Porco Rosso
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| Porco Rosso | |
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| Directed by | Hayao Miyazaki |
| Produced by | Toshio Suzuki |
| Written by | Hayao Miyazaki |
| Starring | Shûichirô Moriyama Tokiko Kato Akemi Okamura |
| Music by | Joe Hisaishi |
| Cinematography | Atsushi Okui |
| Editing by | Takeshi Seyama |
| Distributed by | Buena Vista Home Video |
| Release date(s) |  July 18, 1992 |
| Running time | 94 min. |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |
| All Movie Guide profile | |
| IMDb profile | |
Porco Rosso (紅の豚 Kurenai no Buta?, lit. "The Crimson Pig") is the seventh 1992 anime film by Hayao Miyazaki about an Italian World War I fighter ace, now living as a freelance bounty hunter chasing "air pirates" in the Adriatic Sea. The man has been cursed, and has the head of a pig. Once called Marco Pagot, he is now known to the world as "Porco Rosso", Italian for "Red Pig."
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[edit] Plot
The film tells the story of Porco's romance with Gina, who runs a pilots' club and hotel in the Adriatic (probably near the former Italian city of Fiume, today known as Rijeka in Croatia); his friendship with a young girl named Fio, who is a talented aircraft engineer; and his rivalry with a hotshot American pilot named Curtis. The origin and nature of Porco's curse is never fully explained, although the question does arise in the movie.
Originally a WW I ace pilot in the Italian Air Force, Porco grew disillusioned and left the military. He now makes his living as a bounty hunter taking jobs such as guarding ships from pirates with planes, and flies the skies of the Adriatic sea with peerless piloting skill. Though in a state of rivalry, Porco and the pirates manage to coexist with a minimum of bloodshed by abstaining from human casualties. For relaxation, he and other pilots spend their evenings on neutral ground at the Hotel Adriano, an establishment run by a young woman named Gina.
[edit] Synopsis
At the story's beginning, we see Porco in his flight suit, resting on a beach surrounded by cliffs. After he finishes negotiating the price of his service via telephone, he leisurely takes off in his red sea plane from his base on the beach of a tiny island to rescue a kidnapped group of young girls. Afterward, he flies to the Hotel Adriano for dinner and spends some time with Gina, one of Porco's closest childhood acquaintances and friends, and the owner of the only picture (albeit a defaced one) of Porco in human form. While at the hotel Porco also meets Curtis, a crack American pilot who is negotiating an employment contract with the pirates. It becomes clear during their conversation that Curtis is measuring Porco as a possible opponent.
Some time later, as Porco flies his plane into Milan for repairs, Curtis shoots him down. Curtis believes Porco to be dead, but Porco is in fact hiding on an island. Porco finishes his journey to Milan and has his plane repaired by Piccolo S.P.A., an aircraft design shop owned by an old mechanic and friend of Porco's. Because of the Great Depression, all men have left the town for work, and the company enlists the aid the owner's granddaughter, Fio, along with a work force consisting entirely of female relatives. Despite his initial misgivings, Porco comes to realize that Fio, despite her age and gender, is a competent mechanic and deserving of his respect. His plane is completed, and he and Fio fly off together, as the plane is still in its prototypic stages.
Meanwhile in the private garden of Gina's, Curtis invites her to a glamorous life back in America. Gina laughes and refuses (later telling him "love here is more complicated than in the USA"). Stung, he asks who she is waiting for, and Gina tells him she has bet with herself that Porco will one day come into her garden to take her away. Just then Porco's plane appears and circles Gina's garden, but Porco does not land.
Upon landing at his island hideaway, Porco discovers that it has been infiltrated by pirates. Fio talks them out of killing Porco or destroying his plane, and appeals to their honor as seaplane pilots to win popularity among the pirates. Curtis then reveals himself, and challenges Porco to a duel. The terms are then agreed upon; if Porco wins, Curtis will pay off his airplane repairs. If Curtis does, Fio will marry him.
Later that night, Fio wakes up and glimpses Porco in human form, but is not sure. She asks him to tell her a story. He tells her about a strange incident that happened to him during his years in the air force. In the last summer of the war, Porco saw his best friend and fellow fighter Belleni marry Gina. Straight after, they were back in the skies and attacked by an enemy squadron. Eventually, Porco realised he was the only member of his squadron left. He fled the fight, but was exhausted and struggling to operate the plane's controls. He later wakes up, finding that his plane has piloted itself into a cloud of startling brightness and purity, so that he imagines he is in heaven. Eventually emerging at the top of the cloud, he spots a white band high above him. The other pilots and their planes from the battle emerge around him and climb to the white band, which is revealed to be a procession of planes downed during battle. Belleni also climbs to the band, while Porco shouts that he must not leave Gina. Belleni, apparently deaf to Porco's cry, does not turn. Porco admits that this incident is a great source of guilt for him, and it is unclear as to whether this caused his transformation.
The next day, Porco and Curtis meet for the dogfight. The duel is held on a secluded island, organized by pirates, and heavily bet on by criminals and seaplane pilots alike. At the fight's beginning, Porco merely avoids Curtis, baiting him into wasting bullets. However, as the fight progresses, Curtis begins to understand the strategy and starts conserving his ammo. Porco outflies Curtis and gains the superior firing position by using the loop maneuver which made him top Ace of the Adriatic during the war, but he does not shoot at Curtis. Curtis thinks that his enemy's guns are jammed, but the real reason is revealed to Fio by one of the pirate bosses: Porco will not take a shot at an enemy if there is a risk of hitting the pilot, and so Porco will try to outmaneuver Curtis until he has a clear shot at the plane without endangering the pilot. Curtis taunts the pig that his guns are jammed, but is quickly shut up by a short burst of fire from the red seaplane. This is the start of a stalemate, with each pilot attempting to gain the advantage over the other.
Meanwhile, Gina has received a message from a friend that the Italian Air Force, who have an arrest warrant out for Porco, are rushing toward the fight, and she takes it upon herself to warn Porco.
Back at the fight, both pilots are extraordinarily tired, and beginning to fade. However, after some time, Porco finally has gained an angle for a clear shot at Curtis' engine, but is dismayed to find that his machine gun is jammed and he cannot do anything. Curtis sees this vulnerability, and attempts to shoot Porco as well; unfortunately, he is out of ammo. Both eventually settle on throwing debris from their planes at each other, until they land in the bay and the duel degenerates into a fistfight. Both are quickly exhausted, and eventually fall into the surf.
At this point Gina's plane arrives. She tells Porco to get up, and in doing so, he wins the fight and the duel. Gina then gives her warning to the island's inhabitants, who all promptly flee from the approaching authorities. Curtis respectfully holds up his end of the deal and pays Fio. As she leaves with Gina, she kisses Porco and he falls into the water, bowled over by the wake of Gina's plane. Porco tells Curtis that he is going to draw the Italian Air Force away from the others, and asks if Curtis wants to join him. Curtis agrees, and then exclaims, "Hey! Your face!" and demands that Porco give him a closer look, but Porco resolutely continues to walks towards his plane. It is implied that he has once again changed.
The film ends with voiceover narration by Fio describing the years that follow, in which she inherits the Piccolo company, Curtis becomes a Hollywood star, and the pirate pilots spend their old age reminiscing at Gina's club. She reveals that Porco "flew circles around the Italian Air Force", and remains at large. In reference to Gina's bet with herself regarding Porco, she says that it's "their secret". However, a red plane can be seen at the other end of Gina's island.
[edit] History and politics
Porco Rosso is one of the few movies directed by Hayao Miyazaki in which the historical and geographical settings are clearly defined, and where most of the story could have happened in the real world. Marco is a hero from the first World War and is shown fighting against Imperial Austro-Hungarian fighter planes in a flashback sequence.
The story clearly happens between the two World Wars. The Great Depression is referred to several times, which would place the story in the 1930s (but see below) although the fashion in women's clothing and the rise of fascism in Italy are more linked to the 1920s; the scenes in the Adriatic town suggest that the town is Rijeka, then called Fiume and under Italian control at that time, and the year about 1927. Since Italy, like many European countries, suffered severe economic hardship after the First World War, the economic crisis mentioned in the movie is probably the European 1920s post-war depression rather than the global 1930s one. However, the manga from which the movie was derived specifically states to take place in 1929 at an unspecified location in the general area of Rijeka/Fiume. The feature-length movie confirms this date in an early scene, Porco is seen napping with a magazine entitled Cinema with the date 1929 featured on the bottom of the cover.
Porco also makes statements about his being anti-fascist. Although his transformation into a pig is never fully explained, it is hinted that it is due to him leaving his country's air force (thus turning his back on his country) because of Italy turning toward fascism. One comment in particular was that he felt it better to be a pig than a fascist.
[edit] Marco's Transformation
There are some theories about Marco's transformation into a pig and back to human. One possible explanation is that he became a pig because he was disillusioned with humanity, and in fact he transforms after the air attack in which he loses his comrades.
Miyazaki has pointed out several times in his works (Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Howl's Moving Castle, Princess Mononoke) his position about war, describing how it merely brings death and destruction, causing people to become beasts. This metaphorical analogy is present throughout many of his films, including Porco Rosso.
Having lost faith in humanity, Porco finds in Fio pure innocence. Her efforts to protect him and his plane from the pirates may have allowed her the first glimpse of his lost humanity while he sorted bullets, so preoccupied he forgot his hatred of humanity. The relationship climaxes with the kiss and Porco's realisation that "there is still some hope for humans". He feels that this time he has won, and did not "make another girl unhappy". Even if for just a moment, he finally overcomes his self-hatred, but that feeling was only a momentary glimpse.
Director Miyazaki commented on Marco's transformation: "This film was made for middle-aged men who in their youth dreamed of a pure life, faithful to their principles, but who, little by little, are transformed into 'pigs' through the pressures of working like madmen. Despite their intention to reject merely mercenary goals, they are drawn into the world of hyper-consumerism, and when they look for the purpose of their lives, they feel themselves alienated...these men live in solitude and regret."[citation needed]
[edit] Notes
The film was first planned as a short in-flight movie for Japan Airlines based on Hayao Miyazaki's manga The Age of the Flying Boat, but grew into a feature-length film. The outbreak of war in Yugoslavia cast a shadow over production and prompted a more serious tone for the movie, which originally had been set in Croatia. The airline remained a major investor in the film, and showed it as an in-flight movie well before its theatrical release.
Technically, the film shows Studio Ghibli's almost maniacal attention for particulars, as regards the animation and the historical Italian elements (although some Italian words are shown misspelled in the local newspaper of Milan).
It can be speculated that the fictional "Piccolo" aircraft company depicted in the film is a reference to the Italian aircraft manufacturer Caproni: the jet that Fio pilots in the last scene is very similar to the late Caproni C22-J, an aircraft designed by Carlo Ferrarin (a designer for Caproni, whose name is also notably used in the movie for Marco's Air Force pilot friend). Additionally, the light reconnaissance aircraft Caproni Ca309 is known under the name "Ghibli", the same name as Miyazaki's and Takahata's studio.
Note also that in the early 1930s, Italian seaplane designers set world speed records (such as the Macchi M.C.72 designed by the Italian airplane designer Mario Castoldi). One of the test pilots killed during the attempt to set the speed record was named Bellini.
Marco Pagot, the name of the main character, is also an homage to the Pagot brothers, pioneers of Italian animation (Nino Pagot was the author of the first Italian animated feature film, "I fratelli dinamite"), Miyazaki's collaborators in the production of Sherlock Hound.
[edit] Credits
- Original story, screenplay written and directed by: Hayao Miyazaki
- Music director: Joe Hisaishi
- Supervising animators: Megumi Kagawa, Toshio Kawaguchi
- Art director: Katsu Hisamura
- Color design: Michiyo Yasuda
- Camera supervisor: Atsushi Okui
- Theme Song Performance: Tokiko Kato
- Editor: Takeshi Seyama
- "Porco Rosso" Production committee: Tokuma Shoten, Japan Airlines, Nippon Television Network, Studio Ghibli
- Executive producers: Yasuyoshi Tokuma, Matsuo Toshimitsu, Yoshio Sasaki
- Associate executive producers (planning): Tatsumi Yamashita, Hideo Ogata
- Producer: Toshio Suzuki
- Distributor: Toho
- Production: Studio Ghibli
[edit] Cast
The movie stars the following actors (listed in English version/Japanese version format):
- Michael Keaton/Shuichiro Moriyama: Porco Rosso
- Cary Elwes/Akio Otsuka: Donald Curtis
- Susan Egan/Tokiko Kato: Madame Gina
- Brad Garrett/Tsunehiko Kamijo: Mamma Aiuto Gang Boss
- David Ogden Stiers/Sanshi Katsura: Mr. Piccolo
- Kimberly Williams-Paisley/Akemi Okamura: Fio Piccolo
- Bobby Edner: Arms Dealer
- Bradley Pierce: Gas Boy
- Mamma Aiuto Gang: Bill Fagerbakke, Kevin Michael Richardson, Frank Welker
- Additional Voices by: Jack Angel, Dee Bradley Baker, Michael Bell, Jeff Bennett, Earl Boen, Cameron Bowen, Rodger Bumpass, Corey Burton, Jennifer Darling, Debi Derryberry, Ashley Edner, Paul Eiding, Bill Farmer, Pat Fraley, Brian George, Lynn Harris, Tom Kenny, Sherry Lynn, Tress MacNeille, Kaitlyn Maggio, Mickie McGowan, Laraine Newman, Rob Paulsen, Philip Proctor, Aimee Rolden, Deanne Russo, Jim Ward
[edit] Awards
- "Prix du long métrage (Feature movie) International Animation film festival - Annecy 1993
[edit] External links
- Porco Rosso page at Nausicaa.net
- Anime News Network entry on Porco Rosso
- Kurenai no buta at the Internet Movie Database
- About Miyazaki's manga The Age of the Flying Boat
- Review at THEM Anime
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| Pre Ghibli Films |
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Hols: Prince of the Sun (1968) • Panda! Go, Panda! (1972) • Lupin III: Castle of Cagliostro (1977) • Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984) |
| Ghibli Films |
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Castle in the Sky (1986) • My Neighbor Totoro (1988) • Grave of the Fireflies (1988) • Kiki's Delivery Service (1989) • Only Yesterday (1991) • Porco Rosso (1992) • The Ocean Waves (1993) • Pom Poko (1994) • Whisper of the Heart (1995) • Princess Mononoke (1997) • My Neighbors the Yamadas (1999) • Spirited Away (2001) • The Cat Returns (2002) • Howl's Moving Castle (2004) • Tales from Earthsea (2006) • Ponyo on a Cliff (2008) |
| Studio Ghibli Shorts |
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Nandarou (1992) • On Your Mark (1995) • Ghiblies (2000) • Ghiblies Episode II (2002) • Mei and the Kittenbus (2003) • The Night of Taneyamagahara (2006) |
| See also... |
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Ghibli Museum • Katsuya Kondō • Yoshifumi Kondō • Gorō Miyazaki • Hayao Miyazaki • Kazuo Oga • Yasuo Ōtsuka • Toshio Suzuki • Isao Takahata • |
Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | 1992 films | Anime films | Action anime | Adventure anime | Adventure films | Aviation films | Comedy anime | Drama anime | Fantasy anime | Fantasy films | Fictional pigs | Films directed by Hayao Miyazaki | Japanese films | Japanese-language films | Romance anime | Studio Ghibli | Films distributed by Disney | Anime of the 1990s
