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Jacques Villeneuve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jacques Villeneuve

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jacques Villeneuve
Villeneuve in the pits at the 2002 US Grand Prix
Villeneuve in the pits at the 2002 US Grand Prix
Nationality Flag of Canada Canadian
World Championship Career
Active years 1996 - 2006
Team(s) Williams, BAR, Renault, Sauber, BMW Sauber
Races 165
Championships 1 (1997)
Wins 11
Podium finishes    23
Pole positions 13
Fastest laps 9
First race 1996 Australian Grand Prix
First win 1996 European Grand Prix
Last win 1997 Luxembourg Grand Prix
Last race 2006 German Grand Prix

Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve [IPA: ʒak vilnœv] (born April 9, 1971) is a Canadian automobile racing driver, and winner of Formula One (1997) and CART (1995) world championships and the Indianapolis 500, one of only three drivers to accomplish all three feats (the others being, chronologically, Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi). He was most recently employed in Formula 1 by BMW Sauber as a race driver until mid way through the 2006 season, and is now pursuing a racing career outside F1, including entry into the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans sportscar race.

Contents

[edit] Early years

Born in St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada, Villeneuve is the son of the highly respected Gilles Villeneuve, a Formula One driver killed during qualifying at the 1982 Belgian Grand Prix when Jacques was only eleven years old. His mother is Joann Villeneuve. He has two sisters, Melanie and Jessica (half-sister). His uncle, also named Jacques, was a moderately successful driver in American and Canadian road racing, winning one CART race. Young Jacques, following his family's racing footsteps, first competed in the Italian Formula 3 series from 1989 through 1991. In 1992, he raced in the Japanese Formula 3 series, winning three races and placing second in the championship.

[edit] CART IndyCar World Series

Villeneuve won the 1995 Indianapolis 500
Villeneuve won the 1995 Indianapolis 500

In 1993, Jacques moved to the North American Toyota Atlantic racing series, where he won five races and finished his debut season third in the standings. He moved to Champ Car in 1994, and was the series 1994 Rookie of the Year after a string of strong results, including his first victory at Road America in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin. Driving for expatriate Australian Barry Green's team, Villeneuve ran the new Reynard chassis coupled with the Ford Cosworth engine. The new chassis became progressively faster as Reynard and Team Green developed it, and the results improved, culminating in that win at the tricky Road America circuit. That year he also finished second in the Indianapolis 500, the 'best of the rest' behind the ultra-dominant Penske-Mercedes.

He started 1995 strongly, winning the opening race at Miami. His most significant victory of the year was at the Indianapolis 500. He won in an impressive style, as he overcame a mid-race 2-lap penalty, and thus actually covered 505 miles, lapping the field twice. Other victories included Road America and the Grand Prix of Cleveland on his way to the 1995 CART IndyCar championship. His strong performances, as well as his family name, brought him to the attention of Frank Williams, who signed him to his Formula One team. Villeneuve began testing the Williams F1 car in 1995 after the IndyCar season.

Villeneuve was the last CART IndyCar World Series champion before the 1996 CART/IRL split created two rival series. As such, some feel that his achievements perhaps carry greater weight than his CART and IRL successors', since the "talent pool" of American open-wheel racing drivers was also split, leaving each series with fewer top contenders.[citation needed]

[edit] Formula One

[edit] Williams (1996-1998)

Jacques Villeneuve driving for the Williams Formula One team at the 1996 Canadian Grand Prix
Jacques Villeneuve driving for the Williams Formula One team at the 1996 Canadian Grand Prix

In 1996 he moved to Formula One with the Williams team. His début was nothing less than spectacular, as he became only the third Formula One driver in history to achieve both a pole and a podium position in his maiden grand prix. He led the race until an oil leak, and team orders, forced him to slow and allow team mate Damon Hill to pass. He held on to finish second. He won four races that year, reached the podium 11 times, and finished with 78 points — all rookie records which still stand today. The début victory came at the Nürburgring where he held off two time world champion (subsequently seven time world champion) Michael Schumacher in his Ferrari. He finished the season runner-up in the drivers championship to Hill, having taken the title battle down the wire at Suzuka. When the wheel fell off his car, his title hopes, which were already very narrow to start with, were dashed. His impressive debut helped Williams win the constructors championship by over 100 points in 1996.

With the 1997 departure of Hill to Arrows, Villeneuve became the number one at Williams, comfortably outpacing new team-mate Heinz-Harald Frentzen. In just his second season in Formula One he became world champion by claiming 7 wins, 10 poles, 8 podiums, and 81 points. He clinched the title in dramatic fashion by beating Ferrari star Michael Schumacher in the final race of the year at Jerez. Schumacher, under pressure with Jacques closing in, turned in on Villeneuve as the Canadian made a pass on the inside. The move echoed Schumacher's infamous clash with Damon Hill in the 1994 Australian Grand Prix. The cars made contact and Schumacher ended up in the gravel ("That didn't work, Michael!" exclaimed ITV commentator Martin Brundle) but Villeneuve was able to continue, finishing in third place and claiming the title. Schumacher was stripped of second place in that year's standings, later admitting that the he had intentionally caused the incident. 1997 also saw Williams crowned constructors champions once more, but with the engine-supplier Renault pulling out of the sport, the future was not to be so successful for the team.

"You shouldn't do what you don't want other people to do to you, to start with and...you know...if you can sleep with what you're doing, then I guess it's fine for you...but there are a few things that go beyond what I'd do myself..."

- Jacques Villeneuve on Jerez 1997[1]

Villeneuve's career went into sharp decline following his drivers championship. Remaining with Williams in 1998, he struggled with an underpowered Mecachrome engine, and failed to win a single race. His fifth in the standings was disappointing for a title defence; but considering the pace of his car he could do no better. Two third places (at Hockenheim and the Hungaroring) and a front-row grid slot at Monza were the only highlights.

[edit] BAR (1999-2003)

Villeneuve driving for BAR at the 2003 United States Grand Prix.
Villeneuve driving for BAR at the 2003 United States Grand Prix.

In 1999, Villeneuve joined the newly-founded British American Racing (BAR) team, co-founded and partly owned by Villeneuve's personal manager, Craig Pollock. There was a lot of media hype about the new squad, but despite the high expectations, BAR had a poor season, not scoring a single championship point that year. At times the car showed a promising pace, Villeneuve running in third place at Barcelona, but often, technical problems ruined his chances. Teammate Ricardo Zonta's lack of experience may also have hindered development.

Autosport magazine speculated that Villeneuve would switch back to Williams for 2000, but he went on to race for BAR until late 2003, never placing higher than seventh place in the driver's championship. The majority of his tenure at BAR is marked by repeated mechanical failures; when he did manage to finish a race, it usually was not on the lead lap. The year 2000 can be considered his best season at the team; with Honda engines, BAR's speed improved, and reliability was also better. Many specialist publications and industry insiders considered him to be the fastest driver that year; his speed off the line was particularly impressive.

Villeneuve was unable to score a podium, but did come close at Indianapolis where he narrowly lost a duel with former team-mate Frentzen. 2001 saw French veteran Olivier Panis stepping into the second seat. Panis was often able to match Villeneuve, but the 1997 champion had the better results, two third places at Barcelona and Hockenheim being the team's first rostrums. The season had started terribly however; Villeneuve was involved in a tragic accident in Melbourne which led to the death of a marshal. At the end of 2001 a major managerial reshuffle took place.

Villeneuve's friend and manager Pollock was sacked, with Prodrive boss David Richards taking over. From this point on, Villeneuve felt less comfortable at the team. 2002 was a poor year, with the team slipping backwards in terms of pace. Points were scarce and it was not until the middle of the year that Villeneuve scored any, a fourth at Silverstone his best result in 2002. With one year left to run on his contract Villeneuve turned down a lucrative offer to spend a season racing in CART before returning to BAR for 2004 and 2005 (a deal which Villeneuve claimed was spoken about but never actually produced for him to sign). Instead, he decided that he would see out his present deal in the hope of landing a role at another grand prix team the following year.

