维基百科,自由的百科全书
从2003年1月始,Wikipedia开始使用TeX标记来处理数学公式。它会根据用户的设定以及公式的复杂程度,自动生成PNG图像或者简单的HTML标记。
数学记号应该放在<math> ... </math>标记中。关于TeX显示的讨论或者您有任何建议,请到英文Wikipedia的相关页面(直接点击本页左方的链接)。
[编辑] 函数、符号及特殊字符
[编辑] 声调
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\bar{a} |
 |
\acute{a} |
 |
\check{a} |
 |
\grave{a} |
 |
\tilde{a} |
 |
\hat{a} |
 |
\breve{a} |
 |
\dot{a} |
 |
\ddot{a} |
 |
[编辑] 函数
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\sin a |
sina |
\cos b |
cosb |
\tan c |
tanc |
\cot d |
cotd |
\sec e |
sece |
\csc f |
cscf |
\arcsin k |
arcsink |
\arccos l |
arccosl |
\arctan m |
arctanm |
\sinh g |
sinhg |
\cosh h |
coshh |
\tanh i |
tanhi |
\coth j |
cothj |
\operatorname{sh}\,g |
 |
\operatorname{argsh}\,k |
 |
\operatorname{ch}\,h |
 |
\operatorname{argch}\,l |
 |
\operatorname{th}\,i |
 |
\operatorname{argth}\,m |
 |
\lim n |
 |
\limsup o |
 |
\liminf p |
 |
\min q |
minq |
\max r |
maxr |
\inf s |
 |
\sup t |
 |
\exp u |
expu |
\ln v |
lnv |
\lg w |
lgw |
\log x |
logx |
\log_{10} y |
log10y |
\ker x |
 |
\deg x |
degx |
\gcd x |
gcdx |
\Pr x |
 |
\det x |
detx |
\hom x |
 |
\arg x |
 |
\dim x |
 |
[编辑] 同余
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\pmod{m} |
(mod m) |
a \bmod b |
amod b |
[编辑] 微分
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\nabla |
 |
\partial x |
 |
dx |
dx |
\dot x |
 |
\ddot y |
 |
|
[编辑] 集合
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\forall |
 |
\exists |
 |
\empty |
 |
\emptyset |
 |
\varnothing |
 |
\in |
 |
\ni |
 |
\not\in |
 |
\notin |
 |
\subset |
 |
\subseteq |
 |
\supset |
 |
\supseteq |
 |
\cap |
 |
\bigcap |
 |
\cup |
 |
\bigcup |
 |
\biguplus |
 |
\sqsubset |
 |
\sqsubseteq |
 |
\sqsupset |
 |
\sqsupseteq |
 |
\sqcap |
 |
\sqcup |
 |
\bigsqcup |
 |
[编辑] 逻辑
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
p |
p |
\land |
 |
\wedge |
 |
\bigwedge |
 |
\bar{q} \to p |
 |
\lor |
 |
\vee |
 |
\bigvee |
 |
\lnot |
 |
\neg q |
 |
\setminus |
 |
\smallsetminus |
 |
[编辑] 根号
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\sqrt{x} |
 |
\sqrt[n]{x} |
![\sqrt[n]{x}](../../../math/5/e/4/5e4352778f3b156f05ef056f9793ec36.png) |
[编辑] 关系符号
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\sim |
 |
\approx |
 |
\simeq |
 |
\cong |
 |
\dot= |
 |
\le |
 |
< |
< |
\ll |
 |
\gg |
 |
\ge |
 |
> |
> |
\equiv |
 |
\not\equiv |
 |
\ne |
 |
\neq |
 |
\propto |
 |
\pm |
 |
\mp |
 |
[编辑] 几何符号
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\Diamond |
 |
\Box |
 |
\triangle |
 |
\angle |
 |
\perp |
 |
\mid |
 |
\nmid |
 |
\ |
 |
45^\circ |
 |
[编辑] 箭头符号
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\leftarrow |
 |
\gets |
 |
\rightarrow |
 |
\to |
 |
\leftrightarrow |
 |
\longleftarrow |
 |
\longrightarrow |
 |
\mapsto |
 |
\longmapsto |
 |
\hookrightarrow |
 |
\hookleftarrow |
 |
\nearrow |
 |
\searrow |
 |
\swarrow |
 |
\nwarrow |
 |
\uparrow |
 |
\downarrow |
 |
\updownarrow |
 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\rightharpoonup |
 |
\rightharpoondown |
 |
\leftharpoonup |
 |
\leftharpoondown |
 |
\upharpoonleft |
 |
\upharpoonright |
 |
\downharpoonleft |
 |
\downharpoonright |
 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\Leftarrow |
 |
\Rightarrow |
 |
\Leftrightarrow |
 |
\Longleftarrow |
 |
\Longrightarrow |
 |
\Longleftrightarrow (or \iff) |
 |
\Uparrow |
 |
\Downarrow |
 |
\Updownarrow |
 |
[编辑] 特殊符号
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\eth |
 |
\S |
 |
\P |
 |
\% |
 |
\dagger |
 |
\ddagger |
 |
\star |
 |
* |
* |
\ldots |
 |
\smile |
 |
\frown |
 |
\wr |
 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\oplus |
 |
\bigoplus |
 |
\otimes |
 |
\bigotimes |
 |
\times |
 |
\cdot |
 |
\div |
 |
\circ |
 |
\bullet |
 |
\bigodot |
 |
\boxtimes |
 |
\boxplus |
 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\triangleleft |
 |
\triangleright |
 |
\infty |
 |
\bot |
 |
\top |
 |
