Umoja wa Mataifa
From Wikipedia
Umoja wa Mataifa (UM) ni umoja wa nchi karibu zote duniani; ulianzishwa mwaka 1945 na nchi washindi wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia. Umoja huu ulianzishwa na nchi 51 na kufikia mwaka 2005 kuna nchi 191 ambazo ni wanachama wa umoja huu. Dhumuni la umoja huu ni kuratibu mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia sheria na mikataba ya kimataifa kwenye maeneo kama usalama, amani, maendeleo ya jamii, haki za binadamu, n.k.
Makao makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa yako New York nchini Marekani.
Umoja huu ulichukua nafasi ya Shirikisho la Mataifa (1919 - 1946).
Nchi za pekee zisizo wanachama wa UM ni Dola la Vatikano lililokataa uanachama, Palestina ambayo haijatangaza hali ya dola la kujitegemea bado na Taiwan isiyotambuliwa kuwa nchi ya kujitegemea bali sehemu ya Uchina.
Katibu Mkuu wa UM ni Ban Ki-moon kutoka Korea ya Kusini. Ban Ki-moon alichaguliwa kuwa Katibu Mkuu mwaka 2006 akachukua nafasi ya Kofi Annan.
[edit] Muundo wa UM
UM una vyombo sita:
- Mkutano Mkuu wa UM(United Nations General Assembly)
- Baraza la Usalama la UM (United Nations Security Council)
- Ofisi Kuu ya UM (United Nations Secretariat)
- Mahakama Kuu ya Kimataifa (International Court Of Justice)
- Baraza la Uchumi na Ustawi wa Jamii la UM (ECOSOC)(Economic And Social Council)
Baraza la Wafadhili la UM (Trusteeship Council)imesimamisha kazi yake 1994.
[edit] Vyama vya pekee vya UM
- UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)
- WHO (World Health Organization)
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
- UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Elimu, Sayansi, na Utamaduni)
- ILO (International Labour Organization)
- IMF (International Monetary Fund)
- UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
- ITC (International Trade Centre (UNCTAD/WTO)
- UNDCP (United Nations Drug Control Programme)
- UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
- UNIFEM (United Nations Development Fund for Women)
- UNV (United Nations Volunteers)
- UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
- UNFPA (United Nations Fund for Population Activities)
- UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
- UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme)
- UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East)