28th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Twenty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1843 to March 3, 1845, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President John Tyler.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Whig majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1843 - March 3, 1845

• First session: December 4, 1843 - June 17, 1844
• Second session: December 2, 1844 - March 3, 1845 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 27th Congress
Next congress: 29th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1843; Events of 1844; Events of 1845

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 28th Congress

[edit] Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 23
• Whig: 29 (majority)

TOTAL members: 52

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 147 (majority)
• Whig: 72
• Law and Order: 2
• Independent Democrat: 1
• Independent Whig: 1

TOTAL members: 223

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • vacant
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Willie P. Mangum, Whig of North Carolina, elected December 4, 1843

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • John W. Jones, Democrat of Virginia, elected December 4, 1843

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 28th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 28th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1842

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.

Alabama

• 2. William R.D. King (Dem.) …resigned April 14, 1844.

  Dixon H. Lewis (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, April 22, 1844, subsequently elected.

• 3. Arthur P. Bagby (Dem.)

Arkansas

• 2. William S. Fulton (Dem.) …died August 15, 1844.

  Chester Ashley (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 8, 1844.

• 3. Ambrose H. Sevier (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 1. Jabez W. Huntington (Whig)
• 3. John M. Niles (Dem.)

Delaware

• 1. Richard H. Bayard (Whig)
• 2. Thomas Clayton (Whig)

Georgia

• 2. John M. Berrien (Whig)
• 3. Walter T. Colquitt (Dem.)

Illinois

• 2. Samuel McRoberts (Dem.) …died March 27, 1843.

  James Semple (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, August 16, 1843, subsequently elected.

• 3. Sidney Breese (Dem.)

Indiana

• 1. Albert S. White (Whig)
• 3. Edward A. Hannegan (Dem.)

Kentucky

• 2. James T. Morehead (Whig)
• 3. John J. Crittenden (Whig)

Louisiana

• 2. Alexander Barrow (Whig)
• 3. Henry Johnson (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy in class, February 12, 1844.

Maine

• 2. George Evans (Whig)
• 1. John Fairfield (Dem.)

Maryland

• 1. William D. Merrick (Whig)
• 3. James A. Pearce (Whig)

Massachusetts

• 2. Isaac C. Bates (Whig)
• 1. Rufus Choate (Whig)

Michigan

• 1. Augustus S. Porter (Whig)
• 2. William Woodbridge (Whig)

Mississippi

• 2. Robert J. Walker (Dem.)
• 1. John Henderson (Whig)

Missouri

• 1. Thomas Hart Benton (Dem.)
• 3. Lewis F. Linn (Dem.) …died October 3, 1843.

  David R. Atchison (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1844.

New Hampshire

• 2. Levi Woodbury (Dem.)
• 3. Charles G. Atherton (Dem.)

New Jersey

• 2. Jacob W. Miller (Whig)
• 1. William L. Dayton (Whig)

New York

• 3. Silas Wright, Jr. (Dem.) …resigned November 26, 1844.

  Henry A. Foster (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, November 30, 1844.

  John A. Dix (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 18, 1845.

• 1. Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (Whig) …resigned June 17, 1844.

  Daniel S. Dickinson (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, November 30, 1844.

North Carolina

• 2. Willie P. Mangum (Whig)
• 3. William H. Haywood, Jr. (Dem.)

Ohio

• 3. William Allen (Dem.)
• 1. Benjamin Tappan (Dem.)

Pennsylvania

• 3. James Buchanan (Dem.)
• 1. Daniel Sturgeon (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 2. James F. Simmons (Whig)
• 1. William Sprague (Whig) …resigned January 17, 1844.

  John B. Francis (Law and Order) …elected to fill vacancy, January 25, 1844.

South Carolina

• 3. George McDuffie (Dem.)
• 2. Daniel E. Huger (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, March 4, 1843, resigned March 3, 1845.

Tennessee

• 1. Ephraim H. Foster (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy in class, October 17, 1843.
• 2. Spencer Jarnagin (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, October 17, 1843.

Vermont

• 1. Samuel S. Phelps (Whig)
• 3. William Upham (Whig)

Virginia

• 1. William C. Rives (Whig)
• 2. William S. Archer (Whig)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• 1. James Dellet (Whig)
• 2. James E. Belser (Dem.)
• 3. Dixon H. Lewis (Dem.) …resigned April 22, 1844.

  William L. Yancey (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1844.

• 4. William W. Payne (Dem.)
• 5. George S. Houston (Dem.)
• 6. Reuben Chapman (Dem.)
• 7. Felix G. McConnell (Dem.)

Arkansas

• A/L. Edward Cross (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 1. Thomas H. Seymour (Dem.)
• 2. John Stewart (Dem.)
• 3. George S. Catlin (Dem.)
• 4. Samuel Simons (Dem.)

Delaware

• A/L. George B. Rodney (Whig)

Georgia ^[1]

• A/L. Edward J. Black (Dem.)
• A/L. Howell Cobb (Dem.)
• A/L. Mark A. Cooper (Dem.) …resigned April 14, 1844.

  Alexander H. Stephens (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1843.

• A/L. Hugh A. Haralson (Dem.)
• A/L. John B. Lamar (Dem.) …resigned July 29, 1843, before Congress assembled.

  Absalom H. Chappell (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1843.

• A/L. John H. Lumpkin (Dem.)
• A/L. John Millen (Dem.) …died October 15, 1843, before Congress assembled.

  Duncan L. Clinch (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 15, 1844.

• A/L. William H. Stiles (Dem.)

Illinois

• 1. Robert Smith (Dem.)
• 2. John A. McClernand (Dem.)
• 3. Orlando B. Ficklin (Dem.)
• 4. John Wentworth (Dem.)
• 5. Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.)
• 6. Joseph P. Hoge (Dem.)
• 7. John J. Hardin (Whig)

Indiana

• 1. Robert D. Owen (Dem.)
• 2. Thomas J. Henley (Dem.)
• 3. Thomas Smith (Dem.)
• 4. Caleb B. Smith (Whig)
• 5. William J. Brown (Dem.)
• 6. John W. Davis (Dem.)
• 7. Joseph A. Wright (Dem.)
• 8. John Pettit (Dem.)
• 9. Samuel C. Sample (Whig)
• 10. Andrew Kennedy (Dem.)

Kentucky

• 1. Linn Boyd (Dem.)
• 2. Willis Green (Whig)
• 3. Henry Grider (Whig)
• 4. George A. Caldwell (Dem.)
• 5. James W. Stone (Dem.)
• 6. John White (Whig)
• 7. William P. Thomasson (Whig)
• 8. Garrett Davis (Whig)
• 9. Richard French (Dem.)
• 10. John W. Tibbatts (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 1. John Slidell (Dem.)
• 2. Alcée L. La Branche (Dem.)
• 3. John B. Dawson (Dem.)
• 4. Pierre J.B.E. Bossier (Dem.) …died April 24, 1844.

  Isaac E. Morse (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1844.

Maine

• 1. Joshua Herrick (Dem.)
• 2. Robert P. Dunlap (Dem.)
• 3. Luther Severance (Whig)
• 4. Freeman H. Morse (Whig)
• 5. Benjamin White (Dem.) …seated December 2, 1844.
• 6. Hannibal Hamlin (Dem.)
• 7. Shepard Cary (Dem.) …seated May 10, 1844.

Maryland

• 1. John M.S. Causin (Whig)
• 2. Francis Brengle (Whig)
• 3. John Wethered (Whig)
• 4. John P. Kennedy (Whig)
• 5. Jacob A. Preston (Whig)
• 6. Thomas A. Spence (Whig)

Massachusetts

• 1. Robert C. Winthrop (Whig)
• 2. Daniel P. King (Whig)
• 3. Amos Abbott (Whig)
• 4. William Parmenter (Dem.)
• 5. Charles Hudson (Whig)
• 6. Osmyn Baker (Whig)
• 7. Julius Rockwell (Whig)
• 8. John Quincy Adams (Whig)
• 9. Henry Williams (Dem.)
• 10. Barker Burnell (Whig) …died June 15, 1843, before Congress assembled.

  Joseph Grinnell (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1843.

Michigan

• 1. Robert McClelland (Dem.)
• 2. Lucius Lyon (Dem.)
• 3. James B. Hunt (Dem.)

Mississippi ^[2]

• A/L. William H. Hammett (Dem.)
• A/L. Robert W. Roberts (Dem.)
• A/L. Jacob Thompson (Dem.)
• A/L. Tilghman M. Tucker (Dem.)

