31st United States Congress - Political Parties
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The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, during the administration of U.S. President Zachary Taylor and the first months of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Millard Fillmore.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
This article supplements the main article with a list of the members by political party.
- Main article: 31st United States Congress
- See also: 31st United States Congress - Membership Changes
- See also: 31st United States Congress - State Delegations
- See also: United States House election, 1848
The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.
[edit] Dates of sessions
- Special session of the Senate: March 5, 1849 - March 23, 1849
- First session: December 3, 1849 - September 30, 1850
- Second session: December 2, 1850 - March 3, 1851 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 30th Congress
Next congress: 32nd Congress
[edit] Party summary
[edit] Senate
- Democratic: 35 (majority)
- Whig: 25
- Free Soil: 2
TOTAL members: 62
[edit] House of Representatives
- Democratic: 113 (majority)
- Whig: 108
- Free Soil: 9
- American: 1
- Independent: 1
- vacant: 1
TOTAL members: 233
[edit] Senate
At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.
[edit] Democratic
- David R. Atchison (1807-1886), Missouri
- Robert W. Barnwell (1801-1882), South Carolina …appointed to fill vacancy, June 4, 1850.
- Thomas Hart Benton (1782-1858), Missouri
- Solon Borland (1808-1864), Arkansas
- James W. Bradbury (1802-1901), Maine
- Jesse D. Bright (1812-1875), Indiana
- Andrew P. Butler (1796-1857), South Carolina
- John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), South Carolina …died March 31, 1850.
- Lewis Cass (1782-1866), Michigan
- Jeremiah Clemens (1814-1865), Alabama …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, November 30, 1849.
- Jefferson Davis (1808-1889), Mississippi
- Daniel S. Dickinson (1800-1866), New York
- Augustus C. Dodge (1812-1883), Iowa
- Henry Dodge (1782-1867), Wisconsin
- Stephen A. Douglas (1813-1861), Illinois
- Solomon W. Downs (1801-1854), Louisiana
- Franklin H. Elmore (1799-1850), South Carolina …appointed to fill vacancy, April 11, 1850, died May 29, 1850.
- Alpheus Felch (1804-1896), Michigan
- Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1802-1869), Alabama
- Henry S. Foote (1804-1880), Mississippi
- John C. Frémont (1813-1890), California …newly admitted state, elected September 9, 1850.
- William M. Gwin (1805-1885), California …newly admitted state, elected September 9, 1850.
- Hannibal Hamlin (1809-1891), Maine
- Samuel Houston (1793-1863), Texas
- Robert M.T. Hunter (1809-1887), Virginia
- George W. Jones (1804-1896), Iowa
- William R.D. King (1786-1853), Alabama
- David Levy (1810-1886), Florida
- James M. Mason (1798-1871), Virginia
- Moses J. Norris (1799-1855), New Hampshire
- Robert J. Rantoul (1805-1852), Massachusetts …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 1, 1851.
- Robert B. Rhett (1800-1876), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy, December 18, 1850.
- Thomas J. Rusk (1803-1857), Texas
- William K. Sebastian (1812-1865), Arkansas
- James Shields (1806/1810-1879), Illinois …seat declared vacant March 15, 1849, subsequently elected to fill vacancy October 27, 1849.
- Robert B. Smith (1800-1876), South Carolina
- Pierre Soulé (1801-1870), Louisiana
- Daniel Sturgeon (1789-1878), Pennsylvania
- Hopkins L. Turney (1797-1857), Tennessee
- Isaac P. Walker (1815-1872), Wisconsin
- James Whitcomb (1795-1852), Indiana
- David L. Yulee (1810-1886), Florida
[edit] Whig
- George E. Badger (1795-1866), North Carolina
- Roger S. Baldwin (1793-1863), Connecticut
- John Bell (1797-1869), Tennessee
- John M. Berrien (1781-1856), Georgia
- John H. Clarke (1789-1870), Rhode Island
- Henry Clay (1777-1852), Kentucky
- James Cooper (1810-1863), Pennsylvania
- Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), Ohio …resigned July 20, 1850.
- John Davis (1787-1854), Massachusetts
- John Davis (1787-1854), Massachusetts
- William C. Dawson (1798-1856), Georgia
- William L. Dayton (1807-1864), New Jersey
- Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), Ohio …appointed to fill vacancy, July 20, 1850.
- Albert C. Greene (1792-1863), Rhode Island
- Reverdy Johnson (1796-1876), Maryland …resigned March 7, 1849.
- Willie P. Mangum (1792-1861), North Carolina
- Jacob W. Miller (1800-1862), New Jersey
- Jackson Morton (1794-1874), Florida
- James A. Pearce (1805-1862), Maryland
- Samuel S. Phelps (1793-1855), Vermont
- Thomas G. Pratt (1804-1869), Maryland …elected to fill vacancy, January 12, 1850.
- William H. Seward (1801-1872), New York
- Truman Smith (1791-1884), Connecticut
- Presley Spruance (1785-1863), Delaware
- David Stewart (1800-1858), Maryland …appointed to fill vacancy, December 6, 1849.
- Joseph R. Underwood (1791-1876), Kentucky
- William Upham (1792-1853), Vermont
- John Wales (1783-1863), Delaware
- Daniel Webster (1782-1852), Massachusetts …resigned July 22, 1850.
- Robert C. Winthrop (1809-1894), Massachusetts …appointed to fill vacancy, July 30, 1850.
[edit] Free Soil
- Salmon P. Chase (1808-1873), Ohio
- John P. Hale (1806-1873), New Hampshire
[edit] House of Representatives
Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.
[edit] Democratic
- A-F
- Nathaniel Albertson (1800-1863), Indiana
- William S. Ashe (1814-1862), North Carolina
- Thomas H. Averett (1800-1855), Virginia
- William V. Bay (1818-1894), Missouri
- Thomas H. Bayly (1810-1856), Virginia
- James M.H. Beale (1786-1866), Virginia
- Kinsley S. Bingham (1808-1861), Michigan
- William H. Bissell (1811-1860), Illinois
- Thomas S. Bocock (1815-1891), Virginia
- Franklin W. Bowdon (1817-1857), Alabama
- James B. Bowlin (1804-1874), Missouri
- Linn Boyd (1800-1859), Kentucky
- John Brisbin (1818-1880), Pennsylvania …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 13, 1851.
- Albert G. Brown (1813-1880), Mississippi
- William J. Brown (1805-1857), Indiana
- Alexander W. Buel (1813-1868), Michigan
- Armistead Burt (1802-1883), South Carolina
- Joseph Cable (1801-1880), Ohio
- George A. Caldwell (1814-1866), Kentucky
- David K. Cartter (1812-1887), Ohio
- Chauncey F. Cleveland (1799-1887), Connecticut
- Howell Cobb (1815-1868), Georgia
- Williamson R.W. Cobb (1807-1864), Alabama
- William F. Colcock (1804-1889), South Carolina
- John R.J. Daniel (1802-1868), North Carolina
- Joel B. Danner (1804-1885), Pennsylvania …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1850.
- Rodolphus Dickinson (1797-1849), Ohio …died March 20, 1849.
- Milo M. Dimmick (1811-1872), Pennsylvania
- David T. Disney (1803-1857), Ohio
- James D. Doty (1799-1865), Wisconsin
- Cyrus L. Dunham (1817-1877), Indiana
- Henry A. Edmundson (1814-1890), Virginia
- Andrew Ewing (1813-1864), Tennessee
- Winfield S. Featherston (1820-1891), Mississippi
- Graham N. Fitch (1809-1892), Indiana
- Thomas J.D. Fuller (1808-1876), Maine
- Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886), Maine
- Edward Gilbert (1819c-1852), California …newly admitted state, seated September 11, 1850.
- Alfred Gilmore (1812-1890), Pennsylvania
- Willis A. Gorman (1816-1876), Indiana
- James S. Green (1817-1870), Missouri
- Thomas C. Hackett ( -1851), Georgia
- Willard P. Hall (1820-1882), Missouri
- William T. Hamilton (1820-1888), Maryland
- Edward Hammond (1812-1882), Maryland
- Hugh A. Haralson (1805-1854), Georgia
- Andrew J. Harlan (1815-1907), Indiana
- John H. Harmanson (1803-1850), Louisiana …died October 25, 1850.
- Isham G. Harris (1818-1897), Tennessee
- Sampson W. Harris (1809-1857), Alabama
- Thomas L. Harris (1816-1858), Illinois
- Harry Hibbard (1816-1872), New Hampshire
- Moses Hoagland (1812-1865), Ohio
- Alexander R. Holladay (1811-1877), Virginia
- Isaac E. Holmes (1796-1867), South Carolina
- Volney E. Howard (1809-1889), Texas
- David Hubbard (1792-1874), Alabama
- Samuel W. Inge (1817-1868), Alabama
- Joseph W. Jackson (1796-1854), Georgia …elected to fill vacancy, March 4, 1850.
- Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), Tennessee
- Robert W. Johnson (1814-1879), Arkansas
- George W. Jones (1806-1884), Tennessee
- David S. Kaufman (1813-1851), Texas …died January 31, 1851.
- Emile La Sére (1802-1882), Louisiana
- Shepherd Leffler (1811-1879), Iowa
- Nathaniel S. Littlefield (1804-1882), Maine
- M-R
- Job Mann (1795-1873), Pennsylvania
- John C. Mason (1802-1865), Kentucky
- John A. McClernand (1812-1900), Illinois
- Joseph E. McDonald (1819-1891), Indiana
- James McDowell (1795-1851), Virginia
- James X. McLanahan (1809-1861), Pennsylvania
- Robert M. McLane (1815-1898), Maryland
- Fayette McMullen (1805-1880), Virginia
- John McQueen (1804-1867), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress.
- William McWillie (1795-1869), Mississippi
- Richard K. Meade (1803-1862), Virginia
- John K. Miller (1819-1863), Ohio
- John S. Millson (1808-1874), Virginia
- Jonathan D. Morris (1804-1875), Ohio
- George W. Morrison (1809-1888), New Hampshire …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1850.
- Isaac E. Morse (1809-1866), Louisiana
- Alexander Newman (1804-1849), Virginia …died September 8, 1849.
- Edson B. Olds (1802-1869), Ohio
- James L. Orr (1822-1873), South Carolina
- Richard Parker (1810-1893), Virginia
- Charles H. Peaslee (1804-1866), New Hampshire
- Lucius B. Peck (1802-1866), Vermont
- Alexander G. Penn (1799-1866), Louisiana …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 30, 1850.
- John S. Phelps (1814-1886), Missouri
- Emery D. Potter (1804-1896), Ohio
- Paulus Powell (1809-1874), Virginia
- William A. Richardson (1811-1875), Illinois
- John Robbins (1808-1880), Pennsylvania
- John L. Robinson (1813-1860), Indiana
- Thomas Ross (1806-1865), Pennsylvania
- S-Z
- John H. Savage (1815-1904), Tennessee
- Cullen Sawtelle (1805-1887), Maine
- James A. Seddon (1815-1880), Virginia
- Frederick P. Stanton (1814-1894), Tennessee
- Richard H. Stanton (1812-1891), Kentucky
- Charles Stetson (1801-1863), Maine
- William Strong (1808-1895), Pennsylvania
- Charles Sweetser (1808-1864), Ohio
- James H. Thomas (1808-1876), Tennessee
- Jacob Thompson (1810-1885), Mississippi
- James Thompson (1806-1874), Pennsylvania
- William Thompson (1813-1897), Iowa …contested election, served until June 29, 1850.
- Abraham W. Venable (1799-1876), North Carolina
- Hiram Walden (1800-1880), New York
- Loren P. Waldo (1802-1881), Connecticut
- Daniel Wallace (1801-1859), South Carolina
- Marshall J. Wellborn (1808-1874), Georgia
- John Wentworth (1815-1888), Illinois
- William A. Whittlesey (1796-1866), Ohio
- Isaac Wildrick (1803-1892), New Jersey
- David Wilmot (1814-1868), Pennsylvania
- Amos E. Wood (1810-1850), Ohio …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1849, died November 19, 1850..
- Joseph A. Woodward (1806-1885), South Carolina
- Timothy R. Young (1811-1898), Illinois
[edit] Whig
- A-F
- Henry P. Alexander (1801-1867), New York
- William J. Alston (1800-1876), Alabama
- Josiah M. Anderson (1807-1861), Tennessee
- George R. Andrews (1808-1873), New York
- George Ashmun (1804-1870), Massachusetts
- Edward D. Baker (1811-1861), Illinois
- John Bell (1796-1869), Ohio …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 7, 1851.
- Henry Bennett (1808-1868), New York
- David A. Bokee (1805-1860), New York
- Richard J. Bowie (1807-1881), Maryland
- Daniel Breck (1788-1871), Kentucky
- George Briggs (1805-1869), New York
- James Brooks (1810-1873), New York
- Henry A. Bullard (1788-1851), Louisiana …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5, 1850.
- Lorenzo Burrows (1805-1885), New York
- Chester P. Butler (1798-1850), Pennsylvania …died October 5, 1850.
- Thomas B. Butler (1806-1873), Connecticut
- Edward C. Cabell (1816-1896), Florida
- Joseph P. Caldwell (1808-1853), North Carolina
- Samuel Calvin (1811-1890), Pennsylvania
- Lewis D. Campbell (1811-1882), Ohio
- Joseph Casey (1814-1879), Pennsylvania
- Joseph R. Chandler (1792-1880), Pennsylvania
- Charles E. Clarke (1790-1863), New York
- Thomas L. Clingman (1812-1897), North Carolina
- Orsamus Cole (1819-1903), Wisconsin
- Harmon S. Conger (1816-1882), New York
- Charles M. Conrad (1804-1878), Louisiana …resigned August 17, 1850.
- Moses B. Corwin (1790-1872), Ohio
- John Crowell (1801-1883), Ohio
- Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), North Carolina
- Jesse C. Dickey (1808-1890), Pennsylvania
- Nathan F. Dixon (1812-1881), Rhode Island
- William Duer (1805-1879), New York
- James H. Duncan (1793-1869), Massachusetts
- Samuel A. Eliot (1798-1862), Massachusetts …elected to fill vacancy, seated August 22, 1850.
- Alexander Evans (1818-1888), Maryland
- Nathan Evans (1804-1879), Ohio
- Orin Fowler (1791-1852), Massachusetts
- John Freedley (1793-1851), Pennsylvania
- G-L
- Meredith P. Gentry (1809-1866), Tennessee
- Rufus K. Goodenow (1790-1863), Maine
- Daniel Gott (1794-1864), New York
- Herman D. Gould (1799-1852), New York
- Joseph Grinnell (1788-1885), Massachusetts
- Ransom Halloway (1793c-1851), New York
- Moses Hampton (1803-1878), Pennsylvania
- Andrew K. Hay (1809-1881), New Jersey
- Thomas S. Haymond (1794-1869), Virginia …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1849.
- William Hebard (1800-1875), Vermont
- William Henry (1788-1861), Vermont
- Henry W. Hilliard (1808-1892), Alabama
- John W. Houston (1814-1896), Delaware
- William F. Hunter (1808-1874), Ohio
- William T. Jackson (1794-1882), New York
- James L. Johnson (1818-1877), Kentucky
- John B. Kerr (1809-1878), Maryland
- Daniel P. King (1801-1850), Massachusetts …died July 25, 1850.
- George G. King (1807-1870), Rhode Island
- James G. King (1791-1853), New Jersey
- John A. King (1788-1867), New York
- Thomas B. King (1800-1864), Georgia …resigned in 1850.
- M-R
- Horace Mann (1796-1859), Massachusetts
- George P. Marsh (1801-1882), Vermont …resigned in 1849.
- Humphrey Marshall (1812-1872), Kentucky
- Orsamus B. Matteson (1805-1889), New York
- Edward W. McGaughey (1817-1852), Indiana
- Thomas McKissock (1790-1866), New York
- Finis E. McLean (1806-1881), Kentucky
- James Meacham (1810-1856), Vermont …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1849.
- Daniel F. Miller (1814-1895), Iowa …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 20, 1850.
- Henry D. Moore (1817-1887), Pennsylvania
- Charles S. Morehead (1802-1868), Kentucky
- Jeremiah Morton (1799-1878), Virginia
- William Nelson (1784-1869), New York
- Henry Nes (1799-1850), Pennsylvania …died September 10, 1850.
- William A. Newell (1817-1901), New Jersey
- Andrew J. Ogle (1822-1852), Pennsylvania
- John Otis (1801-1856), Maine
- David Outlaw (1806-1868), North Carolina
- Allen F. Owen (1816-1865), Georgia
- Jonas P. Phoenix (1788-1859), New York
- Charles W. Pitman ( -1871), Pennsylvania
- Harvey Putnam (1793-1855), New York
- Robert R. Reed (1807-1864), Pennsylvania
- Gideon Reynolds (1813-1896), New York
- Elijah Risley (1787-1870), New York
- Julius Rockwell (1805-1888), Massachusetts
- Robert L. Rose (1804-1877), New York
- David Rumsey (1810-1883), New York
- S-Z
- William A. Sackett (1811-1895), New York
- Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), Ohio
- Abraham M. Schermerhorn (1791-1855), New York
- John L. Schoolcraft (1804-1860), New York
- Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), North Carolina
- Peter H. Silvester (1807-1882), New York
- Elbridge G. Spaulding (1809-1897), New York
- William Sprague (1809-1868), Michigan
- Edward Stanly (1810-1872), North Carolina
- Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883), Georgia
- Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), Pennsylvania
- John L. Taylor (1805-1870), Ohio
- John B. Thompson (1810-1874), Kentucky
- John R. Thurman (1814-1854), New York
- Robert A. Toombs (1810-1885), Georgia
- Walter Underhill (1795-1866), New York
- John Van Dyke (1807-1878), New Jersey
- Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), Ohio
- Albert G. Watkins (1818-1895), Tennessee
- Hugh White (1798-1870), New York
- Christopher H. Williams (1798-1857), Tennessee
- James Wilson (1797-1881), New Hampshire …resigned September 9, 1850.
[edit] Free Soil
- Charles Allen (1797-1869), Massachusetts
- Walter Booth (1791-1870), Connecticut
- Charles Durkee (1805-1870), Wisconsin
- Joshua R. Giddings (1795-1864), Ohio
- John W. Howe (1801-1873), Pennsylvania
- George W. Julian (1817-1899), Indiana
- Preston King (1806-1865), New York
- Joseph M. Root (1807-1879), Ohio
- Amos Tuck (1810-1879), New Hampshire
[edit] American
- Lewis C. Levin (1808-1860), Pennsylvania
[edit] Independent
- George W. Wright (1816-1885), California …newly admitted state, seated September 11, 1850.
[edit] References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
[edit] External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]
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