\vdash |
 |
\vDash |
 |
\Vdash |
 |
\models |
 |
\lVert |
 |
\rVert |
 |
|
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\imath |
 |
\hbar |
 |
\ell |
 |
\mho |
 |
\Finv |
 |
\Re |
 |
\Im |
 |
\wp |
 |
\complement |
 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
语法 |
效果 |
\diamondsuit |
 |
\heartsuit |
 |
\clubsuit |
 |
\spadesuit |
 |
\Game |
 |
\flat |
 |
\natural |
 |
\sharp |
 |
[编辑] 上标、下标及积分等
功能 |
语法 |
效果 |
上标 |
a^2 |
a2 |
下标 |
a_2 |
a2 |
组合 |
a^{2+2} |
a2 + 2 |
a_{i,j} |
ai,j |
结合上下标 |
x_2^3 |
 |
前置上下标 |
{}_1^2\!X_3^4 |
 |
导数
(HTML) |
x' |
x' |
导数
(PNG) |
x^\prime |
 |
导数
(错误) |
x\prime |
 |
导数点 |
\dot{x} |
 |
\ddot{y} |
 |
向量 |
\vec{c} |
 |
\overleftarrow{a b} |
 |
\overrightarrow{c d} |
 |
\widehat{e f g} |
 |
上划线 |
\overline{h i j} |
 |
下划线 |
\underline{k l m} |
 |
上括号 |
\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100} |
 |
\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix} |
 |
下括号 |
\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z} |
 |
\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26 \end{matrix} |
 |
求和 |
\sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
 |
\begin{matrix} \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 \end{matrix} |
 |
求积 |
\prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
 |
\begin{matrix} \prod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix} |
 |
上积 |
\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
 |
\begin{matrix} \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix} |
 |
极限 |
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
 |
\begin{matrix} \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n \end{matrix} |
 |
积分 |
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
 |
\begin{matrix} \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \end{matrix} |
 |
双重积分 |
\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy |
 |
三重积分 |
\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz |
 |
四重积分 |
\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt |
 |
路径积分 |
\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
 |
交集 |
\bigcap_1^{n} p |
 |
并集 |
\bigcup_1^{k} p |
 |
|
[编辑] 分数及多行显示
功能 |
语法 |
效果 |
分数 |
\frac{2}{4} 或者{2 \over 4} = 0.5 |
 |
小型分数 |
\begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix} = 0.5 |
 |
二项式系数 |
{n \choose k} |
 |
矩阵 |
\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix} |
 |
\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0\end{bmatrix} |
 |
\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix} |
 |
\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix} |
 |
\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix} |
 |
\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} |
 |
条件定义 |
f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases} |
 |
多行等式 |
\begin{matrix}f(n+1)&=& (n+1)^2 \\ \ & =& n^2 + 2n + 1\end{matrix} |
 |
联立方程 |
\begin{cases} 3 x + 5 y + z \\ 7 x - 2 y + 4 z \\ -6 x + 3 y + 2 z \end{cases} |
 |
[编辑] 字体
[编辑] 希腊字母
大写希腊字母
|
\Alpha |
Α |
\Beta |
Β |
\Gamma |
Γ |
\Delta |
Δ |
\Epsilon |
Ε |
\Zeta |
Ζ |
\Eta |
Η |
\Theta |
Θ |
\Iota |
Ι |
\Kappa |
Κ |
\Lambda |
Λ |
\Mu |
Μ |
\Nu |
Ν |
\Xi |
Ξ |
O1 |
O |
\Pi |
Π |
\Rho |
Ρ |
\Sigma |
Σ |
\Tau |
Τ |
\Upsilon |
Υ |
\Phi |
Φ |
\Chi |
Χ |
\Psi |
Ψ |
\Omega |
Ω |
小写希腊字母
|
\alpha |
α |
\beta |
β |
\gamma |
γ |
\delta |
δ |
\epsilon |
ε |
\zeta |
ζ |
\eta |
η |
\theta |
θ |
\iota |
ι |
\kappa |
κ |
\lambda |
λ |
\mu |
μ |
\nu |
ν |
\xi |
ξ |
o1 |
o |
\pi |
π |
\rho |
ρ |
\sigma |
σ |
\tau |
τ |
\upsilon |
υ |
\phi |
φ |
\chi |
χ |
\psi |
ψ |
\omega |
ω |
特殊希腊字母2
|
\varepsilon |
 |
\digamma |
 |
\vartheta |
 |
\varkappa |
 |
\varpi |
 |
\varrho |
 |
\varsigma |
 |
\varphi |
 |
备注:
- 希腊字母Ο(Omicron)与拉丁字母O外形相同,故直接使用拉丁字母
O
和o
而不是语法\Omicron
和\omicrion
显示希腊字母Omicron。
- 斜体小写希腊字母一般用于在方程中显示变量。
[编辑] 黑板粗体
- 语法
\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
- 效果

