Ehud Olmert

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Ehud Olmert אהוד אולמרט
12th Prime Minister of Israel
Incumbent
Assumed office  April 15, 2006 (acting PM since January 4, 2006)*
Deputy	Tzipi Livni
Preceded by	Ariel Sharon
Born	September 30, 1945 (age 61) Binyamina, British Mandate of Palestine
Political party	Kadima
Spouse	Aliza Olmert
*Olmert assumed all duties of the Prime Minister after Sharon's stroke.

Ehud Olmert (IPA /ɛhud ˈolmeʁt/; Hebrew:אהוד אולמרט; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel.

Olmert became Prime Minister on April 14, 2006 ^[1] but had been exercising the powers of the office since they were transferred to him on January 4, 2006 after Ariel Sharon suffered a severe hemorrhagic stroke. Olmert's title for that period was Acting Prime Minister. ^[2]

Previously, Olmert was the Vice Prime Minister of Israel, the Finance minister, Minister of Industry, Trade and Labor, and Minister responsible for the Israel Lands Administration, as well as Mayor of Jerusalem.^[3]

Contents 1 Youth and military service 2 MK and Minister 3 Mayor of Jerusalem 4 Minister and Vice Prime Minister 5 Acting Prime Minister 6 Prime Minister 7 Clashes with B'Tselem 8 Allegations 9 Family 10 See also 11 References 12 External links

[edit] Youth and military service

Born near Binyamina in the British Mandate of Palestine, Ehud Olmert is a graduate of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with degrees in psychology, philosophy and law.

According to Olmert, his parents, Bella and Mordechai, escaped "persecution in Ukraine and Russia and found sanctuary in Harbin, China. They immigrated to Israel to fulfill their dream of building a Jewish and democratic state living in peace in the land of our ancestors."[2] Olmert's childhood included membership in the Beitar Youth Organization and dealing with the fact that his parents were often blacklisted and discriminated against due to their affiliation with Herut, the opposition to the long-ruling Mapai party. However, by the 1970s this was proving less detrimental to one's career than during the 1950s, and Olmert succeeded in opening a successful law partnership in Jerusalem.

Olmert served with the Israel Defense Forces in the Golani combat brigade. While in service he was injured and temporarily released. He underwent many treatments. Later he completed his military duties as a journalist for the IDF magazine BaMahane. During the Yom Kippur war he joined the headquarters of Ariel Sharon as a military correspondent. Already a Knesset member, he decided to go through an Officer's course, at the age of 35, in 1980.

[edit] MK and Minister

Olmert was first elected to the Knesset in 1973 at the age of 28 and was re-elected seven consecutive times.

During 1981-1988, he was a member of the Foreign Affairs and Security Committee and has also served on the Finance, Education and Defense Budget Committees.

He served as Minister without portfolio, responsible for minority affairs (1988-1990), and as Minister of Health (1990-1992).

[edit] Mayor of Jerusalem

From 1993 to 2003, Ehud Olmert served two terms as Mayor of Jerusalem, the first member of Likud or its precursors to hold the position. During his term in office, he devoted himself to the initiation and advancement of major projects in the city, the development and improvement of the education system, and the development of road infrastructure. He also spearheaded the development of the light rail system in Jerusalem, and the investment of millions of sheqels in the development of mass transportation options for the city.

While Mayor of Jerusalem, Ehud Olmert was an invited speaker at an international conflict resolution conference held in Derry in Northern Ireland. In his address, he spoke of how "Political leaders can help change the psychological climate which affects the quality of relationships among people." His speech concluded with reflections on the importance of political process in overcoming differences: "How are fears born? They are born because of differences in tradition and history; they are born because of differences in emotional, political and national circumstances. Because of such differences, people fear they cannot live together. If we are to overcome such fear, a credible and healthy political process must be carefully and painfully developed. A political process that does not aim to change the other or to overcome differences, but that allows each side to live peacefully in spite of their differences."[3]

[edit] Minister and Vice Prime Minister

Ehud Olmert was elected as a member of the sixteenth Knesset in January 2003. He served as the head of the election campaign for the Likud Party in the elections, and subsequently was the chief negotiator of the coalition agreement. Following the elections he was appointed as Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Industry, Trade and Labor. From 2003-2004, he also served as Minister of Communications.

