Camden, New Jersey

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City of Camden, New Jersey
Map of Camden in Camden County
Coordinates: 39°56′14″N, 74°06′22″W
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Camden County
Settled	1626
Incorporated	1828
Government
- Mayor	Gwendolyn Faison
Area
- City	10.4 sq mi (26.9 km²)
- Land	8.8 sq mi (22.8 km²)
- Water	1.6 sq mi (4.0 km²)
Elevation	20 ft (6 m)
Population (2000)
- City	79,904
- Density	9,057.0/sq mi (3,497.9/km²)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
Website: http://www.ci.camden.nj.us/

The City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey in the United States. It is located just across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 79,904.

Camden was originally incorporated as a city on February 13, 1828, from portions of the now-defunct Newton Township, while the area was still part of Gloucester County. On March 13, 1844, Camden became part of the newly-formed Camden County.^[1]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history 1.2 1800s onward 2 Industrial History 3 Port of Camden 4 High crime rate 5 Government 5.1 Local government 5.2 Federal, state and county representation 6 Geography 7 Demographics 8 Transportation 9 Camden Waterfront 10 Education 11 Sports 12 Additional facts 13 Noted residents 14 References 15 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Early history

Fort Nassau (located within the present boundaries of nearby Gloucester City, New Jersey), was built by the Dutch West India Company in 1626, and was the first European attempt to settle the area now occupied by Camden. Initial European activity in the vicinity of present day Camden occurred along the banks of the Delaware River where the Dutch and the Swedish vied for control of the local fur trade. Europeans continued to settle in and improve the area during the seventeenth century. Much of the growth directly resulted from the success of another Quaker colony across the Delaware River known as Philadelphia, which was founded in 1682 and soon had enough population to attract a brisk trade from West Jersey and Camden. To accommodate the trade across the river, a string of ferries began operation.^[2]

[edit] 1800s onward

For over 150 years, Camden served as a secondary economic and transportation hub for the Philadelphia area. But that status began to change in the early 1800s. One of the United States' first railroads, the Camden and Amboy Railroad, was chartered in Camden in 1830. The Camden and Amboy Railroad allowed travelers to travel between New York City and Philadelphia via ferry terminals in South Amboy, New Jersey and Camden. The railroad terminated on the Camden waterfront, and passengers were ferried across the Delaware River to their final Philadelphia destination. The Camden and Amboy Railroad opened in 1834 and helped to spur an increase in population and commerce in Camden.^[3]

Originally a suburban town with ferry service to Philadelphia, Camden evolved into its own city, as industry and neighborhoods grew. Camden prospered during strong periods of manufacturing demand and faced distress during periods of economic dislocation. [1]

Like most American cities, Camden suffered from decline in the 20th Century as the manufacturing base and many residents moved out to other locations. Currently, government, education, and health care are the three biggest employers in Camden; however, most employees commute to Camden and live in nearby suburbs such as Cherry Hill. Revitalization has occurred along the Camden Waterfront and in certain neighborhoods with access to Philadelphia.

[edit] Industrial History

From 1901 through 1929, Camden was headquarters of the Victor Talking Machine Company, and thereafter to its successor RCA Victor, the world's largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records for the first two-thirds of the 20th century. RCA Victor contained one of the first commercial recording studios in the United States, where Enrico Caruso, among others, recorded. The RCA plant was also the site where the first color television was manufactured. The General Electric Company acquired RCA in 1986. In 1992, the State of New Jersey under the Florio Administration made an agreement with GE to ensure that GE would not close the Camden site. The state of New Jersey would build a new high tech facility on the site of the old Campbell Soup factory and trade these new buildings to GE for the existing old RCA-Victor Buildings. Later, the new high tech buildings would be sold to Martin Marietta. In 1994, Martin Marietta merged with Lockheed to become Lockheed Martin. In 1997, Lockheed Martin divested the Camden Plant as part of the birth of L-3 Communications. The famous "Nipper Building" depicting RCA's famous "His Master's Voice" trademark in its tower windows has since been renovated into a luxury apartment building called "The Victor." Building 8 is set to be rehabilitated into luxury condominiums called "Radio Lofts." Both projects are the work of Dranoff Properties, a well known Philadelphia development corporation that has specialized in these types of gentrifications. Another older building, Victor Building No. 2, is used to this day to house the Camden City Department of Education.

From 1899 to 1967, Camden was the home of New York Shipbuilding Corporation, which at its World War II peak was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world. Notable naval vessels built at New York Ship include the ill-fated cruiser USS Indianapolis and the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. In 1962, the first commercial nuclear-powered ship, the NS Savannah, was launched in Camden^[4]. The Fairview section of Camden was a planned European-style garden village built by the Federal government during World War I to house New York Shipbuilding Corporation workers.

By 1969, Camden had been losing jobs and residents for a quarter century due in large part to urban decay, highway construction, and racial tensions.

[edit] Port of Camden

While rather minor in comparison to other East Coast United States ports, Camden does have port facilities that date back to 1834. The port is operated by the South Jersey Port Corporation, which was established as the port operator in 1928.

Situated on the Delaware River, with access to the Atlantic Ocean, the Port of Camden handles breakbulk and bulk cargo. The port consists of two terminals: the Beckett Street Terminal and the Broadway Terminal (commonly known as the Port of Camden). The port receives hundreds of ships moving international and domestic cargo annually. [2]

In 2005, the Port of Camden was subject to a criminal investigation^[5] and a state audit.^[6]

In December 2006, Governor Jon S. Corzine speculated on moving port operations further south to allow the community greater access to the waterfront.^[7]

[edit] High crime rate

Based on statistics reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Camden was the third-most dangerous city in the United States during 2002, and has been ranked the nation's most dangerous city in 2004 and 2005 [3]. "Most dangerous city" is based on crime statistics in six categories: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, and auto theft.

City Councilman Ali Sloan-El, responding to 2004 news about the 2003 statistics, cites Camden's poverty as an important contributing factor to its high crime rate. The demographic data from the Census indicates about a third of the city's residents live below the poverty line.

However, in 2005, homicides in Camden dropped sharply, to 34 — fifteen fewer murders than were reported in 2004^[8]. Though Camden's murder rate is still much higher than the national average, the reduction in 2005 was a drop of over thirty percent.

Former mayor Milton Milan was infamous for his connections to organized crime. On June 15, 2001, Milan was sentenced to serve seven years in prison on 14 counts of corruption, including accepting mob payoffs and concealing a $65,000 loan from a drug kingpin.^[9].

In 2004, Camden was declared "America's Most Dangerous City" by the Morgan Quitno Corporation ^[10], up from third place in 2003 and topping the 354 cities studied. The city was named "Most Dangerous" again in 2005 out of 369 cities ranked nationwide^[11], with Detroit, Michigan and St. Louis, Missouri in second and third place respectively. In the 2006 survey, Camden dropped down to the fifth spot — behind St. Louis, Detroit, Flint, Michigan and Compton, California — out of 371 cities included nationwide in the 13th annual Morgan Quitno survey.^[12]

Riverfront State Prison is located in Camden, immediately adjacent to the ballpark on the north side of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge.

[edit] Government

Camden has historically been a stronghold of the Democratic Party. Voter turnout is very low; approximately 19% of Camden's voting age population participated in the 2005 gubernatorial election^[13].

[edit] Local government

Since July 1, 1961, the City has operated under a Mayor-Council form of government. Under this form of government, the City Council consisted of seven Council members originally all elected at-large. In 1994, the City opted to modify the form of government to better address the changing needs of the citizenry. To that end, the City of Camden was divided into four councilman districts, instead of electing the entire Council at-large. One Council member was elected from each of the four districts. In 1995, the election was changed from a partisan election to a non-partisan Municipal Election.

Gwendolyn Faison is the Mayor of Camden.

Members of the City Council include:

• Angel Fuentes - City Council President and Ward 4
• Dana Redd - Vice President and Council Member At Large
• Curtis Jenkins - Council Member At Large
• Michael McGuire - Ward 1
• Francisco "Frank" Moran - Ward 3
• Gilbert "Whip" Wilson - Council Member At Large
• Ali Sloan-El, Sr. - Ward 2 (resigned August 30, 2006).^[14]

Although not publicly elected, George Norcross III is the current political boss for the Democratic Party of Camden County, New Jersey.

[edit] Federal, state and county representation

Camden is in the First Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 5th Legislative District^[15].

New Jersey's First Congressional District, covering portions of Burlington County, Camden County and Gloucester County, is represented by Rob Andrews (D, Haddon Heights). New Jersey is represented in the Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).

The 5th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Wayne R. Bryant (D, Camden) and in the Assembly by Nilsa Cruz-Perez (D, Camden) and Joseph J. Roberts (D, Brooklawn). The Governor of New Jersey is Jon Corzine (D, Hoboken).

Camden County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders. Camden County's Freeholders are: Louis Cappelli, Jr (Freeholder Director), Edward McDonnell (Freeholder Deputy Director), Riletta L. Cream, Jeffrey L. Nash, Joseph Ripa, Carmen Rodriguez, and Rodney Greco.

[edit] Geography

Camden is located at 39°56'14" North, 75°6'22" West (39.937195, -75.106186)^GR1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.9 km² (10.4 mi²). 22.8 km² (8.8 mi²) of it is land and 4.0 km² (1.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 15.03% water.

Camden borders Collingswood, Gloucester City, Haddon Township, Pennsauken, and Woodlynne.

Camden contains the U.S.'s first federally funded planned community, Yorkship Village (now called Fairview). The village was designed by Electus Darwin Litchfield, who was influenced by the "garden city" developments popular in England at the time^[16].

[edit] Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1840	3,371		–
1850	9,479		181.2%
1860	14,358		51.5%
1870	20,045		39.6%
1880	41,659		107.8%
1890	58,313		40.0%
1900	75,935		30.2%
1910	94,538		24.5%
1920	116,309		23.0%
1930	118,700		2.1%
1940	117,536		-1.0%
1950	124,555		6.0%
1960	117,159		-5.9%
1970	102,551		-12.5%
1980	84,910		-17.2%
1990	87,492		3.0%
2000	79,904		-8.7%
Est. 2005	80,010	[17]	0.1%
historical data sources: [18][19][20]

As of the census^GR2 of 2000 [4], there were 79,904 people, 24,177 households, and 17,431 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,497.9/km² (9,057.0/mi²). There were 29,769 housing units at an average density of 1,303.2/km² (3,374.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 16.84% White, 53.35% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 2.45% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 22.83% from other races, and 3.92% from two or more races. 38.82% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 8.9% are foreign-born.

There were 24,177 households out of which 42.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.1% were married couples living together, 37.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was 3.62.

In the city the population is quite young with 34.6% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The per capita income for the city was $9,815. 35.5% of the population and 32.8% of families were below the poverty line. 45.5% of those under the age of 18 and 23.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Based on 2006 data from the United States Census Bureau, 44% of the city's residents live in poverty, the highest rate in the nation. The city had a median household income of $18,007, the lowest of all U.S. communities with populations of more than 65,000 residents, making it America's poorest city.^[21]

In 2000, 28.85% of Camden residents identified themselves as being of Puerto Rican heritage. This was the third highest proportion of Puerto Ricans in a municipality on the United States mainland, behind only Holyoke, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut, for all communities in which 1,000 or more people listed an ancestry group^[22].

An extensive repository of data on the City of Camden is available at http://www.camconnect.org, a local Camden-based data warehouse. The website includes information on health, housing, education, public safety, and municipal finances. Many public documents have been archived for easy access as well.

[edit] Transportation

New Jersey Transit's Walter Rand Transportation Center is located at Martin Luther King Boulevard and Broadway. Besides being a major hub for New Jersey Transit buses and Greyhound Lines, the Walter Rand Transportation Center is also a PATCO high-speed line and River Line light rail station.

