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Bradford Bulls - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bradford Bulls

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bradford Bulls
Full name Bradford Bulls Rugby League Football Club
Nick name(s) The Bulls
Emblem Black bull
Colours Amber, red, black and white
Founded 1861
Sport Rugby league
League Super League (Europe)
Ground Grattan Stadium
Capacity 27,000
Coach Flag of United Kingdom Steve McNamara
Captain Flag of United Kingdom Paul Deacon
Chairman Flag of United Kingdom Peter Hood
League Wins 1999, 2001, 2003 (3)
Grand Final Wins 1997, 2001, 2003, 2005 (5)
Challenge Cup Wins 1905-06, 1943-44, 1946-47, 1948-49, 2000, 2003 (6)
Official website www.bradfordbulls.co.uk

Bradford Bulls are a professional rugby league club based in the city of Bradford, England. They have been one of the success stories of the Super League, and are one of the biggest clubs in British rugby league. The team jersey is white with red, amber and black Hoops. The club plays its home games at Grattan Stadium which is located to the south of the city centre.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] 1863 - 1907: In the Beginning

The Bradford Rugby Club was formed in 1863. Park Avenue was established as their home ground in 1880. They achieved their first major success by winning the Yorkshire Cup in 1884.

In 1895, along with cross-town neighbours Manningham, Bradford were among 22 clubs to secede from the Rugby Football Union after a historic meeting at The George Hotel in Huddersfield, in response to a dispute over "broken time" payments to players. These 22 clubs formed the Northern Rugby Union. In 1903-4 Bradford finished level on points with Salford at the top of the league and then won the resulting play-off 5-0. Mannington ran into financial difficulties and despite a summer archery contest that generated enough money to ensure their survival, their members were persuaded to change to Association football. They were invited to join the Football League in 1903, in an attempt to introduce the soccer to the rugby-dominated region, and the newly renamed Bradford City AFC were voted into full membership of the Second Division without playing a game of soccer, having a team or being able to guarantee a ground.

There was also a demand for Association Football at Park Avenue, which played host to soccer matches as well as Northern Union games. The first game of Association Football played at Park Avenue is believed to have been between Blackburn Rovers and Blackburn Olympic F.C. and in 1895 a Bradford side beat a team from Moss Side, Manchester 4 -1 in front of 3,000 spectators.

In 1905-6 Bradford beat Salford 5-0 to win the Challenge Cup and were runners up in the Championship. The following season they win the Yorkshire Cup 8-5 against Hull Kingston Rovers.

With soccer already successful at Bradford City, a meeting was called of the club members on April 15th 1907 to decide the club's future. An initial vote appeared to favour continuing in the Northern Union, then opinion shifted towards rugby union but the Chairman, Mr Briggs, used his influence to swing the committee behind Association football. This act, sometimes referred to as "The Great Betrayal", led to Bradford becoming a soccer club, Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. and a new team Bradford Northern was created to take their place in the Northern Union.

[edit] Bradford Northern

In 1933 Bradford Northern signed a ten-year lease with Bradford council for a former quarry being used as a waste dump at Odsal Top. It was turned into the biggest stadium outside Wembley. Bradford Northern played their first match there on September 1st 1934.

Success came in the 1940s with a number of cup wins. They won the Yorkshire cup in 1940-1, 1942-3, 1944-5, 1945-6, 1948-9 and 1949-50 and the Challenge cup 1943-4, 1946-7 and 1948-9. There was no championship played between 1939-45 due to World War II, yet they were unable to win either before the war or after despite being runners up in 1942-3 and 1947-8.

The 1947-8 final was notable as it was the first rugby league match to be attended by the reigning monarch, King George VI, who presented the trophy. It was also the first televised rugby league match as it was broadcast to the Midlands. Unfortunately for Bradford, they lost 8-3 to Wigan.

The 1949 Challenge Cup final was sold out for first time as 95,050 spectators saw Bradford beat Halifax.

