Table of voting systems by nation

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These tables deal with voting to select candidates for office, not for the passing of legislation.

Contents 1 Single-winner voting systems by country 2 Voting systems by country 2.1 Key 3 Footnotes 4 See also 5 External links 6 References

[edit] Single-winner voting systems by country

Note: this table is being merged with the table below.

Country	Body	Voting system	Total seats
Belize		First past the post	29
Bhutan		First past the post	150
Botswana		First past the post	47
Canada	House of Commons	First past the post	308
Cayman Islands		First past the post	19
Central African Republic		Runoff	85
Congo-Brazzaville		Runoff	125
Cuba		Runoff	589
Czech Republic	Senát	Runoff	81
Democratic Republic of Congo		First past the post	210
Dominica		First past the post	31
Egypt		Runoff	444
Ethiopia		First past the post	547
Fiji		Instant-runoff / AV	70
Finland	President	Runoff	1
Gabon		Runoff	120
The Gambia		First past the post	36
Ghana		First past the post	200
Grenada		First past the post	15
Haiti		Runoff	83
Hong Kong	District Councils	First past the post / Appointed	502[1]
India	Lok Sabha (lower house)	First past the post	543
Iran	Islamic Consultative Assembly	Runoff	270
Jamaica		First past the post	60
Kazakhstan		Runoff	67
Kenya		First past the post	188
Kiribati	parliament	Borda count	39
Kyrgyzstan	Jogorku Kenesh	Runoff	75
Liberia	House of Representatives	First past the post	64
	Senate	First past the post	30
Malawi		First past the post	177
Malaysia		First past the post	192
Mali		Runoff	147
Marshall Islands		First past the post	33
Mauritania		Runoff	79
Monaco		Runoff	18
Mongolia		First past the post	76
Montserrat		First past the post	7
Morocco		First past the post	222
Nauru	parliament	Borda count	18
Nepal		First past the post	205
Nigeria		First past the post	593
North Korea		First past the post	687
Pakistan		First past the post	217
Palau		First past the post	30
Papua New Guinea		First past the post	109
Rwanda		First past the post	70
Saint Kitts and Nevis		First past the post	11
Saint Lucia		First past the post	17
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		First past the post	15
Sierra Leone		First past the post	68
Solomon Islands		First past the post	47
Sudan		First past the post	275
Swaziland		First past the post	55
Syria		First past the post	250