The PATCO high-speed line offers frequent train service to Philadelphia and the suburbs to the east in Camden County.

New Jersey Transit's River Line offers frequent light rail service to towns along the Delaware north of Camden, and terminates in Trenton.

Interstate 676 runs through Camden to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge on the north side of the city.

[edit] Camden Waterfront

One of the most popular attractions of Camden is the city's waterfront, along the Delaware River. The waterfront is highlighted by its four main attractions, the USS New Jersey; the Tweeter Center; Campbell's Field; and the Adventure Aquarium.

The Adventure Aquarium was originally opened in 1992 as the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden. In 2005 after extensive renovation the aquarium was reopened under the name Adventure Aquarium. The aquarium was one of the original centerpieces in Camden's plans for revitalizing their city.

The Tweeter Center is a 25,000 seat open air concert amphitheater that was opened in 1995. The Tweeter is widely considered one of the best amphitheaters in the country for sound^{[citation needed]}, and is best-known for its extremely large lawn seating area. The Tweeter is the most popular spot for touring artists to perform during the summertime in the Delaware Valley. The Tweeter is also known for its view of Center City, Philadelphia.

Campbell's Field, opened in 2001, is home the Camden Riversharks Minor League Baseball team, of the Atlantic League; and the Rutgers-Camden baseball team. The stadium is considered by many ballpark enthusiasts as having one of the best outfield views in all of baseball, as the entire Ben Franklin Bridge can be seen beyond its walls.

The USS New Jersey was a United States Navy battleship that was active between the years 1943 and 1991. After its retirement the ship was turned into a museum along the Waterfront that opened in 2001. The New Jersey saw action in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

Other attractions at the Waterfront are the Wiggins Park Riverstage and Marina, One Port Center, The Victor Lofts, the Walt Whitman House, the Walt Whitman Cultural Arts Center, the Rutgers-Camden Center For The Arts and the Camden Children's Garden.

The Waterfront is also served by two modes of public transportation. New Jersey Transit services the Waterfront on its River Line, while people from Philadelphia can commute using the RiverLink Ferry, which connects the Waterfront with Old City Philadelphia.

[edit] Education

Camden's public schools are operated by Camden City Public Schools. Camden's school district is an Abbott District.

Rutgers University and Rowan University, both of which are public universities, maintain campuses in downtown Camden. Additionally, the city is home to one of Camden County College's three campuses.

[edit] Sports

Club	Sport	League	Venue	Logo
Camden Riversharks	Baseball	Atlantic League of Professional Baseball	Campbell's Field

[edit] Additional facts

• Camden is the place where the first drive-in theater opened, invented by Richard Hollingshead, on June 6, 1933.
• On September 6, 1949, mass murderer Howard Unruh went on a killing spree in his Camden neighborhood. Thirteen people died as a result. Unruh remains confined in a state psychiatric facility.
• The worst racial riots in the city's history occurred when a Puerto Rican motorist was beaten by city police and died in August 1971. Sections of downtown were looted and torched.
• In 1996, Governor of New Jersey Christine Todd Whitman frisked Sherron Rolax in Camden, which many alleged violated Rolax's civil rights.
• The city is mentioned by name in Fountains of Wayne's song, "Places".
• The Church of Scientology was founded in Camden.
• A group of poor Camden residents were the subject of a 20/20 special on poverty in America. Broadcast on January 26, 2007. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD1-ETBPTME

[edit] Noted residents

Some noted current and former residents:

• Rob Andrews (born August 4, 1957), member, U.S. House of Representatives, 1st Congressional District, New Jersey
• Pam Casale (born December 20, 1963), professional tennis player
• Russ Columbo (January 14, 1908 – September 2, 1934), singer, actor, composer.
• Martin Dillon (June 17, 1957 – August 21, 2005), musician, operatic tenor, and professor of music at Rutgers University in Camden.
• Andrea Dworkin (September 26, 1946 – April 9, 2005), author, activist.
• Lola Falana (born September 11, 1942), singer, dancer, actress.
• Bruce S. Gordon (born February 15, 1946), former president and CEO, NAACP.
• Leon Huff (born 1942), of the songwriting team Gamble and Huff.
• Jim Perry (born November 11, 1934), U.S. and Canadian television personality.
• Dwight Muhammad Qawi, a.k.a. Dwight Braxton (born January 5, 1953), boxer, former light heavyweight and cruiserweight champion.
• Marco Reginelli (1897-1956), underworld boss from Nepezzano, in the Province of Teramo Italy.
• Billy Thompson (born December 1, 1963), former professional basketball player.
• Tye Tribbett (born 1977?), gospel recording artist; founder of Tye Tribbett & G.A.
• Nick Virgilio, internationally recognized haiku poet.
• Dajuan Wagner (born February 4, 1983), professional basketball player.
• Milt Wagner (born February 20, 1963), former professional basketball player.
• John S. Watson (1924 – ca. July 9, 1996), an African-American politician
• Walt Whitman (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892), poet, essayist, journalist, born in New York, Whitman lived his later years in Camden and died in the city. His Camden home is a historical monument. Whitman is buried in Harleigh Cemetery on Haddon Avenue in Camden.
• Gary Williams (born March 4, 1945), current head coach of the University of Maryland's Men's Basketball team; he started his coaching career at Woodrow Wilson High School in Camden.
• Karen Zerby (born July 31, 1946), current leader of the Children of God, a new religious movement.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• City of Camden
• Camden City Public Schools
• Camden City Public Schools's 2005-06 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education
• National Center for Education Statistics data for the Camden City Public Schools
• Photographic Database of Camden, NJ
• Camden Waterfront - Entertainment Complex on Camden Waterfront Across From Philadelphia
• USS New Jersey Photos on board the Battleship New Jersey BB-62 in Camden, NJ
• CAMConnect: Linking Communities with Information
• About New Jersey - Camden NJ
• BJ Swartz's City of Camden page - Musings about Camden
• Camden, N.J., named most-dangerous city
• Fairview f.k.a. Yorkship Village - Camden's thriving southernmost neighborhood
• DVRBS - large site containing many vintage photographs and news clippings about Camden
• USGS DATA
• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 39.937195° -75.106186°
  • Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
  • Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA

v • d • e Municipalities of Camden County, New Jersey (County seat: Camden)
Boroughs	Audubon | Audubon Park | Barrington | Bellmawr | Berlin | Brooklawn | Chesilhurst | Clementon | Collingswood | Gibbsboro | Haddon Heights | Haddonfield | Hi-Nella | Laurel Springs | Lawnside | Lindenwold | Magnolia | Merchantville | Mount Ephraim | Oaklyn | Pine Hill | Pine Valley | Runnemede | Somerdale | Stratford | Tavistock | Woodlynne
Cities	Camden | Gloucester
Townships	Berlin | Cherry Hill | Gloucester | Haddon | Pennsauken | Voorhees | Waterford | Winslow
CDPs and other communities	Ashland | Barclay-Kingston | Blackwood | Cherry Hill Mall | Echelon | Erial | Erlton-Ellisburg | Glendora | Golden Triangle | Greentree | Sicklerville | Springdale

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Cities	Atlantic City | Bayonne | Camden | Cherry Hill | Clifton | East Orange | Edison | Elizabeth | Hackensack | Hoboken | Jersey City | Linden | Long Branch | New Brunswick | Newark | Passaic | Paterson | Perth Amboy | Plainfield | Princeton | Toms River | Trenton | Union City | Vineland
Counties	Atlantic | Bergen | Burlington | Camden | Cape May | Cumberland | Essex | Gloucester | Hudson | Hunterdon | Mercer | Middlesex | Monmouth | Morris | Ocean | Passaic | Salem | Somerset | Sussex | Union | Warren