黑板粗体(Blackboard bold)一般用于表示数学和物理学中的向量或集合的符号。
备注:
- 花括号{}中只有使用大写字母才能正常显示,使用小写字母或数字会得到其他符号。
[编辑] 正粗体
- 语法
\mathbf{012…abc…ABC…}
- 效果



- 备注
- 花括号{}内只能使用拉丁字母和数字,不能使用希腊字母如\alpha等。
[编辑] 斜粗体
- 语法
\boldsymbol{012…abc…ABC…\alpha \beta \gamma…}
- 效果




- 备注
- 使用
\boldsymbol{}
可以加粗所有合法的符号。
[编辑] 斜体
- 语法
\mathit{012456789}
- 效果

- 备注
- 斜体语法仅对数字有效。
[编辑] 罗马体
- 语法
\mathrm{012…abc…ABC…} 或 \mbox{}
- 效果



- 备注
- 罗马体可以使用数字和字母。
[编辑] 哥特体
- 语法
\mathfrak{012…abc…ABC…}
- 效果



- 备注
- 哥特体可以使用数字和字母。
[编辑] 手写体
- 语法
\mathcal{ABC…}
- 效果

- 备注
- 手写体只可以使用大写字母。
[编辑] 希伯来字母
- 语法
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth
- 效果

[编辑] 括号
功能 |
语法 |
显示 |
不好看 |
( \frac{1}{2} ) |
 |
好一点 |
\left( \frac{1}{2} \right) |
 |
您可以使用\left和\right来显示不同的括号:
功能 |
语法 |
显示 |
圆括号,小括号 |
\left( \frac{a}{b} \right) |
 |
方括号,中括号 |
\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right] |
![\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right]](../../../math/8/5/8/8585c96f355f7e301fd5143bea32efaf.png) |
花括号,大括号 |
\left\{ \frac{a}{b} \right\} |
 |
角括号 |
\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle |
 |
单竖线,绝对值 |
\left| \frac{a}{b} \right| |
 |
双竖线,范 |
\left \| \frac{a}{b} \right \| |
 |
取整函数
(Floor function) |
\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor |
 |
取顶函数
(Ceiling function) |
\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil |
 |
斜线与反斜线 |
\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash |
 |
上下箭头 |
\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow |
 |
\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow |
 |
\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow |
 |
混合括号 |
\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right | |

 |
单左括号 |
\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right . |
 |
单右括号 |
\left . \frac{a}{b} \right \} |
 |
备注:
- 可以使用
\big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg
控制括号的大小,比如代码\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| \frac{a}{b} \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )
显示
![\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| x \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )](../../../math/f/8/0/f80b9eb2a1e1f977ce52db52d23ecc7a.png)
[编辑] 空格
注意TeX能够自动处理大多数的空格,但是您有时候需要自己来控制。
功能 |
语法 |
显示 |
备注 |
两个quad空格 |
a \qquad b |
 |
两个m的宽度 |
quad空格 |
a \quad b |
 |
一个m的宽度 |
大空格 |
a\ b |
 |
1/3m宽度 |
中等空格 |
a\;b |
 |
2/7m宽度 |
小空格 |
a\,b |
 |
1/6m宽度 |
没有空格 |
ab |
 |
|
紧贴 |
a\!b |
 |
缩进1/6m宽度 |
[编辑] 顏色
- 語法
\{\color{顏色名}表達式}
- 例子
{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x}\color{OliveGreen}1}

x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}}{2a}

[编辑] 外部鏈接