In 1951-2 Bradford were runners up in the league but beat New Zealand at Odsal in the first floodlit football match of any code in the North of England. In 1953, a crowd of 69,429 watched Bradford play Huddersfield in the Challenge Cup third round. This was Northern’s highest ever attendance. They also won the Yorkshire Cup final 7-2 against Hull.

Bradford Northern and Leigh were the first rugby league clubs to stage matches on a Sunday in December 1954, although there was opposition from the Sunday Observance lobby.

Bradford Northern disbanded after playing, which were then declared null and void. Then after attracting a record low crowd of 324 against Barrow, Northern went out of business on 10th December 1963. They had played just 13 matches; winning 1 and losing 12, scoring 109 points and conceding 284.

In 1964, the Bradford Northern club reformed through the efforts of such people as Trevor Foster and Joe Phillips. They were accepted back into the Rugby League. They won their first cup after reformation in 1965-66 by beating Hunslet 17-8 in the final of the Yorkshire Cup.

In 1972-3 Bradford lost the Challenge Cup final against Featherstone 33-14. In 1973-4 Bradford won the Second Division Championship and were promoted back to the First Division. During this season Keith Mumby made his debut, becoming the Bradford's youngest player at only 16 years of age, scoring 12 goals and a try in a match against Doncaster. He went on to make a record 576 appearances for the club. In 1974-75 Bradford won the Regal Trophy 3-2 against Widnes.

Peter Fox joined Bradford as coach for the first time in 1977-78. Bradford won the Premiership final 17-8 against Widnes. They were also Championship runners-up. In 1978-79 Bradford appeared in another Premiership final but this time lost 24-2 to Leeds. A year later Bradford won the Championship and Regal Trophy. Peter Fox won the award for Coach of the Year. They won the Championship again in 1980-81.

In 1981-82 Bradford lost the Yorkshire Cup final 18-7 against Castleford and lost again in 1982-83, this time 18-7 against Hull. Keith Mumby won the award for First Division Player of the Year while Brian Noble won the Young Player award.

In 1985 Ellery Hanley left Northern to join Wigan for a then record transfer deal, worth £80,000 and a player exchange involving Steve Donlan and Phil Ford.

In 1987-8 Bradford won the Yorkshire Cup final replay against Castleford 11-2 after drawing 12-12. In 1989-90 Bradford beat Featherstone 20-14 in the Yorkshire Cup final. Bradford lost the Regal Trophy against Warrington 12-2 in 1990-91. In 1993-4, the last Championship before Super League, Bradford finished as runners up behind Wigan on points difference.

[edit] The Super League era - 1996

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points

In April 1995, the Rugby League announced the formation of the European Super League. The Super League consisted of 10 clubs from the existing First Division (including Bradford Bulls) plus London Broncos from the Second Division, and new club Paris St Germain.

The club's name was changed from Bradford Northern to Bradford Bulls and a new logo was adopted,(New Logo Below) (Old Bradford Northern logo to the right).Australian Brian Smith was appointed coach and later Chief Executive. Bradford lost the 1996 Challenge Cup final 40-32 to St Helens. Robbie Paul won the Lance Todd Trophy and Super League Player of the Year. In September 1996, Brian Smith decided to return to Australia as coach of Parramatta Eels and assistant coach Matthew Elliot took over. Bradford Bulls finished the season as the best supported team in Super League with an average attendance in excess of 10,000.

[edit] We Are The Champions!- 1997

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points

Bradford won the 1997 Super League title with a record run of 20 successive victories from the start of the season. They were also Challenge Cup runners-up for a second season, losing 32-22 to St Helens. James Lowes was the Super League Player of the Season while Matthew Elliot was chosen as Super League Coach of the Season. Bradford were once again the best supported club, with an average of over 15,000.

