Gene Roddenberry

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Gene Roddenberry
Gene Roddenberry, the creator of Star Trek
Born	August 19, 1921  El Paso, Texas
Died	October 24, 1991 (age 70) Santa Monica, California
Occupation	Television producer and writer
Spouse	Eileen-Anita Rexroat (1942-1969) Majel Barrett (1969-1991)

Eugene Wesley Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991) was an American scriptwriter and producer. He is best known as the creator of what would become the science fiction universe of Star Trek. He would also become one of the first people to be buried in space.

Contents 1 Personal life 2 Television career 3 Controversy 4 Legacy 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Personal life

Born in El Paso, Texas to Eugene Edward Roddenberry and Caroline Glen, Roddenberry spent his boyhood in Los Angeles, California, where his family had moved so his father could pursue a career with the Los Angeles Police Department. Following in his father's footsteps after high school, Roddenberry took classes in police studies at Los Angeles City College, and headed that school's Police Club.

In that role, he was a liaison with the FBI, thanking them for sending speakers and securing copies of the FBI Code and publications for club use, and took fingerprint records of the college community for the FBI's Civil Identification Division.

Following his graduation from Los Angeles City College, Roddenberry attended Columbia University, the University of Miami and the University of Southern California.

He later transferred his academic interest to aeronautical engineering and qualified for a pilot's license. Roddenberry joined the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1941 and became an aviator. He flew many combat B-17 Flying Fortress missions in the Pacific Theatre with the 394th Bomb Squadron (H), and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal.

After leaving the service, he was a commercial pilot for Pan American World Airways. He received a Civil Aeronautics commendation for his efforts following a crash in the Syrian desert, while on a flight to Calcutta.

Roddenberry left Pan Am to pursue writing for television in Los Angeles. He fell back on his early training and joined the Los Angeles Police Department. He served with them from 1949 to 1956.

Roddenberry married twice. He had two children by his first wife, Eileen Rexroat (to whom he was married 27 years) — Dawn and the late Darleen. He began having an affair in the 1960s with Majel Barrett (whom he cast in various roles in Star Trek). He left his first wife for her, and they were married in Japan in a traditional Buddhist-Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969. Together they had one child, Eugene Wesley, Jr.^[1]

Although raised Southern Baptist, Roddenberry did not embrace the faith of his parents, instead becoming a secular humanist.^[2] Roddenberry passed away on October 24, 1991, of heart failure. After his death, a lipstick-sized capsule of his ashes was sent into space to orbit the earth for just over five years (after which they burned up in the earth's atmosphere).

[edit] Television career

Before Star Trek, Roddenberry wrote scripts for many of the popular television series of the 1950s, such as Have Gun, Will Travel. His first-season episode 'Helen of Abajinian' won a Writer's Guild Award. He produced The Lieutenant, a 1963-1964 ABC series about the United States Marine Corps. He was also trying to get other science fiction series on the air, mostly without success.

Roddenberry developed his idea for Star Trek in 1964 after looking for material to rival Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon. The series was finally picked up by Desilu Studios when Gene sold the idea as a "Wagon Train to the Stars". The original $500,000 pilot received minor support from NBC, but the network commissioned an unprecedented second pilot. The series premiered on September 8, 1966 and ran for three seasons. Although it was cancelled due to low ratings, the series gained wide popularity in syndication. In the third and final season of Star Trek, Roddenberry — who had offered to demote himself to the position of line producer in a final attempt to ensure the show's success if the program was given his desired timeslot — lessened his workload when these demands were not met and accepted a staff producer position with MGM.

His first project with the studio, Pretty Maids All In A Row, was a sexploitation film adapted from the Francis Pollini novel by Roddenberry and directed by Roger Vadim. With a cast including established stars (Rock Hudson, Angie Dickinson, Telly Savalas, Roddy McDowall) alongside Star Trek regulars (James Doohan, William Campbell) and beautiful unknowns (among them Gretchen Burrell, the wife of country-rock pioneer Gram Parsons), the film was expected to be one of the biggest blockbusters of 1971. Even with the support of a Playboy pictorial featuring Burrell, the film only managed to break even at the box office. Roddenberry's relationship with MGM was all but terminated because of this, although he did continue to pursue ideas into 1972.

Following the cancellation of Star Trek and the relative failure of his first feature film, Roddenberry pitched four sci-fi TV series concepts that all had pilot movies produced but were not picked up: The Questor Tapes, Genesis II, Planet Earth, and Strange New World. He also co-wrote and was executive producer on the made for TV movie, Spectre (1977).

Unable to find work in the television and film industry and fearful that he would be unable to support his family, Roddenberry heeded the advice of good friend Arthur C. Clarke and began to find steady employment on the college lecture circuit, where contemporaries in a similar predicament (William Shatner, Timothy Leary) had also found success. He amused the fandom attendees (many of whom bestowed upon him the affectionate nickname "The Great Bird of the Galaxy," after a mythical creature referenced in "Man Trap," the first aired episode of Star Trek) with anecdotes from the Star Trek set, spoke of his visions of the future and showed the Star Trek Blooper Reel, a collection of outtakes from the original series. He also exhibited a black and white print of unaired first series pilot The Cage. The screenings of the blooper reel drew criticism and ire from Leonard Nimoy (Spock), who felt that Roddenberry was exploiting his mistakes for money and eventually sued the writer-producer and Paramount for the blooper reel screenings and uncompensated use of his image in a Heineken promotional campaign. The matter would be resolved shortly before production of Star Trek: The Motion Picture.

Beginning in 1975, go-ahead was given by Paramount for Roddenberry to develop a sequel "Star Trek" television series based around as many of the original cast as could be recruited. This series was to be the anchor show of a new network (the ancestor of UPN, which is now part of The CW Television Network), but plans by Paramount for this network were scrapped and plans were changed to do a Star Trek feature film.