On August 7, 2005, Olmert was appointed as acting Finance Minister, replacing Benjamin Netanyahu, who had resigned in protest against the planned Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip.^[4]

Olmert, who had originally opposed withdrawing from land captured in the Six-Day War, and who had voted against the Camp David Peace Accords in 1978, is a vocal supporter of the Gaza pullout. After his appointment, Olmert said:

"I voted against Menachem Begin, I told him it was a historic mistake, how dangerous it would be, and so on and so on. Now I am sorry he is not alive for me to be able to publicly recognize his wisdom and my mistake. He was right and I was wrong. Thank God we pulled out of the Sinai." ^[5]

During Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's second term, Olmert was Vice Prime Minister, and was widely viewed as Sharon's right hand man. He was a vocal supporter of government policy and was the most important ally of Sharon during the September 2005 unilateral disengagement plan. When Sharon announced his leaving the Likud and the formation of a new party, Kadima, Olmert was one of the first to join him.

[edit] Acting Prime Minister

On January 4, 2006, Olmert became Acting Prime Minister of Israel as a result of the serious stroke suffered by Ariel Sharon. Consultations between Government Secretary Israel Maimon and Attorney General Meni Mazouz had declared Sharon "temporarily incapable of discharging his powers". Olmert and the Cabinet announced that the elections would take place on 28 March as scheduled.

According to Israeli law, an Acting Prime Minister can remain in office 100 days after the Prime Minister has become incapacitated. After 100 days, the Israeli President must appoint a new Prime Minister.

In the days following the stroke, Olmert met with Shimon Peres and other Sharon supporters to try to convince them to stay with Kadima, rather than return to Likud or, in Peres' case, Labour. Peres has announced his support for Olmert, as has Justice Minister Tzipi Livni, who is regarded as the strongest political force other than Olmert within Kadima. On January 16, 2006, Olmert was elected Acting Chairman of Kadima[4] and number one candidate in the March 28 elections. [5]

In his first major policy address since becoming Israel's acting prime minister, Olmert said at the Herzliya Conference on January 24 that he backed the creation of a Palestinian state, and that Israel would have to relinquish parts of the West Bank to maintain its Jewish majority. At the same time, we said "We firmly stand by the historic right of the people of Israel to the entire Land of Israel. [6] Also, in a number of interviews to the media during the election campaign for the 17th Knesset, Olmert introduced to the public his convergence plan.

Despite scoring a weaker-than-expected showing of 29 seats in the March 28th election, Olmert's party, Kadima, was still the largest block in the Knesset and thus the first choice for assembling a coalition. In his victory speech, Olmert promised to make Israel a just, strong, peaceful and prosperous state, respecting the rights of the minorities, cherishing education, culture and science and above all—striving to achieve lasting and definite peace with the Palestinians. Olmert stated that as Israel is willing to compromise for peace, the Palestinians must be flexible in their positions as well. He stated that if the Palestinians, with Hamas now leading the Palestinian Authority, refuse to recognize the State of Israel, then Israel "will take her own fate in her hands" directly, implying unilateral action. The future of the next governing coalition largely depends on the goodwill of other parties to cooperate with the newly elected prime minister.

The President of Israel Moshe Katsav formally asked Olmert on April 6 to form a government, making him Prime Minister-Designate. Olmert had an initial period of 28 days to form a governing coalition, with a possible two-week extension. [7] On 11 April 2006, the Israeli Cabinet deemed that Sharon was incapacitated. The 100-day replacement deadline was extended due to the Jewish festival of Passover, [8] and a provision was made that, should Sharon's condition improve between 11 April and 14 April, the declaration would not take effect. Therefore, the official declaration took effect on 14 April, formally ending Sharon's term as Prime Minister and making Olmert the country's new Prime Minister. [9]

[edit] Prime Minister

On May 4, 2006, Olmert presented his new government to the Knesset. Olmert became Prime Minister and Minister for Welfare. The control over Welfare Ministry is expected to be given to United Torah Judaism if it will join the government. Olmert would, however, remain Minister of Welfare as UTJ usually prefers to manage government ministries from a Deputy Minister position.