[edit] On the Road - 1998

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points

In 1998, as part of rugby league's "on the road" scheme the Bradford Bulls played London Broncos at Tynecastle in Edinburgh in front of over 7,000 fans. 1998 was a disappointing season for Bradford, finishing fifth in Super League. They remained the best-supported club, however, with an average attendance in excess of 13,000. Leon Pryce beat Keith Mumby's record in becoming the youngest player ever to appear for the club.

[edit] So close - 1999

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points

In 1999 Bradford signed New Zealand international Henry Paul from Wigan Warriors who linked up with brother Robbie Paul for the first time at professional club level. The club achieved record season ticket sales, and set a new scoring record as the Bulls thrashed Workington Town 92-0 in the fourth round of the Challenge Cup at Odsal. Bulls won a Minor Premiership in Super League IV; staying undefeated at Odsal. The final home game saw the Bulls smash the Super League attendance record with 24,020 fans watching the 19-18 defeat of Leeds Rhinos. A rugby league record 50,717 fans at Old Trafford saw the Bulls lose the Grand Final 8-6 to St Helens. Henry Paul won the Harry Sunderland Trophy as man of the match.

[edit] The Millennium

[edit] Flower Of Scotland - 2000

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points

The Bulls won the 2000 Challenge Cup with a 24-18 against local rivals Leeds Rhinos. Henry Paul wins the Lance Todd Trophy as man of the match. The match took place at the Scottish Rugby Union's Murrayfield Stadium, the first time that the final had been held in Scotland.

[edit] Glory Days- 2001

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points

Brian Noble was appointed Bradford head coach in 2001. In 2001, the Bulls took up residence at Valley Parade, the home of Bradford City AFC, to allow for the redevelopment of Odsal Stadium. They reached the Challenge Cup final held at Twickenham, but suffered a 13-6 defeat to St Helens. On 3rd May in a home match against Warrington, Henry Paul set a new World Record for consecutive goal kicks (35). The Bulls finished the regular season as Minor Premiers and on 13th October at Old Trafford, a new Super League Grand Final record attendance of 60,164 turned up and the Bulls crushed Wigan Warriors 37-6 to claim the title. Michael Withers scored a hat-trick of tries and was awarded the Harry Sunderland Trophy as Man of the Match.

[edit] World beaters- 2002

Position Pld Won Drew Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points
3rd of (of 12) 30 0 24 6 956 564 392 48

The Bulls were crowned World Club Champions on 1st February 2002 after defeating Australian Premiers Newcastle Knights 41-26 in front of a crowd of 21,113 at Huddersfield's McAlpine Stadium. James Lowes was named as Man of the Match and Paul Deacon kicked eight goals from nine attempts plus a drop goal for a total of 17 points in the match, an individual scoring record for this competition. Bradford lost the Super League Grand Final 19-18 to St Helens in the last minute of the game.

[edit] Tre-BULL Champions - 2003

Position Pld Won Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points
1st of (of 12) 30 24 6 933 555 378 48

The first match played following their return to Odsal was against Yorkshire rivals Wakefield Trinity Wildcats on Sunday 9th March 2003 and attracted an attendance of 20,283. Bradford Bulls won the game 22-10.

Bradford Bulls became the first club to win the Challenge Cup and Super League Grand Final in the same season in 2003. They travelled to Cardiff to beat the Leeds Rhinos at the Millennium Stadium 22-20 in front of 71,212 fans, then went on to lift the League Leaders Shield for finishing top of the Super League after 28 rounds, before defeating Leeds Rhinos again, for the fifth time in the season, in the Qualifying Semi Final play-off to reach the Tetley's Rugby Super League Grand Final. The Bulls claimed the Super League title with victory over Wigan Warriors before a record, sell-out crowd of 65,537 at Old Trafford, Manchester.