[edit] Voting systems by country

Country	Body	System	Seats per District	Total seats	Threshold
Albania		Parallel / Runoff
Algeria		Party list		430
Andorra		Parallel / Bloc voting		28
Angola		Party list		220
Antigua and Barbuda		First past the post	1	17	n/a[2]
Argentina		d'Hondt method (closed lists)		257
Armenia		Parallel / FPTP		189
Aruba		First past the post	1	21	n/a[2]
Australia	Senate	STV	12 for states, 2 for territories	76
	House of Representatives	Instant-runoff voting	1	150	n/a
Austria	Nationalrat	Party list		183	4%
Azerbaijan		Parallel / Runoff		125
Bahamas		First past the post	1	49	n/a[2]
Bahrain		First past the post / Bloc voting		30	n/a[2]
Bangladesh		First past the post	1	300	n/a[2]
Barbados		First past the post	1	28	n/a[2]
Belarus		Runoff	1	260
Belgium	Chamber of Representatives	Party list (D'Hondt)	3–22	150	5%
	Senate	Direct election (40 members), appointment by regional legislatures (21 members), election by other senators (10 members); overall distribution between parties by Party list (D'Hondt)	41+29+1	71
Benin		Party list		83
Bermuda	House of Assembly	First past the post	1	36	n/a[2]
Bolivia		MMP		130
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Party list		240
Brazil	President	Runoff	—	—
	Senate	Bloc voting / FPTP	2+1	81	—
	Chamber of Deputies	d'Hondt method (open lists)	8–70	513	One Hare quota
Bulgaria	Sobranye	d'Hondt method (closed lists)[3]	4-14[3]	240	4%
Burkina Faso		Party list		111
Burundi		Party list		100	2%
Cambodia		Party list		120
Cameroon		Parallel / FPTP		180
Canada	Dominion House of Commons	First past the post	1	308	n/a
	Provincial Assemblies	First past the post	1	14-103	n/a
Cape Verde		Party list		79
Chad		Parallel / Runoff		125
Chile		Party list		120
Colombia		Party list		168
Costa Rica		Party list		57
Croatia	Sabor	Parallel / Party list	12	140	5%
Cyprus	House of Representatives[1]	Party list		80 {56 for Greek-Cypriots; 24 for Turkish-Cypriots (currently vacant)} and 3 observers from religious minorities	1.8%
Czech Republic	Chamber of Deputies	Party list	5–25	200	5% (8% for coalitions)
Denmark		Party list		179	2%
Djibouti		Party-block voting		65
Dominican Republic		Party list		120
East Timor		Parallel / Party list
Ecuador		Parallel / Party-block voting		77
El Salvador		Party list		84
Equatorial Guinea		Party list		80
Eritrea		Party list		130
Estonia	Riigikogu	Party list		101	5%
Finland	Eduskunta (and MEPs)	d'Hondt method (open lists)	6-33	200
France	President	Runoff		1
	Assemblée Nationale (National Assembly)	Runoff	1	577
	French Senate	Electoral college		331
Georgia		Parallel / Runoff		235
Germany	Bundestag	Mixed member proportional	n/a	598 (at least; 0-3% out of proportion)	5% or 3 district seats
Greece	Hellenic Parliament	Party list		300	3%
Guatemala		Parallel / FPTP		80
Guinea		Parallel / FPTP		114
Guyana		Party list		53
Honduras		Parallel / FPTP		128
Hong Kong	Legislative Council	Party list / Functional constituencies	4–8	60	n/a
Hungary	Országgyűlés	MMP		386	5% (10% for coalitions)
Iceland	Althing	Party list		63
India	Rajya Sabha (upper house)	STV		250	n/a[4]
Indonesia	Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (lower house)	Hare quota (closed lists)		550
	Dewan Perwakilan Daerah	Runoff
Ireland	Dáil Éireann	STV	3–5	166[5]	n/a[4]
Israel	Knesset	d'Hondt method	120	120	2%
Italy		MMP		630
Ivory Coast		FPTP / Bloc voting		175
Japan		Parallel / FPTP		480
Jordan		SNTV		80
Kuwait		Bloc voting		50
Laos		Bloc voting		85
Latvia	Saeima	Party list	14–28	100	5%
Lebanon		Party-block voting		128
Lesotho		MMP		65
Liechtenstein		Party list		25
Lithuania		Parallel / Runoff		141
Luxembourg		Party list		60
Macao	Legislative Council	Party list / Functional constituencies / Appointed	10	27	n/a
Madagascar		Parallel / FPTP		138
Maldives		Bloc voting		40
Malta	Kamra tar-Rapprezentanti	STV	5-6	65 (variable)	n/a[4]
Mauritius		Bloc voting		70
Mexico		MMP		500
Federated States of Micronesia		Parallel / FPTP		14
Moldova		Party list		104
Mozambique		Party list		250
Namibia		Party list		72
Netherlands	Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal	Party list		150	0,67%
New Zealand	House of Representatives (Parliament)	MMP		120	5% or 1 district seat
	Territorial Authorities	STV[6] or Bloc voting (depending on the Territorial Authority)	3–9
Nicaragua		Party list		92
Niger		Parallel / FPTP		83
Niue		FPTP / Bloc voting
Norway		Party list / Additional Member		165
Panama		Parallel / FPTP		72
Paraguay		Party list		80
Peru	Congress of the Republic	Party list		120
	President	Runoff		1
Philippines	President	First past the post	1	1	n/a[2]
	Senate	Bloc voting		24
	House of Representatives	Parallel		250	2%
	Local government	Party-block voting / FPTP
Poland	Sejm	d'Hondt method	7–19	460	5% (8% for coalitions, 0% for national minorities)
	Senate	Plurality bloc voting	2–4	100
	President	Top-two runoff	1	1
Portugal		Party list		230
Republic of China (Taiwan)	Legislative Yuan	Parallel / SNTV		225	5%
Republic of Macedonia		Parallel / Runoff		120
Romania		Party list		328
Russia	Duma	Party list		450	7%
	President	Two-round system		1
Samoa		FPTP / Bloc voting		47
San Marino		Party list		60
Sao Tome and Principe		Party list		55
Senegal		Parallel / Party-block voting		120
Serbia	Skupština	Party list		250
Seychelles		Parallel / FPTP		33
Singapore		Party-block voting / FPTP	Currently 1 or 5 or 6 (depending on constituency)	84
Slovakia	Národná rada Slovenskej republiky	Party list		150	5%
Slovenia	Drzavni zbor	Party list		90	4%
South Africa		Party list		400
South Korea		Parallel / FPTP		299
Spain	Congress	Party list		350
	Senate	Partial bloc voting (208 members), appointment by regional legislatures (51 members)	2–4	259
Sri Lanka		Party list		225
Suriname		Party list		51
Sweden	Riksdag	Modified Sainte-Laguë (Open list)		349	4% (or 12% in a constituency)
	Landstingsfullmaektige	Modified Sainte-Laguë (Open list)		31-149	3%
Switzerland	National Council	d'Hondt method (open lists)	1-34	200
	Council of States	Runoff	1-2	46
Tajikistan		Runoff	1	181	n/a
Tanzania		First past the post	1	232	n/a[2]
Thailand		Bloc voting		391
Togo		Runoff	1	81	n/a[2]
Tonga		First past the post	1	9	n/a[2]
Trinidad and Tobago		First past the post	1	36	n/a[2]
Tunisia		Parallel / Party-block voting		163
Turkey		Party list		550	10%
Turkmenistan		Runoff	1	50	n/a[2]
Tuvalu		First past the post	1	12	n/a[2]
Uganda		First past the post	1	214	n/a[2]
Ukraine		Party list		450	3%
United Kingdom	House of Commons	First past the post	1	646	n/a[2]
	Scottish Parliament	Additional Member System	8 *7 MSP	129
	National Assembly for Wales	Additional Member System	5 *4 AC	60
	Northern Ireland Assembly	STV			n/a[4]
	Local government	STV (Scotland and Northern Ireland), first past the post (elsewhere)			n/a[4]
United States	House of Representatives	First past the post with primaries	1	435[7]
	Senate	First past the post with primaries	1	100[7]
	President	Electoral college (electors generally chosen using first past the post on per state basis)	1	1
	Local government	Depending on the area, first past the post, top-two runoff, or bloc voting
Uruguay		Party list		99
Uzbekistan		Runoff	1	250	n/a[2]
Vanuatu		SNTV		50
Venezuela		MMP		203
Vietnam		Runoff	1	393	n/a[2]
Yemen		First past the post	1	301	n/a[2]
Zambia		First past the post	1	150	n/a[2]
Zimbabwe		First past the post	1	120	n/a[2]

[edit] Key

Seats per district 

Most elections are split into a number of districts (for example, a constituency). In some elections, there is one person elected per district. In others, there are many people elected per district.

Total number of seats 

the number of representatives elected to the body in total.

Election threshold 

see Election threshold

FPTP 

Using the system of first past the post voting to pick a single winner per district

Party list 

One of many Party-list proportional representation systems. Where possible, this has been replaced by the allocation system used within the party-list (e.g. d'Hondt method)

Parallel voting 

This means that two simultaneous systems are used to elect representatives to the same body. If there is interchange between the two systems (e.g. the number elected in one system affects the number elected in the other) then this is called the additional member system.

[edit] Footnotes

• Note: Those with their names italicised are not sovereign states.

1. ^ All 18 district councils in Hong Kong combined.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Systems using first past the post voting cannot have thresholds as elections are conducted at the district level and there is only one winner in each district.
3. ^ ^{a b} Determined for the 2005 parliamentary elections based on the 2001 census data. Independent candidates need to gather votes equal to the total number of votes cast in the constituency divided by the number of local seats. The remaining seats are distributed among parties by the d'Hondt method applied to the total number of votes for each. Party lists are one per constituency, the seats each party wins are forther distributed among its local lists again by d'Hondt applied to local numbers of votes for the party, and a mechanism of shifting seats from one local party list to another, to adjust the total seats for all parties for each constituency to the allocated local number of seats (minus the number of successful local independent candidates).
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Systems using the Single Transferable Vote do not have country-wide thresholds, however the size of individual districts largely determines the percentage of the vote within a particular district needed for obtaining a seat. See droop quota.
5. ^ The Ceann Comhairle or Speaker of Dáil Éireann is returned automatically for whichever constituency s/he was elected if they wish to seek re-election, reducing the number of seats contested in that constituency by one. (In that case, should the Ceann Comhairle be from a three-seater, only two seats are contested in the general election from there.) As a result, if the Ceann Comhairle wishes to be in the next Dáil, only 165 seats are actually contested in a general election.
6. ^ As of October 2004, New Zealand uses STV in 9 out of 79 councils. Each city or district can have more than one ward.
7. ^ ^{a b} The state of Louisiana uses runoff voting for all House and Senate seats. All candidates (regardless of party affiliation) run on a single ballot in the general election in what is referred to as an "open primary" (thus, all Democrat candidates compete against all Republican candidates and whoever else may be running). If a candidate receives a majority of the vote, he or she is automatically elected. Otherwise, the top two finishers (again, regardless of party affiliation) go to a runoff election, held approximately a month later, with the winner in the runoff earning the seat. It is possible for both candidates to be from the same party, but in practice a runoff usually features one Democrat and one Republican.

[edit] See also

• List of countries
• Voting system

[edit] External links

• ACE Electoral Knowledge Network Expert site providing encyclopedia on Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the above
• A Handbook of Electoral System Design from International IDEA
• Electoral Design Reference Materials from the ACE Project

[edit] References

Much of the data on Bulgaria from Central electoral committee - "Methods for determining the number of mandates in constituencies and the results of the vote" (in Bulgarian)

Much of the data regarding which voting system is used is drawn from this 2002 report from the International Insititute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)

Much of the data regarding the size of the parliaments comes from this 1997 report from the same Institute.

Some of the data has been updated since then.

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