On May 24, 2006 Olmert was invited to address a joint session of the US Congress.^[6] He stated that his government would proceed with Israel's unilateral disengagement plan if it could not come to agreement with the Palestinians. Olmert was the third Israeli Prime Minister to have been invited to speak at a joint session of Congress. On June 4, 2006 Olmert announced he will meet Mahmoud Abbas to resume talks on the Road map for peace.

Under Olmert, the policy of ambiguity on the possession by Israel of nuclear weapons remains intact. One result of this is the continued detention in Israel of Mordechai Vanunu, who spent eighteen years in prison in Israel after breaking confidentiality agreements and divulging to a news organization in Britain details about Israel's suspected nuclear projects.

Since the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Olmert has become extremely unpopular in Israel and recent opinion polls have pointed to a victory for Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu if an election were to be held at this point. Additionally, on September 15 2006, former chief of staff Moshe Ya'alon held that Olmert should resign his office. According to the BBC, Olmert's approval rating has dropped from 22 percent in early 2006 to a not so shocking 14 percent. Olmert has also been the recent recipient of a Google Bomb for the words כישלון חרוץ, which means "miserable failure" in Hebrew. ^[7]

On September 26, 2006 the BBC reported that Prime Minister Ehud Olmert had held a meeting with a senior member of the Saudi royal family which rules Arabia. These talks reportedly included the reported Saudi proposal to lead Arab states in recognition of Israel in exchange for Israel removing its forces from neighboring occupied territories. Ehud claimed in an interview with Yediot Aharonot's newspaper that the meeting had US backing.[10]

On December 8, Olmert met Russian President Vladimir Putin about Iran's nuclear program and told Putin that he hoped the United Nations Security Council would vote to impose sanctions if Iran continued to flout the international community's demands that it stop its nuclear development.

Olmert told on December 9 that he could not rule out the possibility of a military attack against Iran, and called for the international community to step up action against the country. Olmert called Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's repeated threats to destroy Israel "absolutely criminal," and said that he expected "more dramatic steps to be taken." The interview came ahead of his planned trip to Germany, where on December 11 he met and held a joint press conference with Chancellor Angela Merkel. He stated that he was prepared to concede "large territories" in the West Bank for a "true peace." Such a withdrawal would allow the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank, he added.[11]

In a December 11 interview with German TV network Sat.1, he appeared to include Israel in a list of nuclear powers, a statement which his office has characterised as an unintentional mistake in translation. He has nonetheless come under harsh criticism from both ends of the Israeli political spectrum due to the perceived threat to Israel's policy of ambiguity regarding its nuclear status.^[8][9]

In January 16 a criminal investigation was initiated against him. The investigation will focus on suspicions that during his tenure as finance minister, Olmert tried to steer the tender for the sale of Bank Leumi in order to help Australian real estate baron Frank Lowy, a close personal associate. ^{[10] [11]}

On January 21 Olmert promised to lessen conflict and work with Defense Minister Amir Peretz in determining who will succeed former IDF Chief of General Staff Lt.-Gen. Dan Halutz. ^[12]

[edit] Clashes with B'Tselem

On October 30th, 2006 Olmert gave a speech to the Knesset in which he said the Israeli Army killed 300 terrorists in the preceding months. B'Tselem, an Israeli Human Rights organization [12][13] which documents and classifies fatalities (e.g., children, noncombatants, combatants, etc.) issued a letter requesting that Olmert retract or qualify his statement, and alleging that his statement implies all the people killed by the IDF were terrorists, which B'Tselem disputes.

[edit] Allegations

In the 1970s, Olmert was rumored to be a party to a complex scheme involving well-known Jerusalem businessmen, organized crime, corrupt legislators, and retired General Rechavam Ze'evi. This affair was documented in investigative journalist Aryeh Avneri's Ha'tvusa in 1992. During the run-up to the Ze'evi libel suit, Olmert allegedly took funds from the Likud treasury for his defense fund, although his lawyers were from his own law firm, which would effectively constitute bribery.^{[citation needed]} All accusations against Olmert were eventually settled out of court.