[edit] World Champions - 2004

Position Pld Won Draw Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points
2nd of (of 12) 28 20 1 7 918 555 353 41

Bradford Bulls regained the World Club Challenge in 2004 by beating the NRL champions Penrith Panthers 22–4 at the McAlpine Stadium in Huddersfield. They also beat Leeds Rhinos in the play-offs to reach the Grand Final, only to meet their arch-rivals two weeks later at Old Trafford in front of a record grand final crowd of 67,000. This time Bradford were beaten by Leeds 16–8. 2004 was also a superb year for the ‘The Volcano’ Lesley Vainikolo as he smashed the Super League try scoring record with a total of 37 tries from 26 appearances. This achievement started in the first round of the regular Super League season as he crossed the try line on five separate occasions against Wigan Warriors to equal the record for the total number of tries in a Super League game.

[edit] History Makers - 2005

Position Pld Won Draw Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points
3rd of (of 12) 28 18 1 9 1038 684 354 37

After a difficult start to the 2005 season, The Bulls went on a 13 match unbeaten run and managed to win the Super League title from third place by beating Leeds Rhinos at Old Trafford.

[edit] New Era - 2006

Position Pld Won Draw Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points
4th of (of 12) 28 16 2 10 802 568 234 32


The Bulls started the 2006 season by beating Wests Tigers 30-10 in the World Club Challenge Match at the Galpharm Stadium. This was their third such win in four years. Coach Brian Noble left Bradford to coach relegation threatened Wigan Warriors on 20th April 2006, Steve McNamara took over as head coach. Stuart Fielden followed Noble in moving to Wigan for a record fee of £450,000. McNamara's finest hour so far may have been the 20-18 defeat of St Helens at Odsal in June, which proved to be Fielden's last match for the Bulls.

Bradford Bulls didn't reach the Grand Final for the 1st time in 6 years, they went out to Hull FC in the Final Eliminator.

[edit] Centenary Season - 2007

Position Pld Won Draw Lost Points For Points Against Points Differential Points
27

In 2007, Bradford Northern/Bulls are celebrating 100 years of Rugby League in the City.

Their season has begun successfully with 5 wins from their opening 7 matches which leaves the Bulls currently top of the Engage Super League on points difference.

Their Carnegie Challenge Cup campaign will begin with a home tie against National League side Castleford Tigers in the 4th Round - the match is scheduled for Friday 30th March. Which Bradford won 24-16

In May Bradford play Leeds Rhinos at Cardiff as part of a speacial weekend invloving al 12 super league clubs.

[edit] 2007 Squad

As of Round 7, 29th March, 2007:

Number Player Position Previous Club App Tries Goals DG Points
1 Flag of United Kingdom Marcus St Hilaire Full Back Huddersfield Giants 5 1 0 0 4
2 Flag of United Kingdom Nathan McAvoy Centre Wigan Warriors 6 0 0 0 0
3 Flag of Australia Ben Harris Centre Canterbury Bulldogs 7 0 0 0 0
4 Flag of New Zealand Shontayne Hape Centre New Zealand Warriors 7 5 0 0 20
5 Flag of New Zealand Lesley Vainikolo Winger Canberra Raiders 7 5 0 0 20
6 Flag of United Kingdom Iestyn Harris Stand Off Cardiff Blues RU 6 1 0 0 0
7 Flag of United Kingdom Paul Deacon (c) Scrum Half OldhamRL 7 1 35 0 74
8 Flag of New Zealand Joe Vagana Prop New Zealand Warriors 7 0 0 0 0
9 Flag of United Kingdom Terry Newton Hooker Wigan Warriors 5 1 0 0 4
10 Flag of United Kingdom Andy Lynch Prop Castleford Tigers 5 0 0 0 0
11 Flag of Australia Chris McKenna Second Rower Leeds Rhinos 4 2 0 0 8
12 Flag of Australia Glenn Morrison Second Rower Parramatta Eels 7 5 0 0 20
13 Flag of United Kingdom Jamie Langley Loose Forward Bradford Bulls Academy 6 2 0 0 12
14 Flag of United Kingdom Chris Feather Front Row Leeds Rhinos 7 0 0 0 0
15 Flag of United Kingdom Matt Cook Centre Bradford Bulls Academy 3 0 0 0 0
16 Flag of United Kingdom Ian Henderson Hooker Parramatta Eels 6 1 0 0 4
17 Flag of United Kingdom James Evans Centre Wakefield Trinity Wildcats 4 3 0 0 12
18 Flag of United Kingdom Sam Burgess Loose Forward Bradford Bulls Academy 6 0 0 0 0
19 Flag of United Kingdom Michael Platt Full Back Castleford Tigers 7 8 0 0 32
22 Flag of United Kingdom Craig Kopczak Prop Bradford Bulls Academy 0 0 0 0 0
23 Flag of United Kingdom Matt James Prop Bradford Bulls Academy 0 0 0 0 0
24 Flag of United Kingdom Dave Halley Wing Bradford Bulls Academy 0 0 0 0 0
25 Flag of United Kingdom Jason Crookes Loose Forward Bradford Bulls Academy 0 0 0 0 0
26 Flag of New Zealand David Solomona Second Row Wakefield Trinity Wildcats 7 3 0 0 12
Flag of United Kingdom Luke Helliwell Loose Forward/ Stand Off Bradford Bulls Academy 0 0 0 0 0
Flag of United Kingdom Richard Hawkyard Scrum Half / Stand Off Bradford Bulls Academy 0 0 0 0 0

[edit] Possible 2007 Run on Team

Bradford Bulls Possible 2007 Starting Team
Image:Newsh.jpg
Bradford Bulls Shirt 2007

Replacements

NB: Team is subject to change at any given time, most common line-up is shown

[edit] 2007 Fixtures and Results

[edit] 2007 Engage Super League Fixtures/Results

Rd Home Team Score Away Team
1 Bradford 18-14 Huddersfield Giants
2 Warrington Wolves 20-36 Bradford
3 Bradford 32-28 Wigan Warriors
4 St. Helens 34-22 Bradford
5 Bradford 56-18 Salford City Reds
6 Harlequins Rugby League 22-36 Bradford
7 Bradford 22-29 Catalans Dragons
8 Bradford Leeds Rhinos
9 Wakefield Trinity Wildcats Bradford
10 Bradford Hull Kingston Rovers
11 Hull F.C. Bradford
12 Bradford Warrington Wolves
13 Bradford Leeds Rhinos
14 Huddersfield Giants Bradford
15 Bradford Harlequins Rugby League
16 Catalans Dragons Bradford
17 Bradford Hull F.C.
18 Leeds Rhinos Bradford
19 Wigan Warriors Bradford
20 Bradford St. Helens
21 Salford City Reds Bradford
22 Bradford Wakefield Trinity Wildcats
23 Hull Kingston Rovers Bradford
24 Huddersfield Giants Bradford
25 Bradford Leeds Rhinos
26 Bradford Catalans Dragons
27 Hull F.C. Bradford

[edit] 2007 Engage Super League Play Offs Fixtures/Results

Rd Home Team Score Away Team

[edit] 2007 Carnegie Challenge Cup Fixtures/Results

Rd Home Team Score Away Team
4 Bradford 24-16 Castleford Tigers
5 Bradford

[edit] Notable Players

[edit] Team of All-Time

Number Players
Fullback Flag of United KingdomKeith Mumby
Wing Flag of New ZealandJack McLean
Centre Flag of United KingdomErnest Ward
Centre Flag of United Kingdom Paul Newlove
Wing Flag of United KingdomEric Batten
Five-Eighth Flag of United KingdomWillie Davies
Halfback Flag of United Kingdom Tommy Smales
Prop Flag of United KingdomFrank Whitcombe
Hooker James Lowes
Prop Flag of United KingdomJimmy Thompson
Second Row Flag of United KingdomTrevor Foster
Second Row Flag of United KingdomJeff Grayshon
Lock Flag of United KingdomEllery Hanley
Interchange Flag of New ZealandRobbie Paul
Interchange Flag of New ZealandHenry Paul
Interchange Flag of United KingdomKarl Fairbank
Interchange Flag of United KingdomKen Traill