Bitter public rows between himself and Richards over salary soured the relationship further. 2003 saw Villeneuve come under harsh media criticism for being occasionally outpaced by his younger (and less experienced) teammate, Jenson Button. Many critics also questioned Villeneuve's reported $19 million annual salary, given that he scored a meager six championship points that year. However, when the car was fast enough to score points, it often failed under him (he suffered 8 retirements, all due to mechanical problems, compared to Button's three mechanical failures); when it lasted, he was usually ahead of Button. With his stock falling he had few options for 2004 and when BAR announced Takuma Sato as his replacement for the next season, he quit one race early. Sato filled in at Suzuka. After Villeneuve's departure, BAR would rise from fifth place to second in the constructor championship. From 1996 to 2003, Villeneuve competed in 131 Grands Prix, with a total of 11 wins and 13 pole positions.

[edit] Comeback with Renault (2004)

Villeneuve qualifying his Sauber for the 2005 US GP.
Villeneuve qualifying his Sauber for the 2005 US GP.

With no contract for 2004, Villeneuve was forced to take a sabbatical, but maintained that he wanted to return to the sport. He continued training and made a special appearance at the Goodwood Festival of Speed driving his late father's Ferrari. In September, Villeneuve returned to Formula One, driving the final three Grands Prix of the season for French-based Renault. Jarno Trulli had fallen out of favour and team boss Flavio Briatore felt Villeneuve would be worth a gamble. Although vowing to help Renault achieve second place in the constructors championship (ahead of his former team BAR), Villeneuve failed to score a single point, unable to finish any of his races on the lead lap; Renault settled for third in the final standings. Jacques admitted that the enforced lay-off had cost him vital seat time. With the cars so much faster than in 2003, and his fitness questionable, he found it difficult to adapt, and with Fernando Alonso as team-mate his task was made all the more difficult. The young Spaniard proved much faster (going on to win his first title the next season). Just before his 3-race Renault comeback, Villeneuve signed a two-year contract to drive for Sauber, starting in 2005.

[edit] Sauber (2005 - 2006)

Villeneuve testing a BMW Sauber at Valencia in early 2006.
Villeneuve testing a BMW Sauber at Valencia in early 2006.

His Sauber debut at the Australian Grand Prix was remarkable only for his (weather assisted) P4 starting position. For the opening three races he was the slowest driver on Michelin tyres and rumours began to spread that he would soon be replaced. The rumours proved unfounded and at Imola he managed to score his first points for the team. The pressure was soon back on him when he forced team-mate Felipe Massa off the track when attempting an over-ambitious overtaking move in Monaco, ruining both their races.

Towards the end of the season, his pace improved and he scored more points at Belgium, moving ahead of Massa in the championship tables, although Massa repassed him after finishing 6th in the season finale in China. In terms of speed, the two team-mates were fairly evenly matched by the end of the year. Massa was later drafted into Ferrari to support Michael Schumacher's 2006 campaign.

Villeneuve at the 2006 Canadian Grand Prix.
Villeneuve at the 2006 Canadian Grand Prix.

After much uncertainty, in late 2005 BMW confirmed that Villeneuve would race for BMW Sauber in 2006. GP2 frontrunner Heikki Kovalainen and Indycar champion Dan Wheldon had both been linked with the seat, but BMW opted to honour Villeneuve's contract; to cut the contract would possibly have been an expensive exercise for the marque, and Villeneuve was popular with the sponsors and team personnel.

After the first several races of 2006, neither Villeneuve nor teammate Nick Heidfeld was clearly superior to the other (7: 13 in points). Following a crash at Hockenheim, BMW opted to allow test driver Robert Kubica to race in Villeneuve's place for the forthcoming Hungarian GP. Kubica drove to a solid seventh place, despite the chaotic wet conditions (but was later disqualified because his car was too light). Within days, BMW and Villeneuve announced that they had parted company with immediate effect.[2] The reason for his departure was later revealed that he simply didn't want to be a part of a potential "shoot-out" with test driver Robert Kubica, feeling that he had proven himself already.[3]

[edit] Life after Formula One

In a recent interview with Autosport magazine, Villeneuve's manager Craig Pollock confirmed that the Canadian is done with F1 and is now linked with a NASCAR switch.[4] When asked about the rumor he neither denied nor confirmed but did say that if he was to drive in NASCAR, it would be at the NEXTEL Cup level.

On January 10, 2007, Villeneuve was confirmed as a driver for Peugeot Sport in their launch of the 908 diesel-powered Le Mans prototype. Villeneuve was be one of the team's third drivers for the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans. It was his first drive in a sportscar since working with Toyota in 1993. If he wins the 24 Hours of Le Mans, he would become the first person to win the F1 Championship, Champ Car Championship, Indianapolis 500, and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.[5]

[edit] Personal

When not racing, Villeneuve lives between Villars-sur-Ollon, Switzerland and Montreal, Canada. Villeneuve was among the first group inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame. He was also named Canada's Athlete of the Year, receiving the Lou Marsh Trophy in 1995 and 1997. In 1998, he was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec.

Villeneuve was previously engaged to Australian singer Dannii Minogue in the late 1990s and was once engaged to American ballerina Elly Green. In a 1999 interview, Johnny Herbert stated that "Jacques is a computer games junkie; every time I see him, he's wrapped up in a new one". [1]Villeneuve appeared briefly in the 2001 Sylvester Stallone action movie Driven as a race car driver. He married his Parisienne girlfriend Johanna Martinez on May 29, 2006, at a civil ceremony in Switzerland. After the ceremony, it was announced the Villeneuves were expecting a baby in November. Johanna gave birth to a son, Jules, on November 14, 2006.

In January 2007, Villeneuve purchased a $3 million home in Westmount in Montreal. His mother was the real estate agent responsible for the sale of the home. [2] Jacques owns a trendy nightclub and restaurant in Montreal called Newtown, which is the English translation of his French last name ('Ville' means 'Town', and 'Neuve' means 'new'). It is located on Crescent Street, one of Montreal's hottest nightspots.

Following his relationship with Dannii Minogue, Villeneuve explored singing. In 2006 he released his first commercial single 'Accepterais-tu', a French song with lyrics that fit well with his present personal status - asking his loved one to marry him. The launch was held at his café.[citation needed] On February 19th, 2007, Villeneuve released his first album entitled “Private Paradise”. The launch was held at his café, where he performed two songs in front of a crowd largely composed of news reporters. When asked about his expectations on the album he released the following statement: “I hope the album makes a great success. I would never do something hoping to get criticized.” [3] His new record had very low sales; as of March 9th, 2007, only 233 copies were sold in the entire province of Quebec and about 30 outside of Quebec and Canada. [4]

[edit] TV Ads

Jacques Villeneuve has appeared in various TV commercials for Honda when he was driving for the BAR team. In March 2006, Jacques Villeneuve appeared in television campaign for Intel's Centrino Laps campaign, in which he touts the benefits of using Intel Centrino Duo Mobile Technology. The ad can be viewed here

Villeneuve also appeared in a Canadian commercial alongside Olympic gold medal-winning sprinter and countryman Donovan Bailey shortly after winning his 1997 F1 World Driver's title. The ad proclaimed Canada to be the "fastest nation on earth."

[edit] Results

[edit] CART IndyCar career results

  • 1994 CART IndyCar seasonPlayers - Forsythe-Greene —
    • Rookie of the Year
  • 1995 CART IndyCar seasonPlayers - Forsythe-Greene —
    • Series Champion
    • 1995 Indianapolis 500 Champion – racing 505 miles due to two lap penalty incurred by passing the pacecar while in the lead.

[edit] Formula One career results

[edit] Complete CART results

  • Races in bold designate pole position.

(key)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Team Rank Points
1994 Team Green SUR
17
PHX
25
LBH
15
IND
2
MIL
9
DET
7
POR
6
CLE
4
TOR
9
MIC
20
MID
9
NHA
24
VAN
24
ROA
1
NAZ
7
LAG
3
Team Green 6th 94
1995 Team Green MIA
1
SUR
20
PHX
5
LBH
25
NAZ
2
IND
1
MIL
6
DET
9
POR
20
ROA
1
TOR
3
CLE
1
MIC
10
MID
3
NHA
4
VAN
12
LAG
11
Team Green 1st 172

[edit] Complete Formula One results

(key)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Team WDC Points
1996 Williams AUS
2
BRA
Ret
ARG
2
EUR
1
SMR
11
MON
Ret
ESP
3
CAN
2
FRA
2
GBR
1
GER
3
HUN
1
BEL
2
ITA
7
POR
1
JPN
Ret
Williams 2nd 78
1997 Williams AUS
Ret
BRA
1
ARG
1
SMR
Ret
MON
Ret
ESP
1
CAN
Ret
FRA
4
GBR
1
GER
Ret
HUN
1
BEL
5
ITA
5
AUT
1
LUX
1
JPN
DSQ
EUR
3
Williams 1st 81
1998 Williams AUS
5
BRA
7
ARG
Ret
SMR
4
ESP
6
MON
5
CAN
10
FRA
4
GBR
7
AUT
6
GER
3
HUN
3
BEL
Ret
ITA
Ret
LUX
8
JPN
6
Williams 5th 21
1999 BAR AUS
Ret
BRA
Ret
SMR
Ret
MON
Ret
ESP
Ret
CAN
Ret
FRA
Ret
GBR
Ret
AUT
Ret
GER
Ret
HUN
Ret
BEL
15
ITA
8
EUR
10
MYS
Ret
JPN
9
BAR 21st 0
2000 BAR AUS
4
BRA
Ret
SMR
5
GBR
16
ESP
Ret
EUR
Ret
MON
7
CAN
15
FRA
4
AUT
4
GER
8
HUN
12
BEL
7
ITA
Ret
USA
4
JPN
6
MYS
5
BAR 7th 17
2001 BAR AUS
Ret
MYS
Ret
BRA
7
SMR
Ret
ESP
3
AUT
8
MON
4
CAN
Ret
EUR
9
FRA
Ret
GBR
8
GER
3
HUN
9
BEL
8
ITA
6
USA
Ret
JPN
10
BAR 7th 12
2002 BAR AUS
Ret
MYS
8
BRA
10
SMR
7
ESP
7
AUT
10
MON
Ret
CAN
Ret
EUR
12
GBR
4
FRA
Ret
GER
Ret
HUN
Ret
BEL
8
ITA
9
USA
6
JPN
Ret
BAR 12th 4
2003 BAR AUS
9
MYS
Ret
BRA
6
SMR
Ret
ESP
Ret
AUT
12
MON
Ret
CAN
Ret
EUR
Ret
FRA
9
GBR
10
GER
9
HUN
Ret
ITA
6
USA
Ret
JPN
BAR 16th 6
2004 Renault AUS
MYS
BAH
SMR
ESP
MON
EUR
CAN
USA
FRA
GBR
GER
HUN
BEL
ITA
CHN
11
JPN
10
BRA
10
Renault 22nd 0
2005 Sauber AUS
13
MYS
Ret
BAH
11
SMR
4
ESP
Ret
MON
11
EUR
13
CAN
9
USA
DNS
FRA
8
GBR
14
GER
15
HUN
Ret
TUR
11
ITA
11
BEL
6
BRA
12
JPN
12
CHN
10
Sauber 14th 9
2006 BMW BAH
Ret
MYS
7
AUS
6
SMR
12
EUR
8
ESP
12
MON
14
GBR
8
CAN
Ret
USA
Ret
FRA
11
GER
Ret
HUN
Inj
TUR
ITA
CHN
JPN
BRA
BMW 15th 7

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] References

  1. ^ Michael Schumacher Interview by Martin Brundle on Jerez 97
  2. ^ "Villeneuve parts company with BMW", BBC, 7 August 2006. Retrieved on August 7, 2006.
  3. ^ http://www.tsn.ca/auto_racing/news_story/?ID=176694&hubname=auto_racing
  4. ^ http://uk.sports.yahoo.com/24082006/13/jacques-f1.html
  5. ^ Mortefontaine – 10 January 2007 908 HDi FAP – Action!! Peugeot press release, Retrieved 11 January 2007
Sporting positions
Preceded by
Nigel Mansell
CART Rookie of the Year
1994
Succeeded by
Gil de Ferran
Preceded by
Al Unser, Jr.
Indianapolis 500 Winner
1995
Succeeded by
Buddy Lazier
Preceded by
Al Unser Jr
CART Series Champion
1995
Succeeded by
Jimmy Vasser
Preceded by
Damon Hill
Formula One World Champion
1997
Succeeded by
Mika Häkkinen
Preceded by
Myriam Bédard
Lou Marsh Trophy winner
1995
Succeeded by
Donovan Bailey
Preceded by
Donovan Bailey
Lou Marsh Trophy winner
1997
Succeeded by
Larry Walker

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu