Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia

From Wikipedia

Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia hutolewa kila mwaka kufuatana na wasia ya Alfred Nobel na kamati ya Taasisi ya Taaluma ya Sayansi ya Sweden.

Tangu mwaka 1901 tuzo imepokelewa na wataalamu wafuatao:

1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz na Pieter Zeeman

1903 Antoine Henri Becquerel na Pierre na Marie Curie

1904 Lord Rayleigh

1905 Philipp Lenard

1906 Joseph John Thomson

1907 Albert Abraham Michelson

1908 Gabriel Lippmann

1909 Guglielmo Marconi na Ferdinand Braun

1910 Johannes Diederik van der Waals

1911 Wilhelm Wien

1912 Nils Dalen

1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

1914 Max von Laue

1915 William Bragg na Lawrence Bragg

1916 (hakuna tuzo kwa Fizikia)

1917 Charles Glover Barkla

1918 Max Planck

1919 Johannes Stark

1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume

1921 Albert Einstein

1922 Niels Bohr

1923 Robert Millikan

1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

1925 James Franck na Gustav Hertz

1926 Jean Perrin

1927 Arthus Holly Compton na Charles Wilson

1928 Owen Richardson

1929 Louis-Victor Broglie

1930 Chandrasekhara Raman

1931 (hakuna tuzo kwa Fizikia)

1932 Werner Heisenberg

1933 Erwin Schrödinger na Paul Dirac

1934 (hakuna tuzo kwa Fizikia)

1935 James Chadwick

1936 Carl David Anderson na Victor Francis Hess

1937 Clinton Davisson na George Thomson

1938 Enrico Fermi

1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence

1940-42 Tuzo ya Nobel haikutolewa kwa sababu ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia

1943 Otto Stern

1944 Isidor Rabi

1945 Wolfgang Pauli

1946 Percy Bridgman

1947 Edward Appleton

1948 Patrick Blackett

1949 Hideki Yukawa

1950 Cecil Frank Powell

1950 Cecil Frank Powell

1951 John Douglas Cockcroft na Ernest Walton

1952 Felix Bloch na Edward Purcell

1953 Frits Zernike

1954 Max Born na Walther Bothe

1955 Willis Lamb na Polykarp Kusch

1956 William Shockley, John Bardeen na Walter Brattain

1957 Tsung-Dao Lee na Chen Ning Yang

1958 Pavel Cherenkov, Ilya Frank na Igor Tamm

1959 Emilio Segre na Owen Chamberlain

1960 Donald A. Glaser

1961 Robert Hofstadter na Rudolf Mössbauer

1962 Lev Landau

1963 Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer na Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen

1964 Charles Townes, Nikolai Bassow na Alexander Prochorow

1965 Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger na Shinichiro Tomonaga

1966 Alfred Kastler

1967 Hans Bethe

1968 Luis Alvarez

1969 Murray Gell-Mann

1970 Hannes Alfven na Louis Neel

1971 Dennis Gabor

1972 John Bardeen, Leon Cooper na Robert Schrieffer

1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever na Brian Josephson

1974 Martin Ryle na Anthony Hewish

1975 Aage Bohr, Ben Mottelson na James Rainwater

1976 Burton Richter na Samuel Ting

1977 Philip Anderson, John Van Vleck na Neville Mott

1978 Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias na Robert Wilson

1979 Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam na Steven Weinberg

1980 James Cronin na Val Fitch

1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow na Kai Siegbahn

1982 Kenneth Wilson

1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar na William Fowler

1984 Carlo Rubbia na Simon van der Meer

1985 Klaus von Klitzing

1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig na Heinrich Rohrer

1987 Johannes Bednorz na Karl Alex Muller

1988 Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz na Jack Steinberger

1989 Wolfgang Paul, Hans Georg Dehmelt na Norman Ramsay

1990 Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall na Richard Taylor

1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

1992 Georges Charpak

1993 Russell Hulse na Joseph Taylor

1994 Bertram Brockhouse na Clifford Shull

1995 Martin Perl na Frederick Reines

1996 David Lee, Douglas Osheroff na Robert Richardson

1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji na William Phillips

1998 Robert Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer na Daniel Chee Tsui

1999 Gerardus t' Hooft na Martinus Veltman

2000 Schores Alfjorow, Herbert Kroemer na Jack Kilby

2001 Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle na Carl Wieman

2002 Raymond Davis, Masatoshi Koshiba na Riccardo Giacconi

2003 Alexei Abrikossow, Witali Ginsburg na Anthony Leggett

2004 David Gross, David Politzer na Frank Wilczek

2005 Roy Glauber, Theodor Hänsch na John Hall

2006 John Mather na George Smoot