak does:

Ja som Angličan (I am English)
(Ja) mám kufor (I have a suitcase).

Notice that we say “a” suitcase, but Slovak does not have articles (words like “the” and “a”).

There are three genders in Slovak. This means that you need to know for every noun whether it is masculine, feminine or neuter. There is no article to show you (like in German), but you need to know in order to decide what the adjective ending will be.

Like in many other European languages, verbs have to agree with the person, i.e. there are different forms for 'I', 'you', 'he' etc. Verbs have different aspects to show whether the action is complete or not. There are also different cases which show the meaning of a word in a sentence. Different prepositions need to be followed by different cases. This all makes Slovak grammar quite complicated for English speakers.