Missouri ^[3]

• A/L. Gustavus M. Bower (Dem.)
• A/L. James B. Bowlin (Dem.)
• A/L. James M. Hughes (Dem.)
• A/L. John Jameson (Dem.)
• A/L. James H. Relfe (Dem.)

New Hampshire ^[4]

• A/L. Edmund Burke (Dem.)
• A/L. John P. Hale (Dem.)
• A/L. Moses Norris, Jr. (Dem.)
• A/L. John R. Reding (Dem.)

New Jersey ^[5]

• 1. Lucius Q.C. Elmer (Dem.)
• 2. George Sykes (Dem.)
• 3. Isaac G. Farlee (Dem.)
• 4. Littleton Kirkpatrick (Dem.)
• 5. William Wright (Whig)

New York

• 1. Selah B. Strong (Dem.)
• 2. Henry C. Murphy (Dem.)
• 3. Jonas P. Phoenix (Whig)
• 4. William B. Maclay (Dem.)
• 5. Moses G. Leonard (Dem.)
• 6. Hamilton Fish (Whig)
• 7. Joseph H. Anderson (Dem.)
• 8. Richard D. Davis (Dem.)
• 9. James G. Clinton (Dem.)
• 10. Jeremiah Russell (Dem.)
• 11. Zadock Pratt (Dem.)
• 12. David L. Seymour (Dem.)
• 13. Daniel D. Barnard (Whig)
• 14. Charles Rogers (Whig)
• 15. Lemuel Stetson (Dem.)
• 16. Chesselden Ellis (Dem.)
• 17. Charles S. Benton (Dem.)
• 18. Preston King (Dem.)
• 19. Orville Hungerford (Dem.)
• 20. Samuel Beardsley (Dem.) …resigned March 6, 1844.

  Levi D. Carpenter (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1844.

• 21. Jeremiah E. Cary (Dem.)
• 22. Smith M. Purdy (Dem.)
• 23. Orville Robinson (Dem.)
• 24. Horace Wheaton (Dem.)
• 25. George O. Rathbun (Dem.)
• 26. Amasa Dana (Dem.)
• 27. Byram Green (Dem.)
• 28. Thomas J. Patterson (Whig)
• 29. Charles H. Carroll (Whig)
• 30. William S. Hubbell (Dem.)
• 31. Asher Tyler (Whig)
• 32. William A. Moseley (Whig)
• 33. Albert Smith (Whig)
• 34. Washington Hunt (Whig)

North Carolina

• 1. Thomas L. Clingman (Whig)
• 2. Daniel M. Barringer (Whig)
• 3. David S. Reid (Dem.)
• 4. Edmund Deberry (Whig)
• 5. Romulus M. Saunders (Dem.)
• 6. James I. McKay (Dem.)
• 7. John R.J. Daniel (Dem.)
• 8. Archibald H. Arrington (Dem.)
• 9. Kenneth Rayner (Whig)

Ohio

• 1. Alexander Duncan (Dem.)
• 2. John B. Weller (Dem.)
• 3. Robert C. Schenck (Whig)
• 4. Joseph Vance (Whig)
• 5. Emery D. Potter (Dem.)
• 6. Henry St. John (Dem.)
• 7. Joseph J. McDowell (Dem.)
• 8. John I. Vanmeter (Whig)
• 9. Elias Florence (Whig)
• 10. Heman A. Moore (Dem.) …died April 3, 1844.

  Alfred P. Stone (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1844.

• 11. Jacob Brinkerhoff (Dem.)
• 12. Samuel F. Vinton (Whig)
• 13. Perley B. Johnson (Whig)
• 14. Alexander Harper (Whig)
• 15. Joseph Morris (Dem.)
• 16. James Mathews (Dem.)
• 17. William C. McCauslen (Dem.)
• 18. Ezra Dean (Dem.)
• 19. Daniel R. Tilden (Whig)
• 20. Joshua R. Giddings (Whig)
• 21. Henry R. Brinkerhoff (Dem.) …died April 30, 1844.

  Edward S. Hamlin (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1844.

Pennsylvania

• 1. Edward J. Morris (Whig)
• 2. Joseph R. Ingersoll (Whig)
• 3. John T. Smith (Dem.)
• 4. Charles J. Ingersoll (Dem.)
• 5. Jacob S. Yost (Dem.)
• 6. Michael H. Jenks (Whig)
• 7. Abraham R. McIlvaine (Whig)
• 8. Jeremiah Brown (Whig)
• 9. John Ritter (Dem.)
• 10. Richard Brodhead (Dem.)
• 11. Benjamin A. Bidlack (Dem.)
• 12. Almon H. Read (Dem.) …died June 3, 1844.

  George Fuller (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1844.

• 13. Henry Frick (Whig) …died March 1, 1844.

  James Pollock (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated April 23, 1844.

• 14. Alexander Ramsey (Whig)
• 15. Henry Nes (Independent Dem.)
• 16. James Black (Dem.)
• 17. James Irvin (Whig)
• 18. Andrew Stewart (Whig)
• 19. Henry D. Foster (Dem.)
• 20. John Dickey (Whig)
• 21. William Wilkins (Dem.) …resigned February 14, 1844.

  Cornelius Darragh (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated March 26, 1844.

• 22. Samuel Hays (Dem.)
• 23. Charles M. Reed (Whig)
• 24. Joseph Buffington (Whig)

Rhode Island

• 1. Henry Y. Cranston (Law and Order)
• 2. Elisha R. Potter (Law and Order)

South Carolina

• 1. James A. Black (Dem.)
• 1. Robert B. Smith (Dem.)
• 2. Richard F. Simpson (Dem.)
• 3. Joseph A. Woodward (Dem.)
• 4. John Campbell (Dem.)
• 5. Armistead Burt (Dem.)
• 6. Isaac E. Holmes (Dem.)
• 7. Robert B. Rhett (Dem.)

Tennessee

• 1. Andrew Johnson (Dem.)
• 2. William T. Senter (Whig)
• 3. Julius W. Blackwell (Dem.)
• 4. Alvan Cullom (Dem.)
• 5. George W. Jones (Dem.)
• 6. Aaron V. Brown (Dem.)
• 7. David W. Dickinson (Whig)
• 8. Joseph H. Peyton (Whig)
• 9. Cave Johnson (Dem.)
• 10. John B. Ashe (Whig)
• 11. Milton Brown (Whig)

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (Whig)
• 2. Jacob Collamer (Whig)
• 3. George P. Marsh (Whig)
• 4. Paul Dillingham, Jr. (Dem.)

Virginia

• 1. Archibald Atkinson (Dem.)
• 2. George Dromgoole (Dem.)
• 3. Walter Coles (Dem.)
• 4. Edmund W. Hubard (Dem.)
• 5. Thomas W. Gilmer (Dem.) …resigned February 16, 1844.

  William L. Goggin (Whig) …elected to fill vacancy, seated May 10, 1844.

• 6. John W. Jones (Dem.)
• 7. Henry A. Wise (Dem.) …resigned February 12, 1844.

  Thomas H. Bayly (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated May 6, 1844.

• 8. Willoughby Newton (Whig)
• 9. Samuel Chilton (Whig)
• 10. William Lucas (Dem.)
• 11. William Taylor (Dem.)
• 12. Augustus A. Chapman (Dem.)
• 13. George W. Hopkins (Dem.)
• 14. George W. Summers (Whig)
• 15. Lewis Steenrod (Dem.)

[edit] Delegates

Florida Territory

• A/L. David L. Yulee (Dem.) …granted statehood March 3, 1845.

Iowa Territory

• A/L. Augustus C. Dodge (Dem.)

Wisconsin Territory

• A/L. Henry Dodge (Dem.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 28th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 7
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Whig: 1 seat net loss
  • Law and Order: 1 seat net gain

• deaths: 3
• resignations: 5
• interim appointments: 1
• Total seats with changes: 10

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 14
  • Democratic: 6 seat net loss
  • Whig: 6 seat net gain

• deaths: 7
• resignations: 7
• contested election: 0
• Total seats with changes: 16

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12, 1836
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • Edward Dyer of Maryland, elected March 8, 1841
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Septimus Tustin Presbyterian, elected June 12, 1841

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Caleb J. McNulty of Ohio, elected December 6, 1843, dismissed January 18, 1845
  • Benjamin B. French of New Hampshire, elected January 18, 1845
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Newton Lane of Kentucky, elected December 6, 1843
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Jesse E. Dow of Connecticut, elected December 6, 1843
• Postmaster of the House:
  • John M. Johnson of Virginia, elected January 4, 1844
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Isaac S. Tinsley, Baptist, elected December 4, 1843
  • The Rev. William M. Daily Methodist, elected December 4, 1844

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
2. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
3. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
4. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
5. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

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