Mazandarani language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Mazandarani Māzərūni مازِرونی - Mazəni مازنی Tabəri تبری - Tabərsi تبرسی |
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| Spoken in: | Mazandaran, and some parts of Tehran, Golestan, Semnan, Khorasan (Iran) | |
| Region: | Southern Mazandaran Sea | |
| Total speakers: | 3 - 4.5 million (As Native) | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Iranian Mazandarani |
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| Writing system: | Perso-Arabic Script | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language of: | none | |
| Regulated by: | Linguistic Faculty of Babol University | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | ||
| ISO 639-3: | mzn | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. | ||
Mazandarani (also Tabari) is an Iranian language of the northwestern branch. It is spoken mainly in Iran's Mazandaran province. The usage of the language has been in decline, because of the widespread use of Persian, a southwestern Iranian language. As Persian is the official language of Iran, it has greatly influenced it, and furthermore most of the Mazandarani speakers are bilingual in both languages. [1]
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[edit] History
Among the living Iranian languages, Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent provincial rulers in the centuries after the Arab invasion[2].
The rich literature of this language includes books such as Marzban Nameh (later translated into Persian) and the poetry of Amir Pazevari. The use of Mazandarani, however, has been in decline. Its literary and administrative rank was lost to Persian perhaps long before the ultimate integration of Mazandaran into the national administration in the early seventeenth century. An overwhelming majority of the population of Mazandaran Province are now bilingual [3], also speaking Persian.
The Mazandarani language is closely related to Gilaki and the two languages have similar vocabularies. Notably, the language did not come under the influence of other incoming languages such as Arabic and Turkish. According to Ethnologue, there were more than three million native speakers of Mazandarani in 1993 speaking different dialects such as Gorgani, Ghadikolahi and Palani[4]
[edit] Grammar
Mazandarani is an Inflected and gender free language.[5] It is considered SVO in conventional typology but some times (for example when a pronoun is used instead of the object) order of sentences are SOV [6].
[edit] Orthography
[edit] Perso-Arabic Script
Mazanderani is commonly written in the Perso-Arabic script.[7]
[edit] Romanization
Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi proposed latin scripture of this language to be used in dictionaries and other textural resources for compatibly of forigners. It is also being usable in Chat, Email and SMS messages.
[edit] Influence
[edit] Modern-day of Iran
There are many popular companies in iran that their name are from the origin words of this language.
[edit] In non-Iranian languages
There are some loanwords in Turkmen language which are originally Mazandarani.[8] Also there are some evidences that Sanskrit and Mazanderani share some words.
[edit] Trivia
- Mazandarani version of wikipedia was started in April 2006.
[edit] References
[edit] General
- Maryam Borjian, Spring 2005, Bilingualism in Mazandaran: Peaceful Coexistence With Persian, Columbia University, Language, Communities and Education, pp.65-73.
[edit] Notes
- ^ [1]
- ^ Windfuhr, G. L., New Iranian languages: Overview. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.), Compendium linguarum Iranicarum (pp. 246-49). Wiesbaden: L.Reichert, 1989.
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ http://www.nord.helsinki.fi/clpg/CLPG/Muhammed-Reza%20Fakhr-Rohani.pdf
- ^ [4]
- ^ http://www.language-keyboard.com/resource/indo-euro/mazanderani.htm
- ^ Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen
[edit] Further reading
Recent Studies
- Archiv Orientálni, 2006, The Oldest Known Texts in New Tabari: The Collection of Aleksander ChodŸko, 74/2, pp. 153-171.
- Habib Borjian, 2006, Amir Pazevari (legendary poet of Mazandarani language), University of Minnesota, United States
- Iranian Studies, 2006, A Mazandarani account of the Babi Incident at Shaikh Tabarsi, 39/3, pp. 381-400.
- Guyesh-shenâsi, 2006, Textual sources for the study of Tabari language I. Olddocuments, no. 4.
[edit] Bibliography
- Johannes Albrecht Bernhard Dorn, 1860-66, Masanderanische Sprache (I-II/1, 3, St. Petersburg)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Ethnologue Report for Mazandarani
- Audio recordings available for Mazandarani
- A website for standardizing Mazandarani dialects
- Dictionary of Mazandarani, with translations into Saravi, Baboli, and Amoli dialects
| Iranian Languages | |||
| Eastern Iranian | |||
| Old Iranian | Avestan † | Scythian (including Saka)† | Sogdian† | ||
| Middle Iranian | Bactrian† | Khwarezmian† | Khotanese† (possibly a Saka dialect) | Ossetic | Sacian† | ||
| Modern Iranian | Bartangi | Hidukush Group | Ishkashmi | Karakoram Group | Khufi | Munji | Oroshori | New Ossetic | Parachi | Pashto | Roshani (Roshni) | Sanglechi | Sarikoli | Shughni | Wakhi | Vanji † | Waziri | Yaghnobi | Yidgha | Yazgulami | Zebaki | ||
| Western Iranian | |||
| Old Iranian | Median† | Old Persian (Aryan)† | ||
| Middle Iranian | Parthian Pahlavi† | Sasanian Pahlavi† | ||
| Modern Iranian | Alviri (Vidâri) | Ashtiani | Azari† | Baluchi | Bashkardi | Central Iran | Persian Dari | Dari (Zoroastrian) | Gilaki | Gorani | Harzani | Judeo-Persian | Kurdish Kurmanji | Laki | Luri | Bakhtiari Lori | Mazandarani | Ormuri | Sangsari | Parachi | New-Persian | Sorani (Kurdish) | Tajik | Taleshi | Tat | Tati | Vafsi | Zazaki | ||
| Extinct † | |||
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|---|---|
| Indic (Indo-Aryan) | Sanskrit: Vedic Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit · Prakrit: Pāli - Magadhi · Mitanni · Bengali (Dialects: Chittagonian, Sylheti) · Hindustani (Registers: Hindi, Urdu) · Angika · Assamese · Bhojpuri · Bishnupriya Manipuri · Dhivehi · Dogri · Gujarati · Konkani · Mahl · Maithili · Marathi · Nepali · Oriya · Punjabi · Romani · Sindhi · Sinhala |
| Iranian | Eastern: Avestan · Bactrian · Pamir (Shughni, Sarikoli, Wakhi) · Pashto · Scythian - Ossetic · Sogdian - Yaghnobi · Western: Persian: Old Persian - Middle Persian (Pahlavi) - Modern Persian (Varieties: Farsi, Dari, Tajik) · Bukhori · Balochi · Dari (Zoroastrianism) · Gilaki · Kurdish · Luri · Mazandarani · Talysh · Tat · Zazaki |
| Dardic | Dameli · Domaaki · Gawar-Bati · Kalash · Kashmiri · Khowar · Kohistani · Nangalami · Pashayi · Palula · Shina · Shumashti |
| Nuristani | Askunu · Kamkata-viri · Tregami · Vasi-vari · Waigali |