Israeli businessman David Appel has been suspected of bribing both Sharon and Olmert, while he was mayor of Jerusalem, in what is known as the Greek island affair.

On February 20, 2006, it was disclosed that an inquiry is being carried out on the 1999 sale and lease-back of Olmert's Jerusalem house, which allegedly was done on financial terms very favorable to Olmert, in what would amount to be an illegal campaign contribution and/or bribe.[14] Olmert is also being investigated over suspicions of attempting to intervene in the privatisation of Bank Leumi for the benefit of a business associate^[13].

[edit] Family

Ehud Olmert's wife, Aliza, is a writer of novels and theater plays, as well as an artist. It has been rumored that Aliza was a (founding) member of the Israeli left wing organization Women in Black, but this rumor is unsubstantiated. [15]. Still, Aliza is known to be more left-leaning in her politics than her husband. She claimed to have voted for him for the first time in 2006.

The couple has four biological children and an adopted daughter. The oldest daughter, Michal, holds a Masters in psychology and leads workshops in creative thinking. Their daughter Dana is a lecturer in literature at the Tel Aviv University and the editor of a literature series. She is a self-identified lesbian and lives with her partner in Tel Aviv. Her parents are accepting of her sexual identity and partner. Dana is active in the Jerusalem branch of the Israeli human rights organization Machsom Watch. In June 2006 she attended a march in Tel Aviv protesting alleged Israeli complicity in the Gaza beach blast, which made her the subject of bitter criticism from right wing personalities.^[14]

Their son Shaul married an Israeli artist and lives in New York. He is currently an executive at Nickelodeon. After Shaul was through with military service, he signed a petition of the Israeli left-wing organization Yesh G'vul. He later became the spokesman of Beitar Jerusalem FC, his father's favorite football team. This team is often associated with the Israeli right. Ehud's younger son Ariel, who did not serve in the Israeli Army, studies French literature at the Sorbonne in Paris. Shuli is their adopted daughter. She was orphaned from her mother at birth.[16][17]

Olmert's father Mordechai, considered a pioneer of Israel's land settlement and a former member of the Second and Third Knessets, grew up in the Chinese city of Harbin where he led the local Betar youth movement. Olmert's grandfather, J.J. Olmert settled in Harbin after fleeing post World War-I Russia.[18] In 2004, Ehud Olmert visited China and paid his respects at the tomb of his grandfather in Harbin. Olmert said that his father had never forgotten his Chinese hometown after moving to what was then the British Mandate of Palestine, in 1933 at the age of 22. "When he died at the age of 88, he spoke his last words in Chinese," he recalled. [19]

[edit] See also

• 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Ehud Olmert at the Knesset
• Profile: Ehud Olmert
• Ehud Olmert
• Anti-Olmert website (Hebrew)
• PBS Frontline/World's piece on Ehud Olmert
• Ehud Olmert Profile by Ynetnews
• 63% of Israelis want Olmert to quit
• Profile: Israel's Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert by Ynetnews

Preceded by Teddy Kollek	Mayor of Jerusalem 1993–2003	Succeeded by Uri Lupolianski
Preceded by Benjamin Netanyahu	Finance Minister of Israel 2005-2006	Succeeded by Avraham Hirschson
Preceded by Ariel Sharon	Chairman of Kadima 2006 – present	Incumbent
Preceded by Ariel Sharon	Prime Minister of Israel 2006 – present	Incumbent

v • d • e  Prime Ministers of Israel
David Ben-Gurion • Moshe Sharett • David Ben-Gurion • Levi Eshkol • Golda Meir • Yitzhak Rabin • Menachem Begin • Yitzhak Shamir • Shimon Peres • Yitzhak Shamir • Yitzhak Rabin • Shimon Peres • Benjamin Netanyahu • Ehud Barak • Ariel Sharon • Ehud Olmert