加百利
维基百科，自由的百科全书
Template:聖經人物
在不同的宗教中，加俾額爾、加百烈 或稱 加百利、吉卜利里。（גַּבְרִיאֵל，希伯来语Gavriʼel，拉丁语Gabrielus，古希伯来语Gaḇrîʼēl，阿拉伯语جبريل Ǧabrīl Jibrael，英語 Gabriel）是一个传达天主信息的天使。加百利第一次的出现是在希伯来圣经但以理书中，名字的意思是「天主的人」、「天神的英雄」、「上帝已经显示了他的神力」、或「將上帝之秘密啟示的人」。他也被认为是上帝之(左)手。到了现代，加百利在希伯来语中指"Jason"。
根據亞伯拉罕諸教，加百利是負責為神傳遞信息的天使長。有時候，他亦被視為死亡天使、火與雷的王子，不過最常見的還是作為其中一個主要為神傳達信息的使者。據說，加百利也是唯一能說敘利亞語和迦勒底語的天使。根據天主教宗教傳統，他是四大天使長之一。加百利經常與米迦勒混為一談，其實米迦勒是持劍守護伊甸園（後來的天堂），阻止亞當和夏娃、以及其子孫入內的天使。而在伊斯蘭教中，加百利是四個享有特權的天使之首，同時亦是真理的化身。在巴哈伊信仰的典籍中也有提及加伯利，最明顯的例子就是巴哈歐拉的形上著作《七谷與四谷》（The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys）。
加百烈還身負"承接神的力量"的職務，因許多天使無法直接承受上帝的話語，因些他還被稱為"擁有匹敵神的力量者"。
目录 |
[编辑] 犹太教中的加百利
[编辑] 犹太历史和希伯来圣经中的加百利
耶路撒冷的所羅門神廟被毀、以及之後發生在猶大國的巴比倫囚虜事件，令猶太領袖但以理思考他在流亡時所見異象的意義，這時候，加百利對他現身（但以理書8:16-25）。
加百利的名字被提到2次:
- "...我但以理见了这异象，愿意明白其中的意思。忽有一位形状像人的站在我面前。我又听见乌莱河两岸中有人声呼叫说，加百列阿，要使此人明白这异象。他便来到我所站的地方。他一来，我就惊慌俯伏在地。他对我说，人子阿，你要明白，因为这是关乎末后的异象。……"（但以理书 8:15-17）
It is towards the end of the rule of 巴比伦 yet Gabriel is sent to elaborate and explain matters also relating to the "End of Days" (See Jewish eschatology) such as when the kingdoms of 波斯帝国, 希腊 and 罗马 will tumble from dominating the world.
- "我说话，祷告，承认我的罪和本国之民以色列的罪，为我神的圣山，在耶和华我神面前恳求。我正祷告的时候，先前在异象中所见的那位加百列，奉命迅速飞来，约在献晚祭的时候，按手在我身上。他指教我说，但以理阿，现在我出来要使你有智慧，有聪明。你初恳求的时候，就发出命令，我来告诉你，因你大蒙眷爱。所以你要思想明白这以下的事和异象。为你本国之民和你圣城，已经定了七十个七。要止住罪过，除净罪恶，赎尽罪孽，引进（或作彰显）永义，封住异象和预言，并膏至圣者（者或作所）。……" ( 但以理书9:20-24).
"他身體如水蒼白，面貌如閃電，眼目如火把，手和腳如光明的銅，說話的聲音如大眾的聲音。"(但10-6) 此經文被解釋為形容加百列的。
Here is where Gabriel tells Daniel about the mysterious "Seventy weeks" (shavu-im shivim) that seem to indicate the end of the Babylonian captivity which lasted seventy years when Cyrus the Great allowed the return to Zion and the rebuilding of the Temple by the Jews in his empire.
[编辑] 犹太法典中的加百利
In the Talmud, Gabriel appears as the destroyer of the hosts of Sennacherib in Sanhedrin 95b "with a sharpened scythe which had been ready since Creation." The Archangel is also attributed as the man who showed Joseph the way, the one who prevented Queen Vashti from appearing naked before King Ahasverus and his guests, and as one of the angels who buried Moses. In Talmud Yoma 79a, however, it is stated that Gabriel once fell into disgrace "for not obeying a command exactly as given, and remained for a while outside the heavenly Curtain." During this 21 day period, the 守护天使 of 波斯帝国, Dobiel, acted as Gabriel's proxy.
根據猶太神話，加百利多次以聲音向人示警。他曾告訴挪亞要在大洪水之前集合動物；他亦阻止了亞伯拉罕殺死其子以撒；另外，跟雅各摔角的天使、在焚燒的荊棘中向摩西顯現的天使，也是加百利。
[编辑] 基督教中的加百利
[编辑] 标准新约圣经中的加百利
新約聖經中，加百利曾向依撒伯爾顯現，並告訴他其妻子伊莉沙白將會誕下施洗約翰；他還向瑪利亞顯現，告訴她將誕下耶穌。有傳啟示錄（以往稱為《約翰默示錄》）中，那身分未明、吹響號角宣佈審判日開始的天使就是加百利。在天主教中，他被稱為總領天使(天使長)聖加俾額爾，是信使們的主保聖人；跟另外兩位天使長辣法厄耳和爾額爾一樣，他的祭祀日是9月29日。
路加福音曾經記載加百利奉差遣向童女馬利亞宣告耶穌的降生，這件事跡通常被稱為「聖母領報」（路加福音1:26），為了紀念這日子，3月25日被定為「預報救主降生節」。另外，誦念玫瑰經中的歡喜一端亦是為了慶祝這個特別的日子。
[编辑] 加百利在其他基督教分支的名字
In LDS belief, Gabriel lived a mortal life as the patriarch 诺亚. Gabriel and Noah are regarded as the same person, but Gabriel alone is regarded as the immortal resurrected being (angel). Some people say that his descendants are still among us, humans.
[编辑] 伊斯兰教中的加百利
Jbreel (جبريل还写作Jabril或 Djibril)是阿拉伯语的加百利, who is considered an archangel in Jewish and Christian angelology. According to Islam, Gabriel is the 天使 who revealed the 古兰经 to Muhammad, sura by sura, and thus Gabriel is considered the most prominent angel, as well as the spirit of truth.
你说：「凡仇视吉卜利里的，都是因为他奉真主的命令把启示降在你的心上，以证实古经，引导世人，并向信士们报喜。（古兰经 2 : 97）
As recorded in the hadith, Vol 4, Book 54. Beginning Of Creation. Hadith 455. Narrated By Abu Ishaq-Ash-Shaibani : I asked Zir bin Hubaish regarding the Statement of Allah: "And was at a distance Of but two bow-lengths Or (even) nearer; So did (Allah) convey The Inspiration to His slave (Gabriel) and then he (Gabriel) Conveyed (that to Muhammad). (53.9-10) On that, Zir said, "Ibn Mas'ud informed us that the Prophet had seen Gabriel having 600 wings."
In Muslim folklore, Gabriel is rendered as the angel who comforted Adam after his fall from grace, taught him the civilized arts, and even took him to Makkah so as to teach Adam the rites involved in making pilgrimages.
[编辑] 天使学和玄学中的加百利
Gabriel is sometimes associated with the color Blue, the direction West, or the element Water; his horse is named Haizum. Gabriel is also variously identified as the angel of annunciation, resurrection, mercy, vengeance, death, and revelation. Furthermore, the Archangel has also been identified in various sources to be one of the 7 Archangels who stand in the presence of God; he is also claimed variously be a tafsarim (chief angelic prince) of the Cherub, Virtue, Power, Archangel, and Angel celestial orders. The governor of the Moon and Monday also are ascribed to Gabriel; finally, the Archangel is also the ruler of Shamayim, the First Heaven.
有說加百烈是天使中唯一的女性，古代社會亦以百合花象徵處女，但《聖經》中有節經文： "人也不娶也不嫁，乃像天上的使者一樣。"(太22-30) 因此有人說天使是沒有性別的，但也有人說，天使是可以自己變換男女的。
[编辑] 音乐中的加百利
The eccentric English hagiographer, antiquarian and father of 15 children, Sabine Baring-Gould (1834-1924), wrote a Basque Christmas carol, Gabriel's Message, which was probably based on the 13rd or 14th century Latin chant Angelus Ad Virginem which itself is based on the Biblical account of the Annunciation in the 新约路加福音.
现代摇滚乐队Sting performed Gabriel's Message on the 圣诞节 compilation CD, "一个非常特别的圣诞节" A Very Special Christmas.
Currently in pop culture a band has arisen out of 加百利神话aptly named 加百利的堕落 from Southern California's South Bay. They are a mix of early American metal and punk rock.
[编辑] 幻想虚构中的加百利
Gabriel is referenced or plays an active role in many fictional works:
- In his epic poem Paradise Lost, John Milton made Gabriel chief of the angelic guards placed over Paradise.
- In the epic poem The Song of Roland, Gabriel instructs Frankish King Charles Martel, to deliver the sword Durendal to Roland. Gabriel also bears Roland's soul to heaven.
- In Kidou Senshi Gundam Seed Destiny, Jibril is the name of the leader for Blue Cosmos, an extremist group dedicated to eradicating genetically enhanced humans (the coordinators).
- Christopher Walken portrayed Gabriel in the film 预言 as the leader of a rebellion opposed to God's favor of humans over angels. He is shown to be exceptionally jealous of humans and delights in frightening and torturing them.
- In the movie Van Helsing, it is suggested that the title character is in fact an amnesiac reincarnated Gabriel, primarily due to his first name and the fact that Dracula refers to him as the Left Hand of God.
- Gabriel, portrayed by Tilda Swinton, not as a female entity but to signify the androgynous nature of angels, appears in the movie Constantine (2005) with the intentions of making the world worthy of God's love by attempting to bring Mammon forth into the world to reign havoc. In the comic book Hellblazer upon which the movie is based, Gabriel is referred to unaffectionately as "The Snob," and his Fall is engineered by the title character, John Constantine, and a disgraced succubus named Chantinelle.
- A jazz trumpet player named "Gabe" talks Jack Klugman's character into returning to the land of the living in the Twilight Zone television episode, "A Passage for Trumpet".
- The Trading Card Game Magic the Gathering features a card named "Gabriel Angelfire".
- In Angel Sanctuary, Gabriel appears under as a female and with Arabic name, D'jibril/Jibril. She is the true form of the main character's sister. She is also Chief of the Order of the Cherubim, and one of the four Archangels of the Elements(Water).
[编辑] 文献目录
- Bamberger, Bernard Jacob, (2006年3月15日). Fallen Angels: Soldiers of Satan's Realm. Jewish Publication Society of America. ISBN: 0827607970
- Briggs, Constance Victoria, 1997年. The Encyclopedia of Angels : An A-to-Z Guide with Nearly 4,000 Entries. Plume. ISBN: 0452279216.
- Bunson, Matthew, (1996年). Angels A to Z : A Who's Who of the Heavenly Host. Three Rivers Press. ISBN: 0517885379.
- Cruz, Joan C. 1999年. Angels and Devils. Tan Books & Publishers. ISBN: 0895556383.
- Davidson, Gustav. A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. Free Press. ISBN 002907052X
- Graham, Billy, 1994年. Angels: God's Secret Agents. W Pub Group; Minibook edition. ISBN: 0849950740
- Guiley, Rosemary, 1996年. Encyclopedia of Angels. ISBN 0816029881
- Kreeft, Peter J. 1995年. Angels and Demons: What Do We Really Know About Them? Ignatius Press. ISBN: 0898705509
- Lewis, James R. (1995年). Angels A to Z. Visible Ink Press. ISBN: 0787606529
- Melville, Francis, 2001年. The Book of Angels: Turn to Your Angels for Guidance, Comfort, and Inspiration. Barron's Educational Series; 1st edition. ISBN: 0764154036
- Ronner, John, 1993年. Know Your Angels: The Angel Almanac With Biographies of 100 Prominent Angels in Legend & Folklore-And Much More! Mamre Press. ISBN: 0932945406.
[编辑] 外部链接
- 天主教百科全书
- 犹太百科
- 神话百科全书
- Steliart, 天使词典: G
- One of Many Ring
- Sarah的天使长
- 三位一体天使:天使长
- 聚焦天使
- Great Dreams
- 加百利,星期一天使
- 天主教香港教區