The resulting Star Trek: The Motion Picture received a lukewarm critical response, but performed well at the box office. As a result, several feature films and a new television series, Star Trek: The Next Generation, were created in the 1980s. Roddenberry was deeply involved with creating and producing Star Trek: The Next Generation, although he ultimately only had full control over the show's first season. The WGA strike of 1988 prevented him from taking an active role in production of the second season, forcing him to hand control of the series to producer Maurice Hurley. While Roddenberry was free to resume work on the third season of the show, his health was in serious decline by this point, and over the course of the season he gradually ceded control to Rick Berman and Michael Piller. Star Trek also spawned the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Enterprise.

When it came time to produce the obligatory sequel, Roddenberry's submission, in which a time-travelling Enterprise crew get involved in the John F. Kennedy assassination, was rejected, and he was ousted and replaced by Harve Bennett.^[3] He continued as executive consultant on the next four films - Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home and Star Trek V: The Final Frontier. In this position Rodenberry was allowed to view and comment upon all scripts and dailies emanating from the production, although the creative team was free to disregard Roddenberry's advice as Bennett almost always elected to do.

The last film based on the original Star Trek series, Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country was dedicated to Roddenberry's memory; he reportedly viewed a version of the film a few days before his death, aged 70.^[3]

In addition to his film and TV work, Roddenberry also wrote the novelization for Star Trek: The Motion Picture, which was published in 1979 and was the first of hundreds of Star Trek based novels to be published by Pocket Books. It has been claimed by some that Alan Dean Foster was the ghostwriter of the book, but this has been debunked by Foster on his personal website and is a classic instance of the broken telephone game, as Foster did ghostwrite the novelization of Star Wars and wrote the original treatment of the Star Trek film. Roddenberry talked of writing a second Trek novel based upon his original rejected 1975 script for the film but died before he was able to do so.

[edit] Controversy

Writers on Star Trek have charged that ideas they developed were later passed off by Roddenberry as his own, or that he lied about their contributions to the show at Star Trek conventions. Roddenberry was confronted by these writers, and apologized to them, but according to his critics, he would continue the behavior.^[4]

In her autobiography, actress Nichelle Nichols, who played Uhura in the first Star Trek series, reported having had a love affair with Roddenberry. She felt that his strong and controversial inclination to get her on the show had a lot to do with their relationship.

Roddenberry's life and work has been chronicled in several works. Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry, authored by friend David Alexander, is a flattering portrayal of Roddenberry's life that was received favorably by most readers, obscuring many of the troubles Roddenberry encountered in his later years. Far more controversial was Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry by Susan Sackett, his close associate for 17 years. While she displays unwavering affection, respect, and admiration for her employer and apparent lover, Sackett's account is hardly an hagiographic account. Recounted in brutal detail are his elongated dry spells throughout the 1970s, addiction to cocaine, impotence, inability to finish creative projects, and mental and physical decline from roughly 1989 on.^[3]

Despite his reduced management of Star Trek near the end of his life, Roddenberry was still respected enough that Paramount Pictures, owners of the various Star Trek series, agreed to his request that the Star Trek Animated Series not be considered canon by the studio. According to the reference work The Star Trek Chronology, Roddenberry reportedly considered elements of the fifth and sixth Trek films to be apocryphal, though there is no indication that he wanted them removed from Trek canon.

[edit] Legacy

After his death in 1991 in Santa Monica, California, Roddenberry's estate allowed for the creation of two long-running television series based upon some of his previously unfilmed story ideas and concepts. Earth: Final Conflict and Andromeda were produced under the guidance of Majel Barrett-Roddenberry. A third Roddenberry storyline was adapted in 1995 as the short-lived comic book Gene Roddenberry's Lost Universe.

The asteroid 4659 Roddenberry, and an Impact crater on Mars are both named in his honor.

On October 4, 2002, the El Paso Independent School District Planetarium was renamed the Gene Roddenberry Planetarium. Eugene W. Roddenberry Jr. cut the ribbon at the dedication ceremony.

Roddenberry's home at birth is at 1907 E. Yandell Street in El Paso where he and his family lived nearly two years. Now a flower shop in a strip mall, there is a wooden plaque marking the site.

One of the buildings on the CBS Paramount studio lot on Sunset Boulevard is the Gene Roddenberry building, housing production and administrative offices.

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry, by David Alexander
• Gene Roddenberry: The Last Conversation, by Yvonne Fern
• Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry, by Susan Sackett
• Great Birds of the Galaxy: Gene Roddenberry and the Creators of Star Trek, by Edward Gross and Mark A. Altman
• The Man Who Created Star Trek: Gene Roddenberry, by James Van Hise
• Inside Star Trek: The Real Story, by Herbert F. Solow and Robert H. Justman
• Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek, by Joel Engel

[edit] External links

• Official Roddenberry family website
• Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry
• The Museum of Broadcast Communication
• Roddenberry's original March 1964 pitch outline for Star Trek
• Originally published in The Humanist, March/April 1991
• Strange New Worlds: The Humanist Philosophy of Star Trek by Robert Bowman, Christian Research Journal, Fall 1991, pp. 20 ff.
• Gene Roddenberry at the Internet Movie Database
• Gene Roddenberry at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Gene Roddenberry at the Notable Names Database
• Gene Roddenberry Planetarium
• Gene Roddenberry article at Memory Alpha, a Star Trek wiki.
• StarTrek.com biography
• Website of Susan Sackett
• Retrovisionmag on Roddenberry's The Questor Tapes.
• Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda
• The Official Roddenberry Productions Myspace Maintained by the Roddenberry.Com Team.