29th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Twenty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1847, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President James K. Polk.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1845 - March 3, 1847

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1845 - March 20, 1845
• First session: December 1, 1845 - August 10, 1846
• Second session: December 7, 1846 - March 3, 1847 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 28th Congress
Next congress: 30th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1845; Events of 1846; Events of 1847

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 29th Congress

• July 30, 1846 - Walker tariff, ch. 74, 9 Stat. 42

[edit] Party summary

Florida, Texas and Iowa were newly admitted to the Union and first represented as states in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 34 (majority)
• Whig: 22
• vacant: 2

TOTAL members: 58

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 142 (majority)
• Whig: 79
• American: 6
• vacant: 1

TOTAL members: 228

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • George M. Dallas, Democrat of Pennsylvania
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Willie P. Mangum, Whig of North Carolina, elected December 4, 1845
  • Ambrose Hundley Sevier, Democratic of Arkansas, elected December 27, 1845
  • David R. Atchison, Democratic of Missouri, elected August 8, 1846

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • John W. Davis, Democratic of Indiana, elected December 1, 1845

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 29th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 29th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1844

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1850; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.

Alabama

• 3. Arthur P. Bagby (Dem.)
• 2. Dixon H. Lewis (Dem.)

Arkansas

• 3. Ambrose H. Sevier (Dem.)
• 2. Chester Ashley (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 1. Jabez W. Huntington (Whig)
• 3. John M. Niles (Dem.)

Delaware

• 2. Thomas Clayton (Whig)
• 1. John M. Clayton (Whig)

Florida

• 1. David L. Yulee (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated July 1, 1845.
• 3. James D. Westcott, Jr. (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated July 1, 1845.

Georgia

• 2. John M. Berrien (Whig) …resigned May 1845, elected to fill vacancy, seated November 14, 1845.
• 3. Walter T. Colquitt (Dem.)

Illinois

• 3. Sidney Breese (Dem.)
• 2. James Semple (Dem.)

Indiana

• 3. Edward A. Hannegan (Dem.)
• 1. Jesse D. Bright (Dem.)

Iowa

• vacant
• vacant

Kentucky

• 2. James T. Morehead (Whig)
• 3. John J. Crittenden (Whig)

Louisiana

• 2. Alexander Barrow (Whig) …died December 29, 1846.

  Pierre Soulé (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 21, 1847.

• 3. Henry Johnson (Whig)

Maine

• 2. George Evans (Whig)
• 1. John Fairfield (Dem.)

Maryland

• 3. James A. Pearce (Whig)
• 1. Reverdy Johnson (Whig)

Massachusetts

• 2. Isaac C. Bates (Whig) …died March 16, 1845.

  John Davis (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, March 24, 1845.

• 1. Daniel Webster (Whig)

Michigan

• 2. William Woodbridge (Whig)
• 1. Lewis Cass (Dem.)

Mississippi

• 2. Robert J. Walker (Dem.) …resigned March 5, 1845.

  Joseph W. Chalmers (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 3, 1845.

• 1. Jesse Speight (Dem.)

Missouri

• 1. Thomas Hart Benton (Dem.)
• 3. David R. Atchison (Dem.)

New Hampshire

• 2. Levi Woodbury (Dem.) …resigned November 20, 1845.

  Benning W. Jenness (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, December 1, 1845.

  Joseph Cilley (Liberty) …elected to fill vacancy, June 13, 1846.

• 3. Charles G. Atherton (Dem.)

New Jersey

• 2. Jacob W. Miller (Whig)
• 1. William L. Dayton (Whig)

New York

• 1. Daniel S. Dickinson (Dem.)
• 3. John A. Dix (Dem.)

North Carolina

• 2. Willie P. Mangum (Whig)
• 3. William H. Haywood, Jr. (Dem.) …resigned July 25, 1846.

  George E. Badger (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, November 25, 1846.

Ohio

• 3. William Allen (Dem.)
• 1. Thomas Corwin (Whig)

Pennsylvania

• 3. James Buchanan (Dem.) …resigned March 5, 1845.

  Simon Cameron (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, March 13, 1845.

• 1. Daniel Sturgeon (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 2. James F. Simmons (Whig)
• 1. Albert C. Greene (Whig)

South Carolina

• 3. George McDuffie (Dem.) …resigned August 17, 1846.

  Andrew P. Butler (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 4, 1846.

• 2. John C. Calhoun (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy in class, November 26, 1845.

Tennessee

• 2. Spencer Jarnagin (Whig)
• 1. Hopkins L. Turney (Dem.)

Texas

• 2. Samuel Houston (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated February 21, 1846.
• 1. Thomas J. Rusk (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated February 21, 1846.

Vermont

• 1. Samuel S. Phelps (Whig)
• 3. William Upham (Whig)

Virginia

• 2. William S. Archer (Whig)
• 1. Isaac S. Pennybacker (Dem.) …elected December 3, 1845, died January 12, 1847.

  James M. Mason (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 21, 1847.

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• 1. Edmund S. Dargan (Dem.)
• 2. Henry W. Hilliard (Whig)
• 3. William L. Yancey (Dem.) …resigned September 1, 1846.

  James L. Cottrell (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1846.

• 4. William W. Payne (Dem.)
• 5. George S. Houston (Dem.)
• 6. Reuben Chapman (Dem.)
• 7. Felix G. McConnell (Dem.) …died September 10, 1846.

  Franklin W. Bowdon (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1846.

Arkansas

• A/L. Archibald Yell (Dem.) …resigned July 1, 1846.

  Thomas W. Newton (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 6, 1847.

Connecticut

• 1. James Dixon (Whig)
• 2. Samuel D. Hubbard (Whig)
• 3. John A. Rockwell (Whig)
• 4. Truman Smith (Whig)

Delaware

• A/L. John W. Houston (Whig)

Florida

• A/L. Edward C. Cabell (Whig) …contested election, served until January 24, 1846.

  William H. Brockenbrough (Dem.) …contested election, seated January 24, 1846.

Georgia

• 1. Thomas B. King (Whig)
• 2. Seaborn Jones (Dem.)
• 3. George W.B. Towns (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 27, 1846.
• 4. Hugh A. Haralson (Dem.)
• 5. John H. Lumpkin (Dem.)
• 6. Howell Cobb (Dem.)
• 7. Alexander H. Stephens (Whig)
• 8. Robert A. Toombs (Whig)

Illinois

• 1. Robert Smith (Dem.)
• 2. John A. McClernand (Dem.)
• 3. Orlando B. Ficklin (Dem.)
• 4. John Wentworth (Dem.)
• 5. Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.)
• 6. Joseph P. Hoge (Dem.)
• 7. Edward D. Baker (Whig) …resigned December 30, 1846.

  John Henry (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 5, 1847.

Indiana

• 1. Robert D. Owen (Dem.)
• 2. Thomas J. Henley (Dem.)
• 3. Thomas Smith (Dem.)
• 4. Caleb B. Smith (Whig)
• 5. William W. Wick (Dem.)
• 6. John W. Davis (Dem.)
• 7. Edward W. McGaughey (Whig)
• 8. John Pettit (Dem.)
• 9. Charles W. Cathcart (Dem.)
• 10. Andrew Kennedy (Dem.)

Iowa ^[1]

• A/L. Serranus C. Hastings (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated December 29, 1846.
• A/L. Shepherd Leffler (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated December 29, 1846.

Kentucky

• 1. Linn Boyd (Dem.)
• 2. John H. McHenry (Whig)
• 3. Henry Grider (Whig)
• 4. Joshua F. Bell (Whig)
• 5. Bryan R. Young (Whig)
• 6. John P. Martin (Dem.)
• 7. William P. Thomasson (Whig)
• 8. Garrett Davis (Whig)
• 9. Andrew Trumbo (Whig)
• 10. John W. Tibbatts (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 1. John Slidell (Dem.) …resigned November 10, 1845.

  Emile La Sére (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 29, 1846.

• 2. Bannon G. Thibodeaux (Whig)
• 3. John H. Harmanson (Dem.)
• 4. Isaac E. Morse (Dem.)

Maine

• 1. John F. Scamman (Dem.)
• 2. Robert P. Dunlap (Dem.)
• 3. Luther Severance (Whig)
• 4. John D. McCrate (Dem.)
• 5. Cullen Sawtelle (Dem.)
• 6. Hannibal Hamlin (Dem.)
• 7. Hezekiah Williams (Dem.)

Maryland

• 1. John G. Chapman (Whig)
• 2. Thomas J. Perry (Dem.)
• 3. Thomas W. Ligon (Dem.)
• 4. William F. Giles (Dem.)
• 5. Albert Constable (Dem.)
• 6. Edward H.C. Long (Whig)

Massachusetts

• 1. Robert C. Winthrop (Whig)
• 2. Daniel P. King (Whig)
• 3. Amos Abbott (Whig)
• 4. Benjamin Thompson (Whig)
• 5. Charles Hudson (Whig)
• 6. George Ashmun (Whig)
• 7. Julius Rockwell (Whig)
• 8. John Quincy Adams (Whig)
• 9. Artemas Hale (Whig)
• 10. Joseph Grinnell (Whig)

Michigan

• 1. Robert McClelland (Dem.)
• 2. John S. Chipman (Dem.)
• 3. James B. Hunt (Dem.)

Mississippi ^[2]

• A/L. Stephen Adams (Dem.)
• A/L. Jefferson Davis (Dem.) …resigned June 1846.

  Henry T. Ellett (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 26, 1847.

• A/L. Robert W. Roberts (Dem.)
• A/L. Jacob Thompson (Dem.)

Missouri ^[3]

• A/L. James B. Bowlin (Dem.)
• A/L. John S. Phelps (Dem.)
• A/L. Sterling Price (Dem.) …resigned August 12, 1846.

  William McDaniel (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1846.

• A/L. James H. Relfe (Dem.)
• A/L. Leonard H. Sims (Dem.)

New Hampshire ^[4]

• A/L. James H. Johnson (Dem.)
• A/L. Mace Moulton (Dem.)
• A/L. Moses Norris, Jr. (Dem.)
• A/L. vacant

New Jersey

• 1. James G. Hampton (Whig)
• 2. Samuel G. Wright (Whig) …died July 30, 1845, before Congress assembled.

  George Sykes (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1, 1845.

• 3. John Runk (Whig)
• 4. Joseph E. Edsall (Dem.)
• 5. William Wright (Whig)

New York

• 1. John W. Lawrence (Dem.)
• 2. Henry J. Seaman (American
• 3. William S. Miller (American
• 4. William B. Maclay (Dem.)
• 5. Thomas M. Woodruff (American
• 6. William W. Campbell (American
• 7. Joseph H. Anderson (Dem.)
• 8. William W. Woodworth (Dem.)
• 9. Archibald C. Niven (Dem.)
• 10. Samuel Gordon (Dem.)
• 11. John F. Collin (Dem.)
• 12. Richard P. Herrick (Whig) …died June 20, 1846.

  Thomas C. Ripley (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1846.

• 13. Bradford R. Wood (Dem.)
• 14. Erastus D. Culver (Whig)
• 15. Joseph Russell (Dem.)
• 16. Hugh White (Whig)
• 17. Charles S. Benton (Dem.)
• 18. Preston King (Dem.)
• 19. Orville Hungerford (Dem.)
• 20. Timothy Jenkins (Dem.)
• 21. Charles Goodyear (Dem.)
• 22. Stephen Strong (Dem.)
• 23. William J. Hough (Dem.)
• 24. Horace Wheaton (Dem.)
• 25. George O. Rathbun (Dem.)
• 26. Samuel S. Ellsworth (Dem.)
• 27. John De Mott (Dem.)
• 28. Elias B. Holmes (Whig)
• 29. Charles H. Carroll (Whig)
• 30. Martin Grover (Dem.)
• 31. Abner Lewis (Whig)
• 32. William A. Moseley (Whig)
• 33. Albert Smith (Whig)
• 34. Washington Hunt (Whig)

North Carolina

• 1. James Graham (Whig)
• 2. Daniel M. Barringer (Whig)
• 3. David S. Reid (Dem.)
• 4. Alfred Dockery (Whig)
• 5. James C. Dobbin (Dem.)
• 6. James I. McKay (Dem.)
• 7. John R.J. Daniel (Dem.)
• 8. Henry S. Clark (Dem.)
• 9. Asa Biggs (Dem.)

Ohio

• 1. James J. Faran (Dem.)
• 2. Francis A. Cunningham (Dem.)
• 3. Robert C. Schenck (Whig)
• 4. Joseph Vance (Whig)
• 5. William Sawyer (Dem.)
• 6. Henry St. John (Dem.)
• 7. Joseph J. McDowell (Dem.)
• 8. Allen G. Thurman (Dem.)
• 9. Augustus L. Perrill (Dem.)
• 10. Columbus Delano (Whig)
• 11. Jacob Brinkerhoff (Dem.)
• 12. Samuel F. Vinton (Whig)
• 13. Isaac Parrish (Dem.)
• 14. Alexander Harper (Whig)
• 15. Joseph Morris (Dem.)
• 16. John D. Cummins (Dem.)
• 17. George Fries (Dem.)
• 18. David A. Starkweather (Dem.)
• 19. Daniel R. Tilden (Whig)
• 20. Joshua R. Giddings (Whig)
• 21. Joseph M. Root (Whig)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Lewis C. Levin (American
• 2. Joseph R. Ingersoll (Whig)
• 3. John H. Campbell (American
• 4. Charles J. Ingersoll (Dem.)
• 5. Jacob S. Yost (Dem.)
• 6. Jacob Erdman (Dem.)
• 7. Abraham R. McIlvaine (Whig)
• 8. John Strohm (Whig)
• 9. John Ritter (Dem.)
• 10. Richard Brodhead (Dem.)
• 11. Owen D. Leib (Dem.)
• 12. David Wilmot (Dem.)
• 13. James Pollock (Whig)
• 14. Alexander Ramsey (Whig)
• 15. Moses McClean (Dem.)
• 16. James Black (Dem.)
• 17. John Blanchard (Whig)
• 18. Andrew Stewart (Whig)
• 19. Henry D. Foster (Dem.)
• 20. John H. Ewing (Whig)
• 21. Cornelius Darragh (Whig)
• 22. William S. Garvin (Dem.)
• 23. James Thompson (Dem.)
• 24. Joseph Buffington (Whig)

Rhode Island

• 1. Henry Y. Cranston (Whig)
• 2. Lemuel H. Arnold (Whig)

South Carolina

• 1. James A. Black (Dem.)
• 1. Robert B. Smith (Dem.)
• 2. Richard F. Simpson (Dem.)
• 3. Joseph A. Woodward (Dem.)
• 4. Alexander D. Sims (Dem.)
• 5. Armistead Burt (Dem.)
• 6. Isaac E. Holmes (Dem.)
• 7. Robert B. Rhett (Dem.)

Tennessee

• 1. Andrew Johnson (Dem.)
• 2. William M. Cocke (Whig)
• 3. John H. Crozier (Whig)
• 4. Alvan Cullom (Dem.)
• 5. George W. Jones (Dem.)
• 6. Barclay Martin (Dem.)
• 7. Meredith P. Gentry (Whig)
• 8. Joseph H. Peyton (Whig) …died November 12, 1845, before Congress assembled.

  Edwin H. Ewing (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, January 2, 1846.

• 9. Lucien B. Chase (Dem.)
• 10. Frederick P. Stanton (Dem.)
• 11. Milton Brown (Whig)

Texas

• 1. David S. Kaufman (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated June 1, 1846.
• 2. Timothy Pilsbury (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated June 10, 1846.

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (Whig)
• 2. Jacob Collamer (Whig)
• 3. George P. Marsh (Whig)
• 4. Paul Dillingham, Jr. (Dem.)

Virginia

• 1. Archibald Atkinson (Dem.)
• 2. George Dromgoole (Dem.)
• 3. William M. Tredway (Dem.)
• 4. Edmund W. Hubard (Dem.)
• 5. Shelton Leake (Dem.)
• 6. James A. Seddon (Dem.)
• 7. Thomas H. Bayly (Dem.)
• 8. Robert M.T. Hunter (Dem.)
• 9. John Pendleton (Whig)
• 10. Henry Bedinger (Dem.)
• 11. William Taylor (Dem.) …died January 17, 1846.

  James McDowell (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated March 6, 1846.

• 12. Augustus A. Chapman (Dem.)
• 13. George W. Hopkins (Dem.)
• 14. Joseph Johnson (Dem.)
• 15. William G. Brown (Dem.)

[edit] Delegates

Iowa Territory

• A/L. Augustus C. Dodge (Dem.) …served until December 28, 1846.

Wisconsin Territory

• A/L. Morgan L. Martin (Dem.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 29th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 8
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Whig: no net change

• deaths: 3
• resignations: 6
• interim appointments: 1
• seats of newly admitted states: 4
• Total seats with changes: 14

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 12
  • Democratic: 1 seat net gain
  • Whig: 1seat net loss

• deaths: 5
• resignations: 6
• contested election: 1
• seats of newly admitted states: 4

• Total seats with changes: 17

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12, 1836
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • Edward Dyer of Maryland, elected March 8, 1841, died September 8, 1845
  • Robert Beale of Virginia, elected December 9, 1845
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Septimus Tustin Presbyterian, elected June 12, 1841
  • The Rev. Henry Slicer Methodist, elected December 16, 1846

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Benjamin B. French of New Hampshire, elected December 2, 1845
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Newton Lane of Kentucky, elected December 2, 1845
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Cornelius C. Whitney of District of Columbia, elected December 2, 1845
• Postmaster of the House:
  • John M. Johnson of Virginia, elected December 2, 1845
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. William H. Milburn Methodist, elected December 1, 1845
  • The Rev. William T.S. Sprole, ’’Presbyterian’’, elected December 7, 1846

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
2. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
3. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
4. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

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