[edit] Captains

Name Started Ended Notes
Flag of New Zealand Robbie Paul 1996 2004 Peacock took captaincy
Flag of United Kingdom Jamie Peacock 2005 2005 Moved to Leeds Rhinos
Flag of United Kingdom Iestyn Harris 2006 2006 Deacon took captaincy
Flag of United Kingdom Paul Deacon 2007 Present N/A

[edit] Coaching Register

Name Contract Started Contract Ended Notes
Flag of United Kingdom David Hobbs 1990 1993 Sacked
Flag of United Kingdom Peter Fox 1993 1995 Sacked
Flag of Australia Brian Smith 1995 1996 Moved to Parramatta Eels
Flag of Australia Matthew Elliott 1996 2000 Moved to Canberra Raiders
Flag of United Kingdom Brian Noble 2001 2006 Moved to Wigan Warriors
Flag of United Kingdom Steve McNamara 2006 N/A

[edit] Club Officials

Board of directors:

Bradford Bulls Coaching Staff:

Medical staff:

[edit] Titles

World Club Challenge

  • 2002, 2004, 2006 (3 times)

Championship

  • (including Super League): 1903-04, 1979-80, 1980-81, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2005(7 times)

Minor Premiers

  • 1999, 2001, 2003

Grand Finalists

  • 1999, 2002, 2004

Challenge Cup

  • 1905-06, 1943-44, 1946-47, 1948-49, 2000, 2003(6 times)

Beaten Finalists

  • 1897-98, 1944-45, 1947-48, 1972-73, 1996, 1997, 2001

Premiership

  • 1977-78

Yorkshire Cup

  • 1906-07, 1940-41, 1941-42, 1943-44, 1945-46, 1948-49, 1949-50, 1953-54, 1965-66, 1978-79, 1987-88, 1989-90 (12 times)

Yorkshire League

  • 1899-1900, 1900-01, 1939-40, 1940-41, 1947-48 (5 times)

Regal Trophy

  • 1974-75, 1979-80 (2 times)

Second Division

  • 1973-74

Middlesex 7s

  • 2002

[edit] Trivia

  • First and only Team to Win Super League from 3rd Place
  • First and only Team to Appear in Five Consecutive Super League Grand Finals
  • Record 20 Super League Matches Unbeaten- (First 20 in 1997)
  • They were the last team to play London Broncos before the club from the Capital changed its name to Harlequins Rugby League

[edit] Official Mascots

[edit] External links

Bradford Bulls
The Club|Coaching Staff|Players|Academy
Former Players | Representative Players
Honours|History|All Time Records
Grattan Stadium|Mascots
Super League Honours|Super League Records



Super League (Europe)

Bradford Bulls | Catalans Dragons | Harlequins Rugby League | Huddersfield Giants
Hull FC | Hull Kingston Rovers | Leeds Rhinos | Salford City Reds
St Helens RFC | Wakefield Trinity Wildcats | Warrington Wolves | Wigan Warriors


Rugby league in Britain and Ireland

Competitions
Super League | National League | Challenge Cup | North West Counties | Pennine League
National League Cup | National Conference League | Rugby League Conference | Scotland Rugby League | Midlands Merit League

National teams
Great Britain | England | Ireland | Scotland | Wales

Federations
RFL | BARLA | Rugby League Ireland | Wales Rugby League

Former competitions
Championship | Premiership | Lancs/Yorks Cups | Lancs/Yorks League
Regal Trophy | Charity Shield | BBC2 Floodlit Trophy

In